• 제목/요약/키워드: t-dimension

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Modeling for the strap combined footings Part I: Optimal dimensioning

  • Aguilera-Mancilla, Gabriel;Luevanos-Rojas, Arnulfo;Lopez-Chavarria, Sandra;Medina-Elizondo, Manuel
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.97-108
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents a new model for the strap combined footings to obtain the most economical contact surface on the soil (optimal dimensioning) to support an axial load and moment in two directions to each column. The new model considers the soil real pressure, i.e., the pressure varies linearly. Research presented in this paper shows that can be applied to the T-shaped combined footings and the rectangular combined footings. The classical model uses the technique of test and error, i.e., a dimension is proposed, and subsequently, the equation of the biaxial bending is used to obtain the stresses acting on each vertex of the strap combined footing, which must meet the conditions following: The minimum stress should be equal or greater than zero, and maximum stress must be equal or less than the allowable capacity that can withstand the soil. Numerical examples are presented to obtain the optimal area of the contact surface on the soil for the strap combined footings subjected to an axial load and moments in two directions applied to each column. Appendix shows the Tables 4 and 5 for the strap combined footings, the Table 6 for the T-shaped combined footings, and the Table 7 for the rectangular combined footings.

A study of the impact of using a nursing care standards on the quality of nursing care in gastrectomy patients (위절제술환자의 간호실무표준 사용이 간호의 질에 미치는 영향)

  • Woo, Young-Ja
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.97-107
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    • 1996
  • Nursing standards determine the type and extent of services that are delivered to the patients and define quality care and communicate the institution's expectations of care. Thus, taking the standard of care and incorporating it into a welldefined indicator of excellent patient care becomes one of the first activities in setting up the nursing service's quality assurance process. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of using a nursing care standards for the quality of nursing care in gastrectomy patients. The subjects were composed of fourty-two under going gastrectomy patients with stomach cancer in general surgery nursing care unit of K University Hospital in Pusan. The data was collected from January 3 to April 13,1996. The subjects were divided into a control group - those admitted from Jan.3 to Feb.12 and an experimental group those admitted from Feb.18 to April 13. The instruments used for this study were a nursing care standards in gastrectomy patients developed by the investigator and an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdominal surgery patients developed by Byoung-Sook Lee in 1995. The data was analized by means of chi-square test, t-test and Cronbach-alpha test with the SAS System. The result was as follows : The hypothesis, that scores of the quality of nursing care in the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group. was supported(t=-6.12, p=0.00). The detailed results of each standards of evaluation tool were as follows : The mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in audit standard 1:'Collection of basic data of the patients', (t=-3.76, p=0.00). The mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in audit standard 2 : 'Defining nursing diagnoses(or nursing problems)', (t= (-), p= (-) ). The mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in audit standard 3:'Estabilishment of nursing care plan according to nursing diagnoses(or nursