This is a study on the houses that will be submerged by the construction of hwa-buk dam. The purpose of this study is to record the folk houses that will be disappeared, and to make clear the regional characteristics of folk houses in this area. The type of site plan presents variously according to the location of several important factors. Types of site plan that are presented in this area are 4 (-, \ulcorner, equation omitted, - ), and \ulcorner, type is general. Types of houses according to the number of front room unit are 2. And 3room and 4 room type enlarge the living space by installing the toe-gan. In case of the 4 room-type is having Maru between rooms. The 3 room type shows superior distribution than the 4 room type.

Presently, digital information society that we live in is changing the world rapidly and it is making a human style of living more complicated into various ways. Also the change of human life style in general society has expedited the transition of the housing design. Therefore, this research will illustrate the future housing in Sweden to show more realistically the changeable houses in digital informational society

Universal design has been disseminated as one of major paradigms in the 21st century throughout the world. Its definition and range of application have appeared somewhat differently from countries and cultures. Japan has been coping with aging phenomena in societies population, and now became aged society. Therefore, universal design has been a big social issue and its design development has tendency of focusing on design for the elderly population. Currently, Japanese housing in its aging society has shown various experiments to provide the elderly with safe and supportive environment to maintain and promote quality of their lives in conventional life settings. Korea already began to undergo this aging process, and now it's in aging society. This means especially designers need to show up their creativity to let design function as a means of social intervention. Therefore this research showed the range of universal design characteristics appeared in current Japanese housing market.

This study is to research the essence of ‘Dwelling’ as the meaning of the veritable dwelling. This thesis started with the problematic recognition that the dwelling cannot treat the impending basic problems properly only with the scientific and estimating method so far The method for the study to recognize the essence of the dwelling in this study is the phenomenological method. The research method which was performed in order to recognize the essence of the dwelling was the deep interview, and the course and essence of the dwelling was understood after analyzing and interpreting while abstracting the dwelling experience of six aged women.

Many people think, in common that An expansion toward outer city is a development, and it can be a general trends in a new development in a growing city. But We can see many case which moving of a public building are considerate as a core element to promote the new development towards outer city, and that is a negative element of slum in central area and community making. There are many aspects to pursue sustainable urban structure of in a city, and public building is a very important element to manage deteriorate central area from social slum in a old town. In this presentation, three project, Local Authority office of Chonnam province, Kwangju Station, and Hyper Urbanity, and it shows sustainable concept of the public building as a core in a city development. The effect of the projects are expected sustainable development and community in terms of social, cultural and historical aspects.

Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and form of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture extending to the contemporary architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word ‘reduction’ and the exterior-oriented character to ‘extension’ after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power

The purpose of this study is to assess the residential satisfaction of no-charge welfare facility for the elderly, and to examine the effect of the integration with pay-training institute on residential satisfaction. The data were collected from staffs and fifty one residents of welfare facility by interview and questionnaire. The statistical analysis was conducted to identify the residential satisfaction. A half of the elderly were aged over seventy five years old, eighty four percents of them were female, and seventy seven percents of them were non-educated. Forty two percents of the elderly considered themselves to be unhealthy, but the ADL data reveals that they are relatively healthy. The most of residents are highly satisfied with whole welfare facility. But, the level of satisfaction on the bathroom, the storing space, the cooking table and the benches were relatively low. These dissatisfactions can be solved by the expanding of the storing space, setting up of a common washing room and electric cooking stove, and the increasing of the number of benches. Also, it was recommended for the elderly to set up the Ondol-style rest room with the western style rest room. The level of satisfaction on the attached training institute with no-charge welfare facility for the elderly were high. This has positive effect on residential satisfaction of the elderly. Therefore, the community integrated welfare facility can be the alternative plan for the enhancement of residential satisfaction and quality of elderly life.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the exterior materials of super high-rise housing more than 30 stories which were built in New York City between 1924 and 2004. The result of examining 153 buildings was as follows; Exterior materials of super high-rise housing which were used bricks, of the salt-glazed bricks, terra-cotta and ceramic tiles, jumbo bricks and bricks were preferred among them. The colour of bricks was yellow, yellow ochre, clear brown, brown, dark brown, orange, vermilion and red. Exterior materials of super high-rise hotel and hotel apartment were bricks and ceramic tiles in the early days but stones, curtain wall and glass(green glass, green-tinted glass, brown-tinted glass, black glass) after 1980s. The main colour of buildings extended gray, green, blue-tinted brown-tinted and black.

