• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.807-819
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• 2012

To evaluate the functional characteristic and availability for drinking of the fermented Smilax china leaf tea by using different microbial species, various fermented leaf tea was prepared by non-fermentation (C), or the fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S), Bacillus sp. (B), Bifidobacterium bifidus (L), Monascus pilosus (M) and Aspergilus oryzae (A), and sensory and antioxidant parameter of each brewed tea was observed. The color of the A tea was red, but the other teas were yellow in color. Furthermore, the aesthetic quality of the A and M tea was 3.95 and 3.30 point, respectively, and other teas (2.55~2.28) were similar to that of the C tea. TP of fermented tea water extract was lower than that of the C, although TF was not significantly different between the fermented and non-fermented tea. Especially, TF of the A tea was significantly lower than those of the other teas. The range of EDA ($1mg/m{\ell}$) of water and ethanol extracts of tea C and the fermented teas was 19.25~22.48%; however, tea A was only 8.04~12.49%. In addition, FRAP, FICA and LPOIA of teas were not significantly different between the fermented and non-fermented teas. On the other hand, XOIA and AOIA of tea ethanol extracts were slightly higher than those of water extracts. XOIA of water extract derived from the teas was 4.83~9.20%, while ethanol extract of these was 9.00~19.00%. However, XOIA of B and L teas water extract was not detected. Furthermore, AOIA of fermented tea water extract (30.17~48.52%) were lower than those of ethanol extract (44.09~66.93%). In this study, interestingly, antioxidant parameters, such as FRAP, FICA, LPOIA and AOIA, of the A tea water extract (0.1%) was higher than that of the other tea in spite of high decreasing rate in the contents of TP and TF. Therefore, above results imply the possibility of fermented Smilax china leaf tea as a functional food.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

1bis study investigated the antioxidative effect in kidney of senescence-accelerated prone SAMP8 mice with calorie restriction. 4-weeks-old SAMP8 female mice were divided into 4 groups according to the experimental feeding period: for 4, 8, 12 month, and at natural death. Each group was subdivided into 2 groups, with thirteen mice each one, as ad libitum group and as dietary restriction group (60% of ad libitum feeding amount). After feeding for a given period, the mice were sacrificed to get the following results: among the experimental groups, there wereno significant differences in xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in their kidney tissues. The contents of cytochrome $P_{450}$ decreased in ad libitum group and dietary restriction group by age. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome $P_{450}$ reductase showed a trend similar to cytochrome $P_{450}$. Superoxide radical content increased with age. At the 4th, 8th and 12 months of the experimental period, the activity in the dietary restriction group was less than that of ad libitum group by as much as 17% 14% and 14% respectively. For hydrogen peroxide, the contents were increased in the ad libitum group with age, while no correlation between content and age was observed in the dietary restriction group. In the 8th and 12th months of the experimental period, the were in the dietary restriction group less than that of ad libitum group counterpart as much as 17% and 20o/c, respectively. For the cellular membrane stability of the kidney, no significant correlation with age was observed in either the dietary restriction group or the ad libitum group. However at the 12th month of the experiment, however, the stability in the dietary restriction group was 11 % higher than that in the ad libitum group. In conclusion, with these results obtained from the SAMP8 mouse model, we demonstrate that dietary restriction has the effects of anti-oxidation and anti-senescence in the kidney.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate major agronomical characterization and phenol compound contents, Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (XO), Catalase activity, Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical sacvenging activity were analyzed in colored waxy corns. The mean of stem height and ear length were 248.8 cm and 18.6 cm, respectively. The pericarp thickness in CNU108 $(30.3{\mu}m)$ was thinner than other hybrids. The period of tasseling days in CNU69 and CNU202 were very shorter than other hybrids (59 days). 100-kernel weight of CNU50 was 35.6 g and heavier than the others. The antioxidant activities such as xanthin oxidase (XO), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in CNU70 and CNUI 38. Especially highest EDA (electron donating ability) in DPPH radical scavenging effect was 94.8% and 94.6% in CNU160 and CNU193, respectively. In the results, the antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant acticity were higher in CNU109 and CNU 34 hybrids. The hybrids, CNU34, CNU70, CNU108, CNU 138 and CNU193 may be considered higher functional color waxy corn.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2005

Physiological functionalities of water and ethanol extracts from Basil were determined. The concentration of total phenolic compounds of the water and ethanol extracts were $286.0\;{\mu}g/ml$, $250.0\;{\mu}g/ml$. Antioxidant activities of Basil extracts were determined using 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cations (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radicals (DPPH), antioxidant protection factor and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The total antioxidant activities of Basil extracts using ABTS were 96.8% in the water extracts and 94.7% in the ethanol extract, DPPH were 87.0%, 93.9%, PF were 0.69, 1.16 and TBARS were $0.2{\times}10^{-3}\;{\mu}M,\;0.6{\times}10^{-3}\;{\mu}M$. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Basil were higher in ethanol extracts (99.7%, 100.0%) than those of water extracts (39.9%, 54.7%). Phenolic profiles in Basil extracts were analyzed using HPLC. The result was that among the 6 phenolics, rosemarinic acid was the highest in ethanol extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1701-1708
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• 2014

