• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.375-387
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• 2022

One of the latest teaching strategies is smart classroom teaching. Teaching is carried out with the assistance of smart teaching technologies to improve teacher-student contact, increase students' learning autonomy, and give fresh ideas for the fulfillment of students' deep learning. Computer-based technology has improved students' language learning and significantly motivating them to continue learning while also stimulating their creativity and enthusiasm. However, the difficulties and barriers that many EFL instructors are faced on seeking to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) into their instruction have raised discussions and concerns regarding ICT's real worth in the language classroom. This is a case study that includes observations in the classroom, field notes, interviews, and written materials. In EFL classrooms, both computer-based and non-computer-based activities were recorded and analyzed. The main instrument in this study was a survey questionnaire comprising 43 items, which was used to examine the efficiency of ICT integration in teaching and learning in public schools in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 101 questionnaires were delivered, while each responder being requested to read the statements provided. The total number of respondents for this study was 101 teachers from Kuala Lumpur's public secondary schools. The questionnaire was randomly distributed to respondents with a teaching background. This study indicated the accuracy of utilizing Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) in analyzing the survey results and potential for students to learn English as a foreign language using computers. Also, the usage of foreign language may be improved if real computer-based activities are introduced into the lesson.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-185
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify the influence relationship between positive psychological capital, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of tourism guides, and to provide implications through empirical research to increase the capabilities of tourism guides that are a factor in the performance of planned travel products Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted an empirical survey using the google online questionnaire. It was directly surveyed, distributed, and collected from workers who were or were performing tourism guide duties in Asia and Europe, and 203 questionnaires were used for analysis. The empirical survey was conducted in a self-written manner through a simple random sampling method, and the statistical package was conducted with frequency analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, and correlation analysis using the spss 21.0 program. Findings - First, among the positive psychological capital factors, two factors, hope and optimism, have a significant positive (+) effect on job satisfaction. Second, among the positive psychological capital factors, two factors, self-efficacy and optimism, have a significant positive (+) effect on organizational commitment. Third, job satisfaction has a significant positive (+) effect on organizational commitment Research implications or Originality - The implications of this study are that the research results have had a positive (+) effect on the variables of positive psychological capital, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of tourism guides, and have laid the foundation for academic research on research topics. In practice, it is expected to increase the positive psychological capital of tourism guides and have a significant impact on the organization's performance by actively supporting and supporting individuals related to the sustainable growth of travel products.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

This study was to conducted on the general public living in the Busan area to determine their knowledge and awareness of radiation. A questionnaire written in Google Form was distributed, and 193 questionnaires were analyzed. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to verify differences in variables according to the characteristics of the study subjects. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to confirm the correlation between variables. As a result of the study, firstly, The knowledge and awareness of radiation and confidence level of radiological information were found to be high among men and unmarried group. Second, as a result of analysis according to occupation, it was found that students had a positive perception of radiation. Third, the Internet and TV are the most commonly used channels for obtaining information about radiation. Lastly, the thing that has the greatest impact on the awareness of radiation is the reliability of the obtained radiation information. In order to relieve excessive anxiety about radiation and to gain a proper understanding of radiation, the reliability of information about radiation is important. Therefore, it is believed that active efforts are needed to provide accurate information about radiation by utilizing media that are widely used by citizens.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the current status of managing adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) for computed tomography in referral hospitals in South Korea compared with hospitals in other countries. Materials and Methods: This survey investigation involved 59 Korean and 15 overseas hospitals using guideline-based questionnaires consisting of 24 items in 7 main categories related to managing adverse reactions to ICM. Results: Informed written consent with risk factor evaluation was appropriately performed in most of the Korean hospitals. There was considerable variability in assessing renal function across the hospitals; serum creatinine level was used as a reference in 76.4% of Korean hospitals. The Korean hospitals preferred a more stringent approach to determining normal renal function (p = 0.01), withholding metformin (p = 0.01), and fasting before ICM exposure (p < 0.001) compared with overseas hospitals. All the Korean hospitals had an emergency protocol and in-hospital system for adverse reactions to ICM. The Korean (87.7%) and overseas hospitals (100%) were similarly equipped with epinephrine (p = 0.332), but only 38.6% of Korean hospitals were equipped with a bronchodilator (p = 0.004). For patients with a previous hypersensitivity reaction to ICM, 62.3% of Korean hospitals pre-medicated with anti-histamine and corticosteroid according to the severity of the previous reaction, and changed the culprit ICM in 52.8%, while skin test was performed in 17%. Conclusion: In general, Korean referral hospitals were well-prepared regarding informed consent, protocol, and an in-hospital system for managing adverse reactions to ICM. Nevertheless, there was considerable variability in details and management, thus requiring standardization by reflecting current guidelines.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.564-578
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• 1998