Children in elementary school spend most of their time in their rooms in the housing environment. Children need to be provided with a new children's room environment that fits to their growth and development. Thus, the purpose of this research is to find out environmental characteristics of elementary school children's room. The samples are 633 children in their fourth or higher year grades. The results were analyzed using frequency, percentage, 1-test and F-test. For the research, used also were a developed measurement instrument in this study for environmental characteristics of children's room. The characteristics of children's room environment were categorized into ten items; convenience accessibility, order, ability to express, originality, safety, comfortability, privacy, territoriality, and social interaction. Children's rooms are designed to provide convenience and accessibility to children, but do not provide the creativity in them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of the room where activities of daily living and family events(activities of non-daily living) were performed with time. Research data was collected in 1992 and 2002 from households living in Seoul that have university student by using questionnaire surveys. Data was analyzed using the SPSS package program. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Living room was a multi-purpose space for various activities: receiving guests, family communication, ironing, sewing and dining as well as a kitchen. Anbang(master bed room) is the place where the couple sleeps. The room's purpose has changed from a multi-purpose space to a private space. 2) Most of the families performed the majority of the family events in the living room and Anbang. In the past, traditional events and birthday parties were performed in Anbang, but currently the trend has changed. This would mean that with time the majority of the family events were held in the living room. 3) Space planning is required to meet the dwellers' use of living room and Anbang.

The objective of this study is to find out demographic characteristics, motivation to move, housing values, and present housing satisfaction of expected purchasers, so that the results contribute to better planning of the medium size apartments at Guyoung in Ulsan city The field survey on 472 households has been carried out at suburbs of Ulsan. Major findings are as follows : 1) Demographic characteristics, motivation to move, housing values, and present housing satisfaction differ as the size expected purchasers live in at present. 2) To increase the motivation to move to Guyoung, well designed of planning common space, parking area, cultural and welfare facilities is essential. 3) To enhance the satisfaction level, better plan of dinning space and second bathroom is important for the apartments of 20py.s(~$m^2$), and that of family bathroom and utility space for the apartments of 30py.s(~$m^2$).

Judging from recent aspects of lift, Housing of diverse types are emerzing as the interest of housing quality takes a growing with advanced life-cycle, varity of dweller needs and high-grade consuming patterns. This study is to explore more positive design method of steel-framed house through analysis about the decorative properties, choosing steel-framed house designed by domestic architects after 1990. In conclusion, as actively making use of merits of steel-framed house and making up its faults, it is suggested as a possibility of modern future-types housing

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristic of street markets in land development district, Dae-gu(Sung-su, Yeoung-san and Si-gy Land development districts). The result of this study is as follows, Street markets are located between detached housing estates and cooperative housing estates. Street markets are classified as private road type, linear street type and mixed type, The influential area of street markets is extended form inside of detached housing estates to arterial road. The vitality of street markets is explained by the scale of dwelling area, road system and variety of function.

