1) Objective External treatments have various curative effects. So it had been used to cure various patients. But, it has a limited sphere of application in the present South Korea. And the ${\ulcorner}$Li-Yao-Pian-Won${\lrcorner}$ had been written by Wu-Shang-Xian(吳尙先) in 1864. The book is the first technical book of external treatments. So, he has been held in respected as the father of external treatments by many people. Therefore we would like to bring out it’s external treatments theory 2) Conclusions Wu-Shang-Xian(吳尙先) had insisted that external treatments principles are identical with internal treatments. So, prescriptions of external treatment are selected and made by principles of internal treatment. (1) The factors of determination external treatment’s methods are focus (meridian, inside and outside etc.), attribute of diseases, patient’s liking. (2) The treatment regions are decided by meridian theory, diseases region and external treatment’s methods.

Background The Saam's Acupuncture Method is one of the most widely adopted techniques used by clinicians and educational institutions in Korea today. It is originated in the 17th century from a Buddhist monk known as 'Saam'. The reports on the bibliography. biological responses and therapeutic effects of Saam's Acupuncture method were done but trends on the Saam's Acupuncture method were insufficient. Objectives This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Saam's Acupuncture. In the process, this review will grasp trends in this field of studies and will direct further researches into the right direction. Method We searched and investigated th journals supplied by Korean Oriental Medical Society and Je-Han Oriental Medical Academy homepage etc. with the key world 'Saam(사암), jung-geuk(정격), seung-gyuk(승격), han-geuk(한격), yul-geuk(열격)'. Fifty journals were chosen for the review. Result 1. The proportion of basic researches was 10%. The biological responses of Saam's Acupuncture method reveal on blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). 2. The proportion of literature researches was 48%. The application of Saam's Acupuncture method was many. 3. The proportion of case reports was 26%. Saam's Acupuncture method is applied in the various disease. 4. The proportion of clinical studies was 16%. Clinical studies were increased after the year 2000. Conclusions To elevated quality of studies, we need well-designed experimental methods, efficient secure of experimental groups, appropriate statistical verification, accumulations of knowledges about data research.

Bioinformatics and medical informatics have moved to make its knowledge more systematically and computationally using ontology. These ontologies help querying ring and analyzing data and used to develop application in biomedical. However, no research about ontology of oriental medical exists. Thus, to maximize the power of transitional knowledge, it is necessary to construct the ontology for oriental medical. This paper compares the ontologies of bio and medic by an objective point of view to guide the construction of oriental medic ontologies.

This research is intended to analyze the necessity of the integrated organization for the performance in order to the extension of scale and the systematic promotion concerning to the Korean medicine informational project, and to research the promotional method of Korean Medicine information through the constitution of organization for preparing the informational basic. There are three main important subjects to be done in this research project. The initial issue is to devise a comprehensive and systematic plan of Korean medicine information according to the Korean Medicine Rearing Raw('03. 8). Furthermore, it is necessary to reinforce the integrated informational ability of Organizations concerning to the Korean Medicine. Finally, with the above works accomplished, the overall standard of Korean Medicine Information should be settled. Initially, we compose an advisory committee of the Korean Medicine Information in the first year. The members of the committee include the informational coordinates of related government agencies, the experts in Korean Medicine Information, and specialists in the domains of computer science and information. In the next phase, we derive the promotional strategy for 'Center for Korean Medicine Information'. In other words, by means of analyzing the current issues and outstanding problems of on-going research projects and environments, the ultimate directions of the whole activities are established. Also, we build the medium and long-range road map of Korean Medicine Information Research by setting strategy for the policy projects related to the area. With the various research activities in this project, we can achieve the following practical strategic benefits. Firstly, we can lay a foundation for the Korean Medicine Information by establishing the fundamental plan for 'Korean Medicine Information Center'. Secondly, information strategic projects about 'Korean Medicine Information Center'. Secondly information strategic projects about 'Korean Medicine Information Development' can be performed in more systematic fashion and promoted by stages. Finally, by confirming the contents of the Korean Medicine of KMS system, we invent an opportunity of new project in the field of the Korean Medicine Information by means of practicing and managing the 'korean Medicine Information Custom Service'.