본 연구는 우리나라 노인요양시설의 종사자 배치현황을 검토하고, 노인요양시설에 수용되어 있는 노인들의 건강상태와 돌봄 필요시간을 측정함으로써 건강상태와 돌봄필요도에 따라 필요한 돌봄인력의 추정에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 강원도 2개 요양시설과 서울 2개 요양시설에 수용되어 있는 187명의 노인에 대하여 직접면접조사를 실시하였고, 159 명에 대하여 면접이 이루어져 85%의 조사율을 보였다. 각 시설의 시설장 및 총무를 대상으로 시설인력현황을 조사표를 통하여 직접 작성하게 하였다. 강원도와 서울 일부 요양원에 입소하고 있는 노인들의 인구사회학적 특성에 대해서는 본 대학원 석사과정 학생 6명이 노인들을 대상으로 직접 면접조사를 실시하였고, 돌봄 소요시간의 경우, 입소노인의 돌봄을 담당하는 간호(조무)사 및 생활보조원을 대상으로 조사표를 통하여 직접 작성하게 하였다. 이상의 연구방법을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사대상 4개 요양시설 모두 노인복지시설의 인력기준에 미달하고 있다. 2. 노인의 건강평가도구 중 ADL이 노인의 총 돌봄 필요시간과 가장 높은 상관성을 보여주고 있고, 다중 회귀분석의 결과, 돌봄 소요시간에 영향을 주는 유의한 변수는 단지 일상생활 수행능력 하나였고, 일상생활 수행능력 점수가 클수록, 즉 노인의 의존도가 클수록 돌봄 소요시간이 커지는 경향이 있었다. 3. 개별 입소노인의 ADL 총 점수를 네 그룹으로 나누었을 때, 그룹별 평균 돌봄 소요시간은 I군에서 IV군이 각각 하루에 15.3분, 21.1분, 36.7분, 88.8분의 돌봄서비스를 요구하고 있다. 4. 노인요양시설별로 ADL 그룹별 환자의 분포를 보면, 전체적으로 II군에 속하는 노인은 40.0%로 가장 많았으며, I군, III군, IV군의 순을 보여주고 있다. 시설별로 ADL 그룹별 환자의 수는 유의한 차이를 보여주지 못하고 있다. 5. 모든 요양시설의 간호사와 보조원 수는 입소노인의 건강상태를 반영하여 추정한 적정인력에 미치지 못하고 있다. 그러나, 법정기준에 의한 간호사와 보조원수는 노인의 돌봄필요도를 반영하여 추정한 수 보다 높게 나타나고 있어 본 연구의 조사대상 요양시설과 비슷한 건강분포를 보이는 노인요양시설의 경우에는 법정기준에 부합하다고 할 수 있다. 그리고, 노인복지사업지침에 근거한 예산지원기준을 적용시킬 때는 모든 요양시설에서 적정인력에 미치지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 6. 무료노인요양시설의 전문인력을 확보하기 위해서는, 무엇보다도 사회복지 시설 종사자에 대한 처우 개선방향과 상응하는 방향으로, 급여수준을 상향조정하여야 할 것이다. 7. 노인들의 요양필요도를 실제적으로 파악함에 있어 ADL을 이용한 건강지표가 장기적으로는 노인요양 시설의 단순 입소판정기준으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Asthma and allergic diseases are one of the most common disorders in children. Due to its increased prevalence, as well as the increased morbidity and mortality from these diseases, asthma and allergic diseases have come to be recognized as a major worldwide public health issue. In addition, socioeconomic burden of asthma and allergic diseases has increased in Korea also. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) investigated the worldwide prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases using simple standardized methods because of the comparison of asthma and allergic diseases between the countries. In Korea, several epidemiologic studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of asthma in children. Although these studies showed increased prevalence of asthma among Korean children (from 3.4% in 1964 to 10.1% in 1989), these findings were based on data from small numbers of subjects. The first Nationwide Study of Asthma and Allergies in Korean Children, which utilized the Korean version of ISAAC written and video questionnaire, was conducted in 1995 and the second Nationwide Study of Asthma and Allergies in Korean Children was conducted in 2000, directed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Diseases. We report here the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in Korean children and adolescents, and show the changes that occurred over this 5 year period. We also describe the risk factors for development of these diseases in Korean children. We developed Korean versions of the ISAAC written (WQ) and video (AVQ) questionnaires for allergic diseases. In 1995, the enrolled population consisted of 25,117 children selected from 34 elementary school and 14,946 children selected from 34 middle school across the nation, the response rate was 94.8%. In 2000, 27,831 children selected from 34 elementary school and 15,214 children selected from 34 middle school, and the response rate was 96.4%. From these studies, we can confirm that increase of the prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in Korea, except the prevalence of food allergy. Especially, the video questionnaire showed increases in the lifetime and 12 month prevalence rates of wheeze at rest, exercise-induced wheeze, nocturnal wheeze, nocturnal cough, and severe wheeze over this period of time in middle school children. In addition, the increase of prevalences of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis was noted significantly. Risk factor analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), passive smoking and living with a dog or cat were associated with higher risk of wheeze. Also the occurrence of fever during infancy and the frequent use of antibiotics were associated with the risk of wheeze. In conclusion, during the 5 year period from 1995 to 2000, the prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis has increased in Korean children. BMI, passive smoking, living with a dog or cat, the fever episodes in infancy, and the frequent use of antibiotics in infancy are important risk factors to development of asthma and atopic dermatitis. In the near future, the birth cohort study will be needed to investigate the causes of this increase and the natural course of allergic diseases, then we develop the methods to control asthma and allergic diseases.