The purpose of this study was to examine the features that make residents feel “at home” in ALFs in Southwest Virginia and to suggest further policy and design guidelines for better Quality of ALFs as a “home.” For this purpose, residents' needs, experiences, and opinions of the physical environment, the social environment, and the organizational environments such as policies and programs of ALFs were identified. As a multi-case study, five ALFs in Southwest Virginia were studied using constant comparative methos of data analysis. In addition to face-to-face interviews with 25 residents and five administrators of five ALFs, observations were conducted with personal journal. Overall, the five sites selected presented homelike features showing the philosophy of assisted living which combines housing and services. Each facility was designed to be a single-family house or multi-family dwelling in outside appearance. As a whole, residents felt isolation and loneliness and they did not have active interaction with other residents because of diverse background among the residents. However, all of them had close relationships with the staff. The staff's attitude and behavior seemed to influence greatly the residents' feeling “at home.” Despite the provision of diverse activities by the facilities, many residents did not participate in the programs. Most of the residents agreed that the rule and regulations were fair. In spite of high satisfaction with the facility, many people did not think of their current dwelling as a real ‘home.’ As the biggest difference between living in their own homes and living in the ALF, people pointed out a lack of independence, freedom, and autonomy. Residents of ALFs may have reordered their priorities in their current life situation so that safety, security, and care were more important to them than feeling “at home.” Among the three factors --physical, social, and organizational-- that affect the residents' perception of ALFs as a “home, ” many emphasized the importance of social factors such as relationships with the staff and residents, and social support from their family or friends.

Residential indoor space is a major living setting for young children where multi-dimension at development can be expected through the interaction with items and components of the environment. The physical environment and attributes have been, however, relatively ignored. Especially during last several decades of housing development, residential units have been produced without accurate understanding of residents' material possession. To better design living environments, especially, a life setting for children, this research focused on finding out the characteristics of living items which belong to and are used by children.

The purpose of this study was to survey the needs of elderly housing of the elderly who lives in Seoul in order to offer the information helpful to elderly housing designers and elderly policy makers. Documentary research and interview survey methods were used in this research. The sample was taken from 30 the elderly living in Seoul. Data were analyzed with the SPSS PC＋ window version. The results were as follows: 1) there is little difference between age groups. The older groups had traditional sense of value that count on their children to serve. 2) the demands for elderly housing are not so much but those who have want to live in elderly housing want to live with their family and relatives in the suburbs of Seoul.

The purpose of this study was to examine resident's needs for storage according to unit size. In order to achieve our goal, the questionnaire survey was used. The results of the study were obtained as follows: 1) In research on consciousness and attitude about the storage, Residents tended to keep the goods of no use and prefered to arrange neatly rather than use conveniently. 2) In research on the storage needs, needs for the built-in furniture in all apartment sizes showed highly and residents wanted a space for the exclusive use of the storage.

Functional ability is an important criterion to predict the capability of older persons to maintain independent living in the community setting. This study focused on the effect of built-environment features to ameliorate declines in functional ability and reduce the likelihood of relocation. Using longitudinal data from the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (1993, 1995), relocation was analyzed for 6,225 respondents aged 70 or older. Findings are that while functional decline in household activities of daily living among older persons increased their residential moves in the community, functional declines in basic activities of daily living, household activities of daily living, and advanced activities of daily living among them increased their entrance into an institutional care facility However, they were less likely to enter an institutional care facility when their home was equipped with built-environment features such as street level ramps, special railings, modifications to allow someone in a wheelchair, grab bars or shower seat in the bathroom, and special call device or system to get help.

This study examines and analyzes residential environment and factors with partial region of Chungjang-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju based on land register and questionnaire. Consequently, most of residents are in their forties or over and working at downtown or place near it. It is found that rate of their own house is high and they live in the current house over 10 years. Residential factors at downtown area include its convenience, distance to workplace, convenient transportation and easy use of cultural and commercial facilities, but their consciousness of residence shows a low satisfaction with children education, air pollution, noise, parking facilities, green zone for making community, resting place, sunshine, view and privacy.

An increase in population of advanced age people according to medical development and progress of small family system by industrial development, changed our traditional large family system and paved way for creating a new dwelling culture in Korea. The purpose of this study are consisted of user paid welfare housing for elderly, pointing out the typical problems on present the elderly housing by check- list.