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

Pogostemonis and Agastachis Herba are the whole of Pogostemon cablin (BLANCO) BENTH or Agastache rugosa (FISCHER et MEYER) O. KUNTZE (family Labiatae) which is produced in all part of Korea and China. This drug is used for removing dampness by means of aromatics in oriental medicine. The standard formula of this drug is important from the viewpoint of the quality control. A characteristic discrimination of internal and external morphological standard in original plants and herbal states of Pogostemonis and Agastachis Herba are as follows. 1. The external characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has hairs and brown-like in stem, elliptical fruit. In the other hand, Agastache rugosa has no hairs and red-like in stem, obovatic trigone fruit. 2. The physical characteristics: Pogostemon cablin is gray in whole, has hairs in stem and numerous hairs of ash in leaf. In the other hand, Agastache rugosa is yellow-green in whole, has no hairs in stem. Specially the latter has deep-green colour and numerous hairs presenting mostly at lower epidermis in leaf. 3. The physical characteristics in currents: Pogostemon cablin is brown, has hairs and round-like stem. In the other hand, Agastache rugosa is green or yellow-green, has no hairs and tetragon in stem. 4. The internal characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has progressed spongy tissue in epidermal cell of leaf and many rank of epidermal cell in stem. In other hand, Agastache rugosa has 1 rank palisade tissue in leaf and few rank of epidermal cell in stem. In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial classification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for applying herbs in the future. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search.

Pulse is one of the basic diagnostic information of TKM(Traditional Korean Medicine). To quantify and standardize pulse diagnosis, we had collected an amount of clinical data from May 2005 by using newly developed pulse analyzer. But there were many noises in pulse wave according to measuring method, environment, operator and condition of patient. So some data can’t be included for analyzing diagnosis. To reduce noises from measuring pulse and to collect reliable pulse wave data, we made the process map of measuring method and applied six sigma project. With this we can improved the method of measuring pulse wave in collecting clinical data. The project follows a disciplined process of five macro phases: define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC). A process map and C-E diagram are used to identify process input and output variables. The major input variables are selected by using C&E matrix, and process map is developed by analyzing input variables. And the optimum process conditions are going to be controled to avoid in increasing loss of collecting pulse wave data.

Pulse feeling is one of the most important diagnosis method in Oriental medicine. But it is not easy to make an objective and standardized diagnosis. In this study, we found how to quantify diagnosis. Specially dally the high practicality in clinic, we search some parameters especially well-related to floating and sinking pulse by statistic analysis. By extension, we find the pulse patterns of the floating and sinking pulse. We choose 15 subjects diagnosed as floating pulse and 15 subjects diagnosed as sinking pulse by oriental doctors. And their pulse signals were acquired by Pulse analyzer which has piezoresistive pressure sensor. For the quantification of the floating and sinking pulse, at first, we examined the parameters which were highly correlated with oriental doctor's diagnosis. And then we derived pulse patterns of the floating-sinking pulse from preprocessed signal and its ensemble average. We also looked trend variation (PH-Curve) between contact and pulse pressure. As a result, statistically there is the biggest difference between contact pressure, the maximum pulse pressure, diastolic area (Ad) and floating and sinking data. Through the PH-Curve, which represented the relationship between contact and pulse pressure, we could divide the floating and sinking pulse clearly. As a basic research of pulse diagnosis algorithm, we can contribute to select essential parameters in diagnosis algorithm And using these diagnosis method, we expect to find typical pulse patterns and some useful parameters about other pulses like slow/rapid, large/fine pulse and so on. We hope that this study will contribute pulse objectification.

Objectives we intended to know how much did it relate with the results between the instruments of diagnosis by using methods of three factors - QSCCII, PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution)-2004, and body measurement which are usually used in diagnosing the Sasang Constitution in clinics Methods We diagnosed Sasang constitution through QSCCII, PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution)-2004, Body measurement as a dignosis factors and we used Kappa coefficient to estimate simularity between diagnosis factors, and SPSS 12.0K to analyze data Results and conchusions 1. The orders of agreement statistics are different in the currency of Sasang Constitution diagnosis, Soeum-in was highest and Taeum-in lowest in the the fricency of Sasang Conctitution Diagnosis in the QSCCII, Soeum-in was highest Soyang-in lowest in the PSSC and Taeum-in highest, Soyang-in lowest in the body measurement so, we analogized incorrection in Sasang Constitution Diagnosis 2. Among 443 subjects, 156 (35.3%) had same dignosis in three Sasang Constitution factors. It means agreement statistics among factors of diagnosis are very low, so it is absolutely nessessary to research connection among those, especially Soyang-in part 3. Totally, it is not robust to apply these factors on Sasang Constitution diagnosis, especially agreement statistics between two kinds of Sasang Constitution diagnosis as $0.358{\sim}0.380$. However, we can have a possibility the more we use Sasang Constitution dignosis factors, the higher the agreement statistics is, through the ascending of agreement statistics as $0.526{\sim}0.592$, among three kinds of Sasang Constitution diagnosis To evaluate accuracy of Sasang Constitution diagnosis, it is nessessary to collect data from the subjects who are dignosed through the evidences such as herb medicine, disease and normal symption observation, etc. Using these data, we have to evaluate correction of seperated Sasang Constitution diagnosis methods and to connect those.