Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2012.25.4.807

Antioxidative Activity of Smilax china L. Leaf Teas Fermented by Different Strains  

Lee, Sang-Il (Dept. of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Arts, Keimyung College)
Lee, Ye-Kyung (Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University)
Kim, Soon-Dong (Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University)
Kang, Yun Hwan (Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University)
Suh, Joo Won (Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition / v.25, no.4, 2012 , pp. 807-819 More about this Journal
Abstract
To evaluate the functional characteristic and availability for drinking of the fermented Smilax china leaf tea by using different microbial species, various fermented leaf tea was prepared by non-fermentation (C), or the fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S), Bacillus sp. (B), Bifidobacterium bifidus (L), Monascus pilosus (M) and Aspergilus oryzae (A), and sensory and antioxidant parameter of each brewed tea was observed. The color of the A tea was red, but the other teas were yellow in color. Furthermore, the aesthetic quality of the A and M tea was 3.95 and 3.30 point, respectively, and other teas (2.55~2.28) were similar to that of the C tea. TP of fermented tea water extract was lower than that of the C, although TF was not significantly different between the fermented and non-fermented tea. Especially, TF of the A tea was significantly lower than those of the other teas. The range of EDA ($1mg/m{\ell}$) of water and ethanol extracts of tea C and the fermented teas was 19.25~22.48%; however, tea A was only 8.04~12.49%. In addition, FRAP, FICA and LPOIA of teas were not significantly different between the fermented and non-fermented teas. On the other hand, XOIA and AOIA of tea ethanol extracts were slightly higher than those of water extracts. XOIA of water extract derived from the teas was 4.83~9.20%, while ethanol extract of these was 9.00~19.00%. However, XOIA of B and L teas water extract was not detected. Furthermore, AOIA of fermented tea water extract (30.17~48.52%) were lower than those of ethanol extract (44.09~66.93%). In this study, interestingly, antioxidant parameters, such as FRAP, FICA, LPOIA and AOIA, of the A tea water extract (0.1%) was higher than that of the other tea in spite of high decreasing rate in the contents of TP and TF. Therefore, above results imply the possibility of fermented Smilax china leaf tea as a functional food.
Keywords
Smilax china L.; fermentation; antioxidant activity; xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity; aldehyde oxidase inhibitory activity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ali S, Pawa S, Naime M, Prasad R, Ahmad T, Farooqui H, Zafar H. 2008. Role of mammalian cytosolic molybdenum Fe-S flavin hydroxylases in hepatic injury. Life Sci 82:780-788   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Arakawa H, Maeda M, Okubo S, Shimamura T. 2004. Role of hydrogen peroxide in bactericidal action of catechin. Biol Pharm Bull 27:277-281   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Bana JY, Choa SO, Koh SB, Song KS, Bae KW, Seong YH. 2006. Protection of amyloid protein (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity by methanol extract of Smilacis chinae rhizome in cultured rat cortical neurons. J Ethnopharmacol 106:230-237   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Banerjee A, Dasgupta N, De B. 2005. In vitro study of antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini fruit. Food Chem 90: 727-733   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Barr JT, Jones JP. 2011. Inhibition of human liver aldehyde oxidase: Implications for potential drug-drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 39:2381-2386   DOI
6 Benzie IF, Strain JJ. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239:70-76   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199-1200   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Carr MC. 2003. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2404-2411   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Cha BC, Lee EH. 2007. Antioxidant activities of flavonoids from the leaves of Smilax china Linne. Kor J Pharmacogn 38: 31-36   과학기술학회마을
10 Chen CH, Chan HC, Chang YN, Liu BL, Chen YS. 2000. Effects of bacterial strains on sensory quality of Pu-erh tea in an improved pile-fermentation process. J Sens Stud 24: 534-553