Today, augmentation of industrial wastes with industrial development demands diminution and recycling technical development for industrial wastes reduction. A statistical research of industry and constructional wastes as a request of the times can achieve the conservation of resource and the protection of environment. The ultimate object of the study is not only diminution and recycling of industrial wastes but also the degree of self-sufficiency in resource and the attainment of comfortable life environment, which can the accomplish the resource circulation system and make progress into the environmentally advanced country. The object of this investigation is industrial classification, a waste discharge quantity, a waste sort, waste disposal of industrial wastes in Yeung-nam area. The investigation of special quality in industrial wastes can be used to establish a wastes management policy and a disposition method .

This study researched that the remodeling was executed desirably in the side of deweller's household to the subject of ten apartment housings located in Gwang-ju, Jun-nam province. The study method was used the field study method and used in parallel with participant observation. As a result of the study, first, the problems of remodeling enforcement process are brought about standardized design, bad construction and the difficulty of solution in the defect occurrence. Second, By that request of the household is not reflected, the room except bedroom and the bathroom of inner room are low practical use degree. And wash space, garden space, assistant space of kitchen work were becoming hindrance factor of the residing environment because the use is irrational.

This study aimed at the design trends and characteristics of flexible housing unit plan. In this paper, flexible unit plans of 256 examples that are constructed or will be constructed from 1991 to 2005 on the basis of the initial year of dwelling are analyzed. Divided into 60$m^2$, 85$m^2$, 102$m^2$, 135$m^2$, 165$m^2$ and above 180$m^2$ areas, kinds, characteristics and trend of planning of flexible housing unit plan are analyzed with the frequency and percentage method. The results of this study are as follows; 16 types of flexible kinds; room and living roon/room and room/room, room and living room. Since 2000, various types of flexible planning have came into existence (12 types of 16 types). 3bay is next to 4bay in number of flexible housing planning. There are R/L type in 3bay, R/L type and R/R types in 4bay. Flexible space organization is differentiated various types in R/L and public-private space has expanded in many ways.

The purpose of this study is to provide the information of street planning for revitalization oft the community in urban detached housing area. This study was accomplished by observations and actual survey, and suggested several street planning methods; exclusion of the passing through car and control of the resident's car by one-way passage, protection of the parking area to inside individual lot by the ‘Break down Fence’ campaign in Daegu, and provide the common space for social contact and community According to this program, the public street space cant be changed into the semi-private space and the semi-public space as common territory.

The purpose of this study is to examine the transforming characteristics of village at the urban fringe, which are influenced by the urbanization. Three areas in the urban fringe are selected for the case study. The changed conditions in the spatial structure of those areas are reviewed through following factors : street system, an entrance of village, a boundary of village, community facility, development density, housing type, building use. The transforming characteristics are analyzed as a result of the research. In result, the community facility, development density, housing type and building use are changed largly in the transforming characteristics.

This research analyzes the types of resident's satisfaction and the preferred rental housing types in Gwangju. The results are summarized as follows : This study devided the characters of resident's satisfaction into four factors and classified the types of residents into three specific groups by the factors of resident's satisfaction : high dwelling density and management improvement demanding type, medium size and general satisfaction type, environmental improvement demanding type The first type includes the lowest income group and relatively high income group coincidently. They need wider living space or want improvement of the level of management service. The second type omnipresently satisfies not only medium sized living space but also other items. This type will be regarded as the inducement standard for the rental housing policy. The third type includes the lowest group in economic and physical level who wants the general upgrade of living space and management level. And, residents need long-term rental housing and wider housing area by 5 pyong.

