• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.675-686
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an Allergic Rhinitis-Specific Quality of Life (ARSQOL) scale and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: ARSQOL was developed in 5 steps. Items for the preliminary instrument of ARSQOL were developed through a literature review and deep interviews with allergic rhinitis patients. Face validity with Content Validity Index (CVI), construct validity using factor analysis, and known group comparison, criterion validity test using correlation between ARSQOL and total nasal symptoms score (TNSS) were conducted to evaluate the validity of ARSQOL. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was used to evaluate the reliability of ARSQOL. Results: CVI for the items in the final ARSQOL were. 92. Five factors including discomfort associated with nasal symptoms (4 items), physical function (7 items), mental function (5 items), sleep disorder and social function (4 items), and problems of daily life (6 items) were identified through factor analysis and these five factors explained 66.6% of the total variance. The correlation coefficient between TNSS and the total score of life quality was -.69. In the group comparison, the persistent allergic rhinitis group showed lower ARSQOL scores than the intermittent patient group, and moderate to the severe allergic rhinitis patient group presented poorer ARSQOL than the mild symptom patient group. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability coefficient was .95. Conclusion: Results show that the ARSQOL has good reliability and validity and thus ARSQOL is a useful scale for clinical practices and research as a measure of quality of life in adults with allergicr hinitis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2007

This study sought to compare intake levels of major dish items and food groups between normal and obese Korean children in order to understand obesity-related eating behaviors. The study was also conducted to apply the information on the differences in major dish items and food groups found in this study to development of a brief food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for children's obesity-related eating behaviors. Finally, the developed FFQ was evaluated for reliability. A total of 290, 24-hour dietary recall data from 9-11 year-old normal or obese participants in the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were reviewed to identity dish items and food groups showing outstanding differences between the normal and obese groups. Based on the level of intake amount between the two groups, a total of 7 items, including ddeokbokggi, spaghetti, ham roast, pork cutlet, dairy products & ices, kimchi, and fruits, were selected to be included in the FFQ. The former 5 items were seen to be consumed more in the obese group, while the latter 2 items were so in the normal group. The questionnaire was formatted into a frequency response section of a seven-category option and reference period of the last 7 days. Test-retest reliability of the developed FFQ was examined by administering it to 153, 9-11 year-old children at a public elementary school in Seoul twice at a month interval. The level of reliability was found to be reasonably high. In conclusion, this study suggests that high consumption of several high-calorie dish items and low consumption of kimchi and fruits may be important eating behaviors in relation to obesity risk among 9-11 year-old children who need nutrition educators' attention. The current study also implies that a simple FFQ can be utilized to reliably assess 9-11 year-old children's diets.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.592-599
• /
• 2018

본 연구 목적은 노인의 평생교육활동참여가 자아통합감이 미치는 영향에 관해 살펴보고 삶의 만족도와 자원봉사활동이 매개하여 자아통합감에 미치는 영향을 검증하는데 있다. 조사대상자는 서울시, 경기도, 인천시 지역에 거주하는 60세 이상 일반노인대상으로 노인복지회관, 노인대학, 경로당 등의 평생교육기관에 참여하는 300명을 최종 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 분석방법으로는 AMOS 22.0의 구조방정식 모형을 응용하였고, 매개경로의 유의수준을 검증하기 위해서 구조방정식으로 Bootstrap 분석과 추가적으로 Sobel test 검증 방식을 사용하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS WIN 22.0, Amos 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 노인의 평생교육활동 참여가 자아통합감에 영향을 주었으며, 삶의 만족도와 자원봉사활동은 매개효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 평생교육활동 참여를 높일 수 있는 실천적인 방안을 논의하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 1984

