• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2018

In this paper, an efficient higher-order shear deformation theory is presented to analyze thermomechanical bending of temperature-dependent functionally graded (FG) plates resting on an elastic foundation. Further simplifying supposition are made to the conventional HSDT so that the number of unknowns is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. These theory account for hyperbolic distributions of the transverse shear strains and satisfy the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Power law material properties and linear steady-state thermal loads are assumed to be graded along the thickness. Nonlinear thermal conditions are imposed at the upper and lower surface for simply supported FG plates. Equations of motion are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. Analytical solutions for the thermomechanical bending analysis are obtained based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Non-dimensional results are compared for temperature-dependent FG plates and validated with those of other shear deformation theories. Numerical investigation is conducted to show the effect of material composition, plate geometry, and temperature field on the thermomechanical bending characteristics. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the thermomechanical bending responses of temperature-dependent FG plates.

• 폴리머
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2004

온도에 의존하여 졸-젤 전이를 나타내는 온도민감성 리포솜을 함유하는 폴리 N-이소프로필아크릴아마이드 젤을 제조하였다. 온도민감성 리포솜의 표면은 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 하한임계용액온도를 나타내는 N-이소프로필아크릴아마이드와 옥타데실아크릴레이트의 공중합체를 이용하여 변형시켰다. 표면이 변형된 온도민감성 리포솜을 폴리 N-이소프로필아크릴아마이드 수용액에 혼합하였다. 혼합용액을 하한임계용액온도 이상으로 가열했을 때 물리적으로 가교결합이 이루어진 젤의 형태가 이루어지며, 이때 온도 민감성 리포솜이 함유된 폴리 N-이소프로필아크릴아마이드 젤이 만들어진다. 온도민감성 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출은 형광강도를 측정하여 결정하였다. 폴리 N-이소프로필아크릴아마이드 젤 내부의 온도민감성 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출은 온도가 증가할수록 지속적인 방출을 나타내었다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.509-524
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• 2018

A hierarchical multi-scale modeling strategy devoted to the study of a Bitumen-Bound Gravel (BBG) is presented in this paper. More precisely, the paper investigates the temperature-dependent linear viscoelastic of the material when submitted to low deformations levels and moderate number of cycles. In such a hierarchical approach, 3D digital Representative Elementary Volumes are built and the outcomes at a scale (here, the sub-mesoscale) are used as input data at the next higher scale (here, the mesoscale). The viscoelastic behavior of the bituminous phases at each scale is taken into account by means of a generalized Maxwell model: the bulk part of the behavior is separated from the deviatoric one and bulk and shear moduli are expanded into Prony series. Furthermore, the viscoelastic phases are considered to be thermorheologically simple: time and temperature are not independent. This behavior is reproduced by the Williams-Landel-Ferry law. By means of the FE simulations of stress relaxation tests, the parameters of the various features of this temperature-dependent viscoelastic behavior are identified.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.857-868
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• 2005

This paper deals with the accumulated damage in concrete structures due to the cyclic freeze-thaw as an environmental load. The cyclic ice body nucleation and growth processes in porous systems are affected by the thermo-physical and mass transport properties, and gradients of temperature and chemical potentials. Furthermore, the diffusivity of deicing chemicals shows significantly higher value under cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. Consequently, the disintegration of concrete structures is aggravated at marine environments, higher altitudes, and northern areas. However, the properties of cyclic freeze-thaw with crack growth and diffusion of chloride ion effects are hard to be identified in tests, and there has been no analytic model for the combined degradations. The main objective is to determine the driving force and evaluate the reduced strength and stiffness by freeze-thaw. For the development of computational model of those coupled deterioration, micro-pore structure characterization, pore pressure based on the thermodynamic equilibrium, time and temperature dependent super-cooling with or without deicing salts, nonlinear-fracture constitutive relation for the evaluation of internal damage, and the effect of entrained air pores (EA) has been modeled numerically. As a result, the amount of ice volume with temperature dependent surface tensions, freezing pressure and resulting deformations, and cycle and temperature dependent pore volume has been calculated and compared with available test results. The developed computational program can be combined with DuCOM, which can calculate the early aged strength, heat of hydration, micro-pore volume, shrinkage, transportation of free water in concrete. Therefore, the developed model can be applied to evaluate those various practical degradation cases as well.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.673-679
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• 2001