The purpose of this study is to accumulate basic data to establish planning direction and planning factors for the environment-friendly apartment complex by clarifying general concept and mark of it. For this purpose, the field study has been conducted to the environment-friendly apartment complex in Korea and Japan. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) The basic concept of planning factors for environment-friendly apartment complex are natural harmony, improvement of residents' health ＆ amenity, energy ＆ resources saving and response to the social change. 2) For Japan, the planning factors and technical elements for the environment-friendly apartment complex were applied in the whole range of apartment complex with various and positive methods. For Korea, on the other hand, application of the planning factors of energy saving, resources saving and minimizing environment pollution was insufficient.

This study is a preference reversal about a policeman image and evaluation by roadside higher stories meeting dwelling pot to the center, and it is an examination, the thing that it analyzed by proposals. Preference anger Was high, and as for the results, the pot which I gave, and bronze was mixed, and formed the skyline with a change appeared with a height and a form of reveal a cross section in meeting dwelling pot star preference evaluation results cluster older brother contrariety. Also, it was arranged the parallel that older brother was parallel in the printing which was monotonous if I wore 1, and the pot that time a little shielding anger was high was evaluated because preference anger was low. Therefore, consideration about a the number of layers interval change must be in order a higher stories meeting dwelling pot reduces that I go for a closing of crossways in the future, and to be able to feel variety with a form enemy.

Considering the present outdoor environment of city landscapes, the improvement of well-formed street landscapes is very important issue in Korea. At this point of time, it is very meaningful to understand the outdoor advertising design and the planning condition of buildings and examine various problems about this and the possibilities for improvement. Thus the purpose of this study is to accumulate basic data to establish design guideline and visual factors for the outdoor advertising for useful environment. The conclusions of this study are as follows: outdoor advertising design is powerful design tools as identified to city landscape. Planning factors for outdoor advertising design should be developed systematically and more fit to the street environment and designers in the aspect of control and guidance.

The purpose of this study is to find out users' preference of the shares community space(SCS) for the Community Design. For this, it was analyzed the residents' behavior characteristics of the current multi-family housing and the residents' needs of the SCS. This study focused on seeking out the user-oriented design criteria for the planning of the SCS. The survey was carried out with a structured questionnaire including sketch map from Aug. 13, 2001 to Sept. 14, 2001. The subjects were housewives who's living in Haeuondae of Busan, Korea. Total number of 650 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Especially 439 cases among them were used for analysis of mental map. The SPSS PC＋ was used for the analysis of data. The results of this study are as follows : First, as to the users' behavior for the SCSs, there is a difference in the location of residents' activities by contents of them. And, the range of these locations categorized according to levels of spacial cognition for neighborhoods. Second, as to the analysis of the SCS through a mental maps, it was shown that the residents' pathway and the residents' location are main variables to be considered in the SCS planning. The preferred location of SCS is organized according to the character of the SCS; the one for most residents, is located the surrounding of main enterance or the center of the housing complex, and the one the neighbors living in the same or the near building is located in area of the block of resident buildings. Third, as the results of residents' needs analysis, the SCS has the meaning of community facilities. And there is a difference in the degree of necessity and in the preferred location according to character of the SCS. In detal, for the indoor SCS of a resident building, there is a difference in the preferred location according to the kinds of each SCS. And for the outdoor SCS, it is necessary to divide the planning zone of the SCS into 3 steps(the resident building, the block of resident buildings, and the housing complex).

We constructed ceiling structure and floor structure for elevation of sound insulation performance of concrete slab of apartment house. And, we wished to measure heavy floor impact sound level and light floor impact sound level of these structure. As the result, light floor impact sound level interception performance of concrete slab was measured by thing that construction work of gypsum baud is important. Heavy floor impact sound level interception performance was measured by thing that it is effective that construct to thickness about 30 millimeters on concrete Slav. It was measured effectively that heavy floor impact sound level interception performance constructs rubber chip to thickness about 30 millimeters on concrete Slav.