Phenolic compounds, physiological properties, and digestive enzyme inhibitory effect of 70% ethanol extracts from Aster scaber with different extraction methods (stirrer extraction, SE; reflux extraction, RE; autoclave extraction, AE; low temperature high pressure extraction, LTPE; ultrasonification extraction, USE) were investigated. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents in LTPE were significantly higher than those of other extracts. The amount of substances related to cynarin (1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) was highest in USE (34.34 mg/g), followed by LTPE (33.83 mg/g), RE (32.27 mg/g), AE (25.40 mg/g), and SE (18.17 mg/g). Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside) were highest in AE and LTPE, respectively. Xanthine oxidase, angiotensin- I converting enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and acetylcholin esterase inhibitory activities of LTPE and USE at a concentration of 50 mg% (w/v) were somewhat higher than those of other extracts. The ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, trypsin and lipase activities showed the same tendency as physiological properties (concentration of 500 mg%, w/v). Additionally, there was significantly higher or slightly lower inhibitory activity compared to the control group. These results suggest that extracts from Aster scaber have potential to act as functional materials, and LTPE and USE are superior for the enhancement of biological activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2009

In vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, whitening, anti-hangover and anticancer activities were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and H. pluvialis extract were significantly higher than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol when the antioxidant activities were determined as xanthine oxidase inhibition, hydroxyl radical scavenging and DPPH radical scavenging. The whitening effect of H. pluvialis extract was about two times as kojic acid. H. pluvialis extract indicated an anticancer activity on a cervical cancer cell line. Astaxanthin showed anti-hangover effect of 1.5 times as jiguja extract. The anti-hangover effect of the inclusion complex (As-$\beta$-CD) was about 1.2 times of jiguja extract. And, the inclusion complex of Haematococcus pluvialis (H.p.-$\beta$-CD) showed almost the same whitening effect as kojic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.319-326
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) and selenium(Se) levels on alcohol metabolic enzyme system in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed on diets containing one of the three levels of Met(0, 3, 9g/kg diet) with or without Se(0.45mg/kg diet). Alcohol was administrated with 25%(v/v) ethanol orally at the same time once a day in alcohol group and isocaloric sucrose was administrated to the control group. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 week of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS) activities of hepatic tissuedom were increased more in alcohol treated groups than control group. Increment of activities preinated in simultaneous deficiency of dietary Met and Se(LMet-Se+EtOH) group. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) activity was decreased more in alcohol treated groups than control group and significantly decreased in Met and Se supplemented(NMet+Se+EtOH) group. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and xanthine oxidase(XO) activity were significantly increased in alcohol treated groups Compared to control group and predominated in Met deficiency(LMet) group and excessive Met administration (HMet) group. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities tended to increase by alcohol administration, the degree of increase predominated in 10 week. The activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was decreased in alcohol groups and tended to increase in proportion to the level of dietary Met.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.252-258
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities and physiological properties of Euphorbia humifusa extracts prepared using three different solvents (water, ethanol, and methanol). The highest total polyphenol content (293.25 mg/100 g) and total flavonoid content (21.05 mg/100 g) were observed in the methanol extract. The content of substances related to proanthocyanidin were highest in the water extract (8.42 mg/100 g), followed by methanol (5.70 mg/100 g) and ethanol (5.39 mg/100 g) extracts. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the methanol extract were 91.72% and 85.83%, respectively, at 50 mg% concentrations, which were higher than those of the other extracts. The extract reducing power decreased in the following order: ethanol > methanol > water. The methanol extract had relatively high antioxidant activity. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the methanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg% were somewhat higher than the other extracts. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity in the water extract was slightly higher than in the methanol and water extracts. These results indicated that Euphorbia humifusa extracts were a high-value food ingredient due to their antioxidant activities and nutritional value.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

Objectives : In this paper, we tested the applicability of shell from Persicae semen in cosmetics through cosmeceutical activities including anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : Persicae semen, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the cosmeceutical activity measurement of function experiment. Results : In the electron donating ability test, 1,000ppm of EPS (ethanol extract of shell from Persicae semen) showed an effect of 87%. SOD-like activities showed 93% at the 10,000ppm of WPS (water extract of shell from Persicae semen). In the xanthine oxidase inhibition test, 1,000ppm of BHA showed an effect of 27%, while EPS showed an effect of 62%. We were able to get an effect of 95% from EPS at 10,000 ppm in the tyrosinase inhibition test. In the anti-inflammatory test, the EPS inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. In the case of the EPS, there were no signs of cytotoxicity against raw 264.7 and anti-inflammatory effects could be identified when the manifestation of iNOS was decreased. Conclusion : Therefore, the EPS has potential as an effective raw materials for cosmetic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.885-890
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• 2010

This study was conducted to confirm the application as ingredients of cosmetics through an examination of the function for anti-oxidant activity of the fraction isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis leaves. The dried leaf of Pyrus ussuriensis were extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (6:4, v/v), concentrated and fractionated with the upper layer of acetone on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of acetone soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents and also used the MIC-gel using a series of aqueous methanol as developing solvent. The isolated compounds were identified by silica-gel TLC. The concentration of total phenolic compound of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fraction was high, 914 mg/g. The results obtained from the analyses of the anti-oxidanat effects of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate fraction can be summarized as follows: In the result of DPPH scavenging radical activity, Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fraction showed more than 80% at 100 ppm. SOD-like activity of one of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fractions was 77% at 1000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase inhibition of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fraction was 38% at 100 ppm. From these results, we confirmed that acetate fraction of Pyrus ussuriensis has a great potential as a natural ingredients with a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source.