This study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of importance in nursing activities for the quality of nursing, and was conducted with 72 nurses and 69 patients in Chungnam National University Hospital from January to April, 1984. The results are as follows; 1. The mean importants score in physical care activities of the patients (2.58) is higher than that of the nurses (2.48). There is not significant difference for the mean important score in physical care activities between the patients and nurses (t=0.637, df=139, p＞0.05). 2. The mean important score in psychological aspects of activities of the patients (2.94) is higher than that of the nurses (2.44). There is a significant difference for the mean important score in psychological aspects of activities between the patients and nurses (t=2.338, df= 139, p<0.05). 3. The mean important score in observation, recording and implementing medical care activities of the nurses (2.98) is higher than that of the patients (2.79) There is not significant difference for the mean important score in observation, recording and Implementing medical care activities between the patients and nurses (t=1.329, df=139, p> 0.05) 4. The mean important score in nursing management activities of the nurses (2.63) is higher than that of the patients (2.57). There is not significant difference for the mean important score in nursing management activities between the patients and nurses (t=1.329, df=139, p>0.05). 5. A number of items in nursing activities considered most important by nurses (Mean important score of 3.0 or above) were 12 items. The most importants item was“shift and exchange of information concerning patient”. 6. A number of items in nursing activities considered most important by patients (mean important score of 3.0 or above) were 14 items. The most important item was“Explain about diagnostic test ahead of time”. 7. A number of items in nursing activities considered least important by nurses and patients(Mean important score less than 1.9) were 5 items and 2 items, respectively. The least important item by nurses was“plan some diversion or recreation for patient”, and the least important item by patients was“Give a bed shampoo”.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.115-139
• /
• 2009

This study focused on the development of a scale measuring the effect of consumer education. The purposes of this study were to develop a tool which could measure consumer knowledge, consumer attitudes and consumer behavior. Data were collected from 266 college students. Analysis was done using frequency, cross tabulation analysis, reliability test, principle components factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (Amos 5.0), and multiple regression analysis. The results from this study were as follows: 1) Nine consumer knowledge factors (23-items) were identified: consciousness of consumer education and evaluation, consumer rights and allowance management, methods of consumer education and consumer institutions, green energy and environmental consumption, essence and content of consumer education, consumer rights and consumer duty, critical consideration and consumer's damage salvation, buying minds and decision-making, independent consumers. Total variance was 58.4%. Cronbach's alpha for the nine factors ranged from .68-.79. 2) Five consumer attitude factors (26-items) were identified: green environmental consumption, consumer's role and rights, resources saving and consumer's damage salvation, consciousness of consumers, and right consumption. Total variance was 59.2%. Cronbach's alpha for the five factors ranged from .89-.94. 3) Seven consumer behavior factors (27-items) were identified: social role and rights of consumer and consumer movement, right buying and segregated garbage collection, green environmental consumption and resources saving, altruism and decision-making, allowance management and impulse buying, consumer's damage salvation, and consciousness of consumer. The total variance was 59.1%. Cronbach's alpha for the seven factors ranged from .77-.88. Finally, a scale measuring the effect of consumer education consisting of 76 items (consumer knowledge: 23 items (9 factors), consumer attitude: 26 items (5 factors), consumer behavior: 27 items (7 factors)) was constructed.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2006

Objectives : SDQ is the measure for diagnosis of the Sasang constitutions. It evaluates external shape, mentality and symptoms of Sasangin. We analysed the items related with external shape to identify the feature of Sasangin's face. Methods : We analysed the data collected by multi-center researchers in 2004. We used Chi-square test to define the relationship between the item and Sasang constitutions. Results : There were 15 items significantly related with each corresponding constitution(p<0.05). 2 items were defined as Taeyangin's, 4 items were defined as Soyangin's. 5 items were defined as Taeumin's and 4 items were defined as Soeumin's. Conclusions : The items were partially contribute to diagnosis of Sasang constitutions. For more accurate diagnosis, there is the need to accumulate corroborative evidence about Sasangin's actual external shape.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.47-74
• /
• 2007

전자상거래 인적자원의 양성과 개발을 위해서 자격은 학위와 더불어 지식축적의 결과를 표시하는 대표적인 지표이다. 하지만 기존의 출제기준은 전자상거래 시장변화를 포함한 현장성 반영과 업무에의 활용도가 부족하여 개선이 요구된다. 본 연구는 전자상거래관리사 직무분석을 통하여 산업현장에서 요구되는 능력을 체계적으로 분석하여 출제기준을 개선하고자 하였다. 연구목적의 달성을 위해 국내외 전자상거래 관련 자격현황 조사 및 문헌연구를 수행하고 직무분석을 통하여 전자상거래관리사 직무의 구조와 과업을 도출함으로써 기존의 과업목록을 보강하였으며, 과업분석을 통하여 각 과업별로 요구되는 필요지식, 기술 등의 능력요소들을 도출하였다. 도출된 직무의 범위와 과업목록을 검증하고 이를 바탕으로 기존의 출제기준과 비교분석하여 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연구방법으로는 전자상거래 자격관련 문헌과 현황을 조사하였으며, 직무분석단계에 전문가 면담조사와 전문가위원회 조사가 수행되었으며 검증단계에 설문조사와 면담조사를 수행한 후 전문가위원회를 통해 출제기준 개선방안을 설계하고 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 2014