The purpose of this study is to investigate Residents' Neighborship in the Habitat Housing. It is also aimed to promote the community and community sense. Questionary methods and Direct interview were used for the survey of residents in the Habitat Housing. SPSS 10.0 program use for a statistical analysis. Most of the low-income bracket residential district has few public spaces. Habitat residential areas also have difficulties in taking various spaces because of the small scale and few people. According to the answer to the questions about Habitat residential problems, many people need public spaces. Consequently, multipurpose spaces must be made for the Habitat residents' neighborship and their good lives.

The purpose of this study is to identify the causes-effects of residential mobility and satisfaction. The research design employes a survey questionnaire for gathering a set of statistically-reasonable number of data among one million population of Ulsan metropolitan city. To make it more concrete, the attentions to be taken are on establishing (1) motives for moving (2) satisfaction factors in living, and (3) a relationship between houses and their environmental characteristics and the degree of satisfactions by them. The results of empirical analyses provide the following major findings: The most significant house-moving motivations were to achieve living-space at an affordable size or as wide as possible and to gain access to a comfortable and convenient environment. Per the residential satisfaction, highly respected factors were having good neighbors and active interactions with them and having good cooling-heating conditions, sunny rooms, and less noise and air pollution. Finally, the relation of house and its environment with the satisfaction indicated the following significant two: The higher the satisfaction, the shorter the duration of living and the history of construction. The less the satisfaction, the smaller the size of house and/or its complex.

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of housing product through housebuilders' strategies. As a methodology for this study, literature survey and questionnaire survey were used. Questionnaires were delivered on mail to 232 housing-builders and return rate was 34.1％. In summary, housing product was characterized long gestation period, periodically building cycle, future uncertainty of market volatility, maximization of land development gain, utilization of public fund for continuous building activity, moral hazard by accidental bankruptcy. Therefore private housebuilding could be defined speculative industry.

This paper aimes to analyse the housing market of Ulsan, that changed for Metroplolitan city in 1997. For the housing policy we need sufficient informations on the housing market appeared during the last five years. As a result, we can describe its housing market in a uniform way: Ulsan, compared with other cities, doesn't show varieties in households, housing type, housing conditions etc.. Concerning the housing preference, the results of our survey also show the uniformity. And the price of apartment in Ulsan moves relatively slowly to other cities.

This study aims to investigate the actual conditions of housing consumer problems through analyzing the counseling cases of Consumer Union of Korea at Jeonnam Province. During 5 years between 1998 and 2002, about 500 counseling cases of every year were analyzed for this study. Housing consumer counseling cases were categorized by 5. And five years' transition of housing counseling problems was analyzed by 5 categories. The reason of a call for consumer counsel and the result of counsel were analyzed by time serial. This study suggested some ideas for a resolution of housing consumer problems.

Condominium management ask for planning ability and special knowledge in order to solve the troubles of a condominium. But not all HOA have that ability or knowledge, so administration support to condominium management came to be given to HOA. In this study, we divided the administration policies on condominium management as follows;$\circled1$instruction about an advertisement and a contract$\circled2$instruction about management$\circled3$instruction about maintenance $\circled4$ instruction by the local government $\circled5$ legislation about condominium management. The condominium management policy has been almost programmed by the state, such as legal amendments to laws and advises by administrative inspection. But these condominium management policies by the state have limitations to support HOA appropriately, so correspondence of the local government is called for, On the other hand, in the local governments, grasp basic contents for execution to the condominium management policy, an information of offering and consultation has been started. And system that suits the situation and the characteristic of each district was provided. However it could not say that we grasp the tendency of the condominium management policies wholly of the local governments, so it remains as a subject because it is not long since condominium management policies of the local government started, and we picked up only metropolis in this study. In the future, it is necessary to search on the consciousness of a resident and the HOA about the condominium management policy, and make out the data which can be reflected in policy deployment in the local governments from now on. ＊ HOA ‥‥ Home Owners Association