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the present conditions of nursing investment contents, its conversion process, and output in Oriental University Medical Center, Korea to get good qualified Oriental nursing result which is the ultimate purpose of the Oriental nursing management, and to develope a matrix of Oriental nursing management system on the basis of that project. The subjects for nursing investment and output contents were eighteen nursing directors in eleven Oriental University Medical Center and two hundred thirty-nine nurses with three years and over experience in Oriental medical center. The subjects for Oriental nursing organization, human affair management, and control function were nineteen Oriental medical center in Oriental University Medical Center, Korea. Data were collected from November, 2002 to February, 2003 with questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS PC+ 12 program. Frequency, percentage, and minimum/maximum values were used for investment contents, and frequency and percentage were used for conversion process and output contents. 1. The input factors of oriental nursing management system The objective's western hospital career was over five years of one hundred and seventy-five(73.2%) persons. Nursing in-service education was performed in fourteen hospitals(77.8%). Two hundreds(83.7%) were pro to oriental nurse system. Only four hospitals(22.2%) had independent budget in nursing division. Nursing staff allocation to the bed was from 2.8:1 to 9.06:1 respectively, with a big gap of the rate following the hospitals. 2. The conversion factors of oriental nursing system 1) Oriental nursing system Oriental hospital nursing system was organized independently in ten hospitals among eighteen hospitals. The recruitment of nurses which was a vital role of the nursing division of the hospital was mostly(79%) opened. The education to develope nursing personnels was through in-service one in 97.4%. Education for oriental nursing and management was performed in 42.1%(eight hospitals) and that for reserves was done in 36.8%(seven hospitals). Administration for nursing education by nursing division was 68.5%(thirteen hospitals). The post education evaluation was performed by report submission in 36.8%(seven hospitals), by written examination in 26.3%, by questionnaires in 21.1%, and by lecture presentation in 15.8% subsequently. The directorial meeting for the nursing directors was attended by 84.2%(sixteen hospitals), and the meeting type was the medical executive and support division executive meeting in 55.6%(ten hospitals) and the personnel management in 39.6%(seven hospitals). 2) The actual conditions of oriental nursing personnel management The reason of working in oriental hospital was by voluntary in 67.1%(a hundred and sixty persons), by nursing department order in 28.0%(sixty-seven persons), and by others in 5.0%(twelve persons) respectively. The shift form was a three-shifts one in 94.7%(eighteen hospitals), a two-shift one in only one hospital. Duty assignment was functional in 52.6%(ten hospitals), team and functional in 26.3%(five hospitals) and no team alone. Promotion manual was present at 68.4%(thirteen hospitals) and the competency essentials comprised of performance evaluation in 79%, interview, written examination, training result, study result subsequently. No labor union existed in 79%(fifteen hospitals) 3) Oriental nursing preceptor system There were five oriental hospitals(27.7%) administering the preceptor utilization model, which showed lower rate than the twenty-two medical university hospitals in Seoul in which fifteen hospitals (72.7%) were having the system. To the question of necessity of oriental nurse system asked to the objectives of two hundred and thirty-nine with more than three year-experience in oriental hospital, two hundred persons(83.7%) answered positively. 4) The control of oriental nursing The evaluation results from the target hospitals were mostly not opened in 89.4% of oriental hospitals. Thirteen hospitals(68.3%) had evaluation system of direct managers and the next were three hospitals(15.8%) of direct managers and selves. There was one hospital(5.3% each) where fellows and superiors, fellows, and inferiors' evaluation was performed and no hospital where superiors, fellows, inferiors and selves, and superiors, fellows and selves' evaluation was performed. The QI activity of nursing was 42.1%(eight hospitals) for nursing service evaluation, 36.8% for survey of ECSI, 26.3% for survey of ICSI, 15.8% for medical visit rate, 10% for hospital standardization inspection in sequence. 3. The output factors of oriental nursing management system The job satisfaction appeared good in general, indicating very good in thirty-seven persons (15.7%), good in one hundred and fourteen persons (48.3%) and fair in eighty-five persons(36.0%).