For maintaining adequate psychometric properties when reducing the number of items from an instrument, item level psychometrics is crucial. Strategies such as low item correlation or factor loadings, using classical test theory, have traditionally been advocated. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of a new short form assessing the impact of low back pain on physical activity. Rasch measurement model has been applied to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Activity Measure (ICF-AM). One hundred and one individuals with low back pain aged 19-89 years (mean age: $48.1{\pm}17.3$) who live in the community were participated in the study. Twenty-seven items of lifting/carrying construct of the ICF-AM were analyzed. Ten items were selected from the construct to create a short form. Item elimination criteria include: 1) high or low mean square (out of the range: .6-1.4 for the fit statistics), 2) similar item calibrations to adjacent items, 3) person separation value, and item-person map for potential gap in person ability continuum. All 10 items of the short form fit to the Rasch model except one item (i.e., carrying toddler on back). Despite its high infit and outfit statistics (1.90/2.17), the item had to be reinstated due to potential gaps at the upper extreme of person ability level. The short form had a slightly better spread of person ability continuum compared to the entire set of item. The created short form separated individuals with low back pain into nearly 4 groups, while the entire set of items separated the individuals into 6 groups. The findings prompted multidimensional models for better explanation of the lifting/carrying domain. The item level psychometrics based on the Rasch model can be useful in developing short forms with rationally retained items.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.20-31
• /
• 2018

Good assessment is crucial for feedback on curriculum and to motivate students to learn. This study was conducted to perform item analysis on the Medical Education Assessment Consortium clinical knowledge mock examination (MEAC CKME) (2011-2016) and to evaluate several effects to improve item quality using both classical test theory and item response theory. The estimated difficulty index (P) and discrimination index (D) were calculated according to each course, item type, A (single best answer)/R (extended matching) type, and grading of item quality. The cut-off values used to evaluate P were: >0.8 (easy); 0.6-0.8 (moderate); and <0.6 (difficult). The cut-off value for D was 0.3. The proportion of appropriate items was defined as those with P between 0.25-0.75 and D ${\geq}0.25$. Cronbach ${\alpha}$ was used to assess the reliability and was compared with those of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). The results showed the recent mean difficulty and decimation index was 0.62 and 0.20 for the first MEAC CKME and 0.71 and 0.19 for the second MEAC CKME, respectively. Higher grade items evaluated by a self-checklist system had better D values than lower grade items and higher grade items gradually increased. The preview and editing process by experts revealed maintained P, decreased recall items, increased appropriate items with better D values, and higher reliability. In conclusion, the MEAC CKME (2011-2016) is deemed appropriate as an assessment to evaluate students' competence and prepare year four medical students for the KMLE. In addition, the self-checklist system for writing good items was useful in improving item quality.

• 과학교육연구지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.322-333
• /
• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 학습 배경을 가진 학습자가 지구과학 문제 풀이에서 활용하는 통합 사고의 유형과 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 중학교 2학년 4명을 대상으로 학습자의 과학 학습 관련 배경을 묻는 사전 설문조사지, 지구과학 교과를 중심으로 상황적 통합 영역의 문항이 포함된 검사지를 사용하여 조사했다. 검사지는 총 200문항으로, 10회에 걸쳐 시행되었다. 통합적 사고 능력을 파악하기 위한 문항은 40문항이었고 일반 문항이 160문항이었다. 학생들마다 일반 문항 정답율과 통합 문항 정답율에 있어 일관된 연관성을 드러내지 않았다. 각 연구 대상자의 통합 사고력의 유형을 파악하기 위하여 검사 문항 풀이 후, 유형별 정답률을 분석했고, 각 문항 풀이에 활용한 사고의 특징 파악을 위하여 연구 대상자를 면담하고 그 내용을 분석했다. 그 결과 문제 풀이에 사용한 통합 사고 유형을 지식 연계형, 실생활 연계형, 통합 탐구형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 과학 교수 학습에서 학생들의 특성을 고려하여 통합 사고력을 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 방안이 연구되어야 할 것이다.