In this study, we purpose to indicate the concept of the Greenery Management System with resident participation at Experimental Housing NEXT21 as the mechanism that residents participate to the management of greenery independently, In this paper we clarified the whole process of the examination of the management rule by the analysis of the records of the process of the examination of the management rule from September 1999 to march 2002, and then we examined the possibility of the Greenery Management System with resident participation at Experimental Housing NEXT21

Since the contents of large-scale repair of a condominium were various, a plan document was not prepared. The owners association of the condominium has given priority to decision-making of price priority over quality. Examination is not performed about the contents of the construction supervision business, which checks whether suitable construction is performed, either. On the other hand, the know-how for builders, such as decision of the process plan under which the repair work lessens influence to the safety and life as much as possible since the place where the resident is living turns into a construction site, and selection of a method of construction, is just going to ask. It is an important subject how the structure of the construction contractor selection, which considered quality, is built. Then, this research focuses on large-scale repair construction of the condominium, and arranges the actual condition of a series of processes from plan document creation to construction supervision. The method of research collects the construction documents of the condominium that carried out Barge-scale repair construction. Next, collection arrangement of the data of construction builder selection is carried out. The method of the construction builder selection of those other than a construction price is examined. The method of quality control of large-scale repair construction is examined.

In Japan, the vacancy rates of office buildings have been at high in big cities since 1992. This problem is especially acute in Tokyo, where it is estimated that over 2.27 million square meters of office floor area will be oversupplied in 2003: big urban redevelopment projects will be completed in 2003. Under these circumstances, International Cooperative Research and Development on Sustainable Urban Management by Conversion of Buildings, called “SUMCOB”, has been carried out. This research aims to regenerate urban areas by converting redundant offices into flats, although instances of conversion are still very few in Japan. This paper introduces part of current results by SUMCOB, and discusses legal problems with conversion and basic capacity of vacant offices in Tokyo. It has been confirmed that there are no constraints concerned with Real Estate Registration Law (although it requires the change of the registration after conversion). and City Planning Law. However, some criteria are incompatible with Building Standard Law and Fire Service Law if the use of the building is changed from offices to flats. Typical incompatibility between offices and flats is lightening. If the buildings do not satisfy criteria for flats, the cost of renovation works for conversion will increase. To examine the basic capacity of vacant office buildings for conversion, field surveys in Tokyo have carried out at three areas: Kodenmacho (Chuo-ku), Toranomon (Minato-ku), and Iwamonocho (Chiyoda-ku). They are typical office areas that are included in center core of Tokyo. In Chuo-ku, the oldest commercial area in Tokyo, textile merchants have been located their headquarters. In Minato-ku, many rental office buildings have been located and several large scale redevelopments are advancing. Chiyoda-ku includes Marunouchi area, which is the prime office area in Japan. Thirty percent of the buildings in survey areas suffer from over twenty percent vacant floor rate, and fifty five percent were constructed before 1990. Especially most of buildings over forty percent vacant floor rate were constructed in 1980s. Vacant office problems haven't been seen in old buildings in Tokyo yet. The number of dwelling units made from office space will influence the conversion scheme. Seventy percent of the office buildings in survey areas have floor area of less than two hundred square meters. If they have been subdivided into two bedrooms type or three bedrooms type, the number of dwelling units in a floor would be less than three. The difficulty of conversion planning derives from frontage size, depth size, and their proportion. The five categories are proposed to grasp actual requirements for converting offices into flats.