11 Chen Y, Wang Q, Li B, Li L, Pan LN, Huang Y. 2008. Study on identification and quality for Smilax china L. of compound gout granules. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine 4:237-239
12 Chena L, Yina H, Lanb Z, Maa S, Zhanga C, Yanga Z, Li P, Linc B. 2011. Anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of Smilax china L. J Ethnopharmacol 135:399-405   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Choi CH, Song ES, Kim SJ, Kang MH. 2003. Antioxidative activities of Castanea crenata Flos. methanol extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35:1216-1220   과학기술학회마을
14 Choi HY. 2004. Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of Smilax china leaf. Korean J Sanitation 19:22-30   과학기술학회마을
15 Dambrova M, Uhlen S, Welch CJ, Wikberg JES. 1998. Identification of an N-hydroxyguanidine reducing activity of xanthine oxidase. Eur J Biochem 257:178-184   DOI   ScienceOn
16 De Haan JB, Cristiano F, Iannello RC, Kola I. 1995. Cu/Znsuperoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase during aging. Biochem Mol Biol Int 35:1281-1297
17 Dinis TCP, Madeira VMC, Almeida LM. 1994. Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-amino salicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 315: 161-169   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Halliwell B. 2006. Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. J Neurochem 59:1609-1623
19 Fabre G, Seither R, Goldman D. 1986. Hydroxylation of 4-aminoantifolates by partially purified aldehyde oxidase from rabbit liver. Biochem Pharmacol 35:1325-1330   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Garattini E, Fratelli M, Terao M. 2009. The mammalian aldehyde oxidase gene family. Human Genomics 4:119-130
21 Hashim MS, Lincy S, Remya V, Teena M, Anila L. 2005. Effect of polyphenolic compounds from Coriandrum sativum on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in human lymphocytes. Food Chem 92:653-660   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Herbert A, Jeol LS. 1993. Sensory Evaluation Practices. 2nd ed. pp.68-94. Academic Press
23 Holasova M, Fiedlerova V, Smrcinova H, Orsak M, Lachman J, Vavreinova S. 2002. Buckwheat the source of antioxidant activity in functional foods. Food Res Int 35:207-211   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Hur SJ, Ye BW, Lee JL, Ha YL, Park GB, Joo ST. 2004. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on color and lipid oxidation of beef patties during cold storage. Meat Sci 66:771-775   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Itoh K. 2009. Individual and strain differences of aldehyde oxidase in the rat. Yakugaku Zasshi 129:1487-1493   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Jeon SM, Bok SH, Jang MK, Lee MK, Nam KT, Park YB, Rhee SJ, Choi MS. 2001. Antioxidative activity of naringin and lovastatin in high cholesterol-fed rabbits. Life Sci 69:2855- 2866   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Kang YH, Park YK, Oh SR, Moon KD. 1995. Studies on the physiological functionality of pine needle and mugwort extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 27:978-984   과학기술학회마을
28 Ko MS, Yang JB. 2011. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Smilax china leaf extracts. Korean J Food Preserv 18: 764-772   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Kato S, Kawase T, Alderman J, Inatomi N, Lieber C. 1990. Role of xanthine oxidase in ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Gastroenterology 98:203-210   DOI
30 Kitamura S, Sugihara K, Ohta S. 2006. Drug-metabolizing ability of molybdenum hydroxylases. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 21:83-98   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Krenitsky TA. 1978. Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidasefunctional and evolutionary relationships. Biochem Pharmacol 27:2763-2764   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Kundu TK, Hille R, Velayutham M, Zweier JL. 2007. Characterization of superoxide production from aldehyde oxidase: an important source of oxidants in biological tissues. Arch Biochem Biophys 460:113-121   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Lee MY, No HK, Kim SD, Prinyawiwatkul W. 2007. Quality of Chungkukjangs prepared with various Bacillus strains. Int J Food Sci Technol 42:587-592   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Lee YK, Lee SI, Kim JS, Yang SH, Lee IA, Kim SD, Suh JW. 2012. Antioxidant activity of green tea fermented with Monascus pilosus. J Appl Biol Chem 55:19-25   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Maia L, Mira L. 2002. Xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase: A simple procedure for the simultaneous purification from rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 400:48-53   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Meda A, Lamien CE, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma OG. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in burkina fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chem 91:571-577   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Nasako Y, Takahashi S, Suda M, Hiroishi K, Hada T, Higashino K. 1993. In vitro oxidation of pyrazinamide and allopurinol by rat liver aldehyde oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 46:975-981   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Minussi RC, Rossi M, Bologna L, Cordi L, Rotilio D, Pastore GM, Duran N. 2003. Phenolic compounds and total antioxidant potential of commercial wines. Food Chem 82:409-416   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Mira L, Maia L, Barreira L, Manso CF. 1995. Evidence for free radical generation due to NADH oxidation by aldehyde oxidase during ethanol metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 318:53-58   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Moon SH, Lee MK, Chae KS. 2001. Inhibitory effects of the solvent fractions from persimmon leaves on xanthine oxidase activity. Kor J Food Nutr 14:120-125
41 Neumeier M, Weigert J, Schaaffler A, Weiss TS, Schmidl C, Buuttner R, Bollheimer C, Aslanidis C, Schoolmerich J, Buechler C. 2006. Aldehyde oxidase 1 is highly abundant in hepatic steatosis and is downregulated by adiponectin and fenofibric acid in hepatocytes in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 350:731-735   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Ngure MF, Wanyokob JK, Mahungua SM, Shitandia AA. 2009. Catechins depletion patterns in relation to theaflavin and thearubigins formation. Food Chem 115:8-14   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Osawa T. 1994. Novel natural antioxidant for utilization in food and biological system. In Postharvest Biochemistry of Plant Food Material in the Tropics. pp.241-251. Japan Scientific Societies Press
44 Owuor PO, Obanda M, Nyirenda HE, Mphangwe NIK, Wright LP, Apostolides Z. 2006. The relationship between some chemical parameters and sensory evaluations for plain black tea (Camellia sinensis) produced in Kenya and comparison with similar teas from Malawi and South Africa. Food Chem 97:644-653   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Rajagopalan KV, Fridovich I, Handler P. 1962. Hepatic aldehyde oxidase. I. Purification and properties. J Biol Chem 237: 922-928
46 Park GY, Lee SJ, Lim JG. 1997. Effects of green tea catechin on cytochrome p450, xanthine oxidase activities in liver and liver damage in streptozveocin induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26:901-907
47 Pirouzpanah S, Hanaee J, Razavieh SV, Rashidi MR. 2009. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on aldehyde oxidase activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 24:14-21   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Pirouzpanah S, Rashidi MR, Delazar A, Razavieh SV, Hamidi A. 2006. Inhibitory effects of Ruta graveolens L. extract on guinea pig liver aldehyde oxidase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 54:9-13   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Rashidi MR, Beedham C, Smith JS, Davaran S. 2007. In vitro study of 6-mercaptopurine oxidation catalysed by aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Drug Metab Pharmacok 22: 299-306   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Rashidi MR, Nazemiyeh H. 2010. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on molybdenum hydroxylases activity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 6:133-152   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Reiter S, Simmonds HA, Zöollner N, Braun SL, Knedel M. 1990. Demonstration of a combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in xanthinuric patients not forming oxipurinol. Clin Chim Acta 187:221-234   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Ruan HL, Zhang YH, Zhao W, Tan YF, Sun ZL, Wu JZ. 2002. Studies on the chemical constituents of Smilax china L. Natural Product Research and Development 14:35-36