The objective of this work is to estimate the temperature dependent thermal properties of the APC-2 composite using a inverse parameter estimation technique. The present inverse method features the estimation of the thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity, which are dependent on the temperature inside the composite. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity is directionally dependent because of the aniosotropy of the composite. An on-line temperature measurement system with a suitable method of heating is built. A composite slab is fabricated using thermoplastic prepreg for the investigation. The corresponding computer code for evaluating the thermal properties inversely using the temperature reading transmitted from the measurement system is developed. The parameterized form is used for the rapid and stable estimation. The modified Newtons method is adopted for the solution technique of the inverse analysis. The estimated results are compared with the measured data from a previous study for the verification.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 S-파라미터 측정 데이터를 사용하는 RF측정방법으로 short-channel MOSFET의 RF 캐패시턴스 전압(C-V) 곡선을 상온에서 $225^{\circ}C$까지 추출하였으며, 추출된 고온 종속 특성을 엠피리컬하게 모델링하였다. RF C-V 특성곡선의 weak inversion영역에서 온도 변화에 따른 voltage shift가 threshold voltage shift보다 적은 현상이 관찰되었지만, 기존 long-channel C-V 이론 방정식으로 설명할 수 없는 현상임이 입증되었다. 이러한 short-channel C-V 곡선의 고온 종속 모델링을 위해서 새로운 엠피리컬 방정식이 개발되었다. 이 방정식의 정확도는 모델된 C-V곡선과 측정 데이터가 넓은 온도범위에서 잘 일치하는 결과를 관찰함으로써 입증되었다. 또한, 높은 게이트 전압에서는 온도가 증가함에 따라 채널 캐패시턴스 값이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.839-856
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• 2013

Metallic annular discs with their outer boundary fully constrained are studied with newly derived semi-analytical solutions for the effects of thickness variations under thermal loading and unloading. The plane stress and axisymmetric assumptions were adopted, and the thickness of the disk depends on the radius hyperbolically with an exponent n. Furthermore, it is assumed that the stress state is two dimensional and temperature is uniform in the domain. The solutions include the elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic-collapse behavior, depending on the values of temperature. The von Mises type yield criterion is adopted in this work. The material properties, Young's modulus, yield stress and thermal expansion coefficient, are assumed temperature dependent, while the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be temperature independent. It is found that for any n values, if the normalized hole radius a greater than 0.6, the normalized temperature difference between the elastically reversible temperature and plastic collapse temperature is a monotonically decreasing function of inner radius. For small holes, the n values have strong effects on the normalized temperature difference. Furthermore, it is shown that thickness variations may have stronger effects on the strain distributions when temperature-dependent material properties are considered.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.566-594
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• 2000

In most LMFBR(Liquid Metal Fast Breed Reactor) design, the operating temperature is very high and the time-dependent creep and stress-rupture effects become so important in reactor structural design. Therefore, unlike with conventional PWR, the normal operating conditions can be basically dominant design loading because the hold time at elevated temperature condition is so long and enough to result in severe total creep ratcheting strains during total service lifetime. In this paper, elevated temperature design of the conceptually designed baffle annulus regions of KALIMER(Korea Advanced Liquid MEtal Reactor) reactor internal strictures is carried out for normal operating conditions which have the operating temperature 53$0^{\circ}C$ and the total service lifetime of 30 years. For the elevated temperature design of reactor internal structures, the ASME Code Case N-201-4 is used. Using this code, the time-dependent stress limits, the accumulated total inelastic strain during service lifetime, and the creep-fatigue damages are evaluated with the calculation results by the elastic analysis under conservative assumptions. The application procedures of elevated temperature design of the reactor internal structures using ASME Code Case N-201-4 with the elastic analysis method are described step by step in detail. This paper will be useful guide for actual application of elevated temperature design of various reactor types accounting for creep and stress-rupture effects.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권2호
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• pp.1263-1265
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• 2007

The electrical characteristics of low temperature poly-Si (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFT) with channel parallel and perpendicular to the direction of lateral growth were studied. The poly-Si film was crystallized using sequential lateral solidification (SLS) laser crystallization technique. The channel orientation dependent turn-on characteristics were investigated by using gated-diodes and capacitance-voltage measurements

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1436-1441
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• 2006

Each type of optical sheets in a LCD module experiences a characteristic behavior for thermal loading and unloading. During thermal cycling, a polymeric behavior is reversible and recyclable, depending on a material stiffness critically affected by temperature and time. Some critical issues on temperature- and time-dependent themomechanical deformation of the polymeric sheet are addressed by finite-element thermal results, followed by structural simulation results in this study.