Urban style row-rise houses for rent have been supplied to the center of city from the 1950's first half The amount of stock is about 450,000 houses and occupies about 40％ in the private rented house. As for the structure, the 60％ of them is wooden-structure and the rest is non-wooden. Stocks of 57.5％ of the wooden-structure and 86％ of the non-wooden were built after 1981 years. It was 1981 years that the new earthquake-resistant standard was carried out, the improvement of stocks built before 1981 is necessary because those don't satisfy the present standard. To investigate the renovation possibility of urban style row-rise houses for rent, actual situation of two-story apartment at 2,4, and 5 Chome Taito-Ku in Tokyo was surveyed from July to November 2001. The number of building analyzed is 227 ridges among 234 ridges of the surveyed two-story building. 90％ of building analyzed is wooden structure. 1) The site of 88％ building surveyed is close to a road less than 4m width. It becomes the existing non-conformed building in the building construction act. It is impossible to make a renovation such as rebuilding, extension and remodeling because it requires the set back when renovating this type of non-conformed building, 2) The building built before 1981 is almost wooden-structure, and occupies 37％ of the building surveyed, and doesn't satisfy the present earthquake-resistant standard. An improvement of them is needed because the decrepitude of building proceeds. 3) 50％ of openings and 40％ of windows of the building surveyed doesn't use noncombustible materials. Though it becomes the existing non-conformed building, it can satisfy the present standard by replacing openings with noncombustible materials.

Marketing ventilation fan 3 kinds been using in kitchen of apartment house into compensation discharge performance of contaminant measure. When propane gas burns by gas table, did waste heat into measurement compensation with carbon dioxide that it happens. In measured all type of exhaust fan, discharge performance of carbon dioxide and waste heat was high there are been much displacement. Among A, B, C three types, performance of A type exhaust fan was most superior and performance of C type exhaust fan was most poor

To design mechanical ventilation for bathroom of apartment houses where air supply and exhaust are taken Into consideration, mock-ups of ventilation systems, widely used in bathroom of apartment houses with an area of 100$m^2$, were made and installed in a laboratory, These ventilation mock-ups were available for control of air supply and exhaust, and the size of supply openings were 40cm$\times$1cm, 40cm$\times$3cm, 40cm$\times$5cm. They were installed at five positions, spaced 40cm at a height of 25cm from the floor. and the position of exhaust fans were four corners and center Exhaust fan established each one on corner of the ceiling and one in center. As result that measure ventilation effect by each condition, size of hole that supply air is big, and ventilation effect took effect to be good establishment location is low, Also, distance of exhaust fan is far with hole that supply air, ventilation effect took effect by superior thing.

All the outdoor and indoor spaces are connected with each other. The human being moves toward those spaces and experiences temperature fluctuation between the natural and artificial temperature. We conducted an experiment which subjects are the college students wearing the data logger in urban life, and measured 24 hours' exposed temperature and thermal comfort in summer. Results were as follows. 1. Most subjects get weather information(84.6％). Fashion(46.2％) and weather (30.8％) are the reasons to select clothes. They spend their time in indoor environment for 84.92％ hours of a day and have an air-conditioner(61.5％) in their houses. 2. Exposed temperature fluctuation were from 33.8$^{\circ}C$ to 15.6$^{\circ}C$. The median value of experienced temperature were 26-27$^{\circ}C$ and average temperature was 26.3$^{\circ}C$. Subjects experienced cold shock of 3.96 times in a day and 67.21％ of all evaluated thermal comfort in the range of -1 and 1 by ASHRAE 7 Category Scales. Artificial environment which connected with outside let people experienced temperature fluctuation in wide range.

The Purpose of this study Is to investigate Open Housing design methods on multi-family housing in the Netherlands and Finland. This study is based on the several actual field survey through visiting eight sites in the netherlands and Finland. we found a lot of design items applied to the Holland and Finnish multi-family housing for Open Housing. Open Housing design items are user participation design, layout flexibility, finishes selection, flexible utilities, interior components and use of modular grid.

Recent demographic changes have increased the heterogeneity of user groups in the housing market. Smaller households(e.g. elderly, single parent) have non-traditional spatial requirements that cannot be accommodated within the conventional house layout. This has created renewed interest in Demountable/Flexible housing systems. However, the process by which designers decide which project or user groups are most suited for the use of these systems is quite often complex, uncertain and dynamic, since the decisions involve natural processes and human values that are apparently random. This study is a proposal on the design process model for the flexibility of apartment.