53 Sahinoglu T, Stevens CR, Bhatt B, Blake DR. 1996. The role of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory disease: Evaluation of methodology. Methods 9:628-634   DOI   ScienceOn
54 Shu XS, Gao ZH, Yang XL. 2006. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Smilax china L. aqueous extract. J Ethnopharmacol 103:327-32   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Saieed P, Reza RM, Abbas D, Seyyedvali R, Aliasghar H. 2006. Inhibitory effects of Ruta graveolens L. extract on guinea pig liver aldehyde oxidase. Chem Pharm Bull 54:9-13   DOI   ScienceOn
56 Shao B, Guo H, Cui Y, Ye M, Han J, Guo D. 2007. Steroidal saponins from Smilax china and their anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochem 68:623-630   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Shaw S, Jayatilleke E. 1990. The role of aldehyde oxidase in ethanol-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation in the rat. Biochem J 268:579-583   DOI
58 Song HS, Park YH, Jung SH, Kim DP, Jung YH, Lee MK, Moon KY. 2006. Antioxidant activity of extracts from Smilax china root. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35:1133-1138   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
59 Stirpe F, Della Corte E. 1969. The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. Conversion in vitro of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase (type D) to oxidase (type O). J Biol Chem 244:3855-3863
60 Stoddart AM, Levine WG. 1992. Azoreductase activity by purified rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 43:2227- 2235   DOI   ScienceOn
61 Tayama Y, Sugihara K, Sanoh S, Miyake K, Morita S, Kitamura S, Ohta S. 2010. Effect of tea beverages on aldehyde oxidase activity. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 26:94-101
62 Torel J, Gillard J, Gillard P. 1986. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxy radical. Phytochem 25:383-385   DOI   ScienceOn
63 Wright RM, McManaman JL, Repine JE. 1999. Alcohol-induced breast cancer: a proposed mechanism. Free Rad Biol Med 26:348-354   DOI   ScienceOn
64 Turner NA, Doyle WA, Ventom AM, Bray RC. 1995. Properties of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase and the relationship of the enzyme to xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem 232:646-657   DOI   ScienceOn
65 Ueda O, Sugihara K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. 2005. Involvement of molybdenum hydroxylases in reductive metabolism of nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mammalian skin. Drug Metab Dispos 33:1312-1318   DOI   ScienceOn
66 Weigert J, Neumeier M, Bauer S, Mages W, Schnitzbauer AA, Obed A, Grooschl B, Hartmann A, Schaaffler A, Aslanidis C, Schoolmerich J, Buechler C. 2008. Small-interference RNA-mediated knock-down of aldehyde oxidase 1 in 3T3-L1 cells impairs adipogenesis and adiponectin release. FEBS Lett 582:2965-2972   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Wright RM, Repine JE. 1997. The human molybdenum hydroxylase gene family: co-conspirators in metabolic free-radical generation and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 25:799-804   DOI
68 Wu LS, Wang, XJ, Wang H, Yang HW, Jia AQ, Ding Q. 2010. Cytotoxic polyphenols against breast tumor cell in Smilax china L. J Ethnopharmacol 130:460-464   DOI   ScienceOn
69 Xu Y, Liang JY, Zou ZM. 2008. Studies on chemical constituents of rhizomes of Smilax china L. China. J Chinese Materia Medica 21:119-121
70 Yamaguchi Y, Matsumura T, Ichida K, Okamoto K, Nishino T. 2007. Human xanthine oxidase changes its substrate specificity to aldehyde oxidase type upon mutation of amino acid residues in the active site: roles of active site residues in binding and activation of purine substrate. J Biochem 141:513-524   DOI   ScienceOn
71 Zuo YG, Chen H, Deng YW. 2002. Simultaneous determination of catechins, caffeine and gallic acids in green, oolong, black and pu-erh teas using HPLC with a photodiode array detector. Talanta 57:307-313   DOI   ScienceOn
72 Yee SB, Pritsos CA. 1997. Comparison of oxygen radical generation from the reductive activation of doxorubicin, streptonigrin, and menadione by xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 347:235-241   DOI   ScienceOn