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.222-239
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• 2016

본 연구는 커져가는 커피 시장에서의 인적자원관리에 사용할 커피전문점 종사자에 관한 직무의 특성을 파악하고, 직무만족, 이직의도와의 상관관계를 파악하여 커피전문점 시장의 발전 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 설정된 연구가설을 검정하기 위한 설문조사는 서울, 경기도에 소재해 있는 커피전문점을 무작위 추출하여, 근무중인 바리스타 400명을 대상으로 하였다. 조사기간은 2015년 6월 1일부터 6월 30일까지 15일간에 걸쳐 설문을 실시, 불성실한 답변과 미기재 설문지를 제외하고, 331부를 실증분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 기초정보는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여, 빈도분석, 상관관계분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 회귀분석 등을 수행하였다. 직무중요성, 피드백, 경험성 요인이 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 직무다양성, 직무정체성, 자율성은 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 직무다양성, 경험성 요인이 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 피드백 요인은 이직의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 시사점으로는 바리스타들이 다양한 직무를 수행할 수 있도록 직장 내 외부교육 통한 직무교육을 시스템을 보강하고, 직무수행 과정과 직무수행 후에 자신의 직무의 결과에 대해 인지할 수 있는 내부 네트워크를 마련해야 하겠다. 바리스타들의 역량강화와 경험 축적에 도움이 되는 직무배치를 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.482-501
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• 1998

As an initial step toward the improvement of sexual education in middle school students, a survey on sexual attitudes and experience was done in Kangwon - Do, Korea. Questionnaires consisted of 68 items distributed to 240 boys and 240 girls from November 1 to December 20, 1996. Answers from 420 students were subjected to an analysis with SPSS. 92.4% of the girls experienced menstruation. Of them, 74.0% showed a negative reaction. 52.0% of the boys experienced night ejaculation. Of them, 81. 7% showed a negative reaction. Boys (64.3%) masturbated more than girls (17. 6%) (p= 0.0000). The understanding of masturbation was higher in boys than in girls (p = 0.0000). 87.2% of the subjects wished meetings with the opposite sex. During the meeting with the opposite sex, 12.9% of the students enjoyed drinking or smoking, 8.8% had intercourse. Boys(91.9%) watched pornography or porno-video more than girls(40.5%)(p=0.0000). 83.3% of the girls thought that both males and females should keep their virginity untill marriage. However, only 48.6% of boys thought that(p=0.0000). Of boys who had experienced sexual touch, 34.8% had intercourse. Of the 30 students(26 boys, 4 girls) who experienced sexual intercourse, 22 students had partners of the opposite sex and were friends. First intercourse 63.4% of these students had their in middle school period. The frequencys of sexual intercourse (more than 6times) was written by 12 students (40.0%). 24 students(16 boys and 8 girls) experienced sexual violence. As for dealing with sexual violence, 14 suffered by him or herself whill 7 students discussed it with a friend. There was a significant difference in the sources of information between boys and girls(p= 0.000), 36.0% had learned from an official sexual education source, usually from school nurses (74.0%). 92.6% of the students thought that sexual education was necessary. They believed that the appropriate person for sexual education was from a school nurse (53.1%) or from parents (19.5%). According to the above results, the following might be suggested: Realistic and future-directed sexual education material should be developed : Education programs to improve students insight and control sexual desire should be prepared: a systematic approach to activate the role of school nurse in sexual education should be prepared.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2008

Recently some Korean feminists have reported the family management agreement (FMA) can contribute to enhance the women farmers' legal status and to improve their farm management. The FMA is a formal document written each rights and responsibilities on the farm management, income allocation, and labor condition such as working time and work-off days agreed among family members. Since 2004, 161 farmer couples have signed and practiced the FMA after two-day workshop scheduled for the agreement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of FMA on the increase of participation in (am management among women farmers. Data were collected from 204 FMA couples through the structured questionnaires. Also interview and participating observation were carried out. Paired t-test were conducted using SPSS 12.0 for Windows program. Major findings were as follows. Women farmers' participation in decision making of farming activities has significantly increased after than before the FMA. However, husbands' participation in decision making is higher than women farmers even after the FMA. After the FMA, labor compensation, regularly or irregularly, for women farmers has increased to 53.3%, 35.3% higher than 18% of the previous study and women farmers' ownership of their farm assets has increased to 48.1% from 29.1%. Also, there is a tendency women farmers' role as a representative of their farm has increased. In conclusion the FMA makes women farmers participate more in farm management as decision maker, income beneficiary, farm asset owner, and farm representative, which encourage them to get the legal status as a farmer and to control their farm management risk. It is suggested that the FMA be selected as a program in order to strengthen the agricultural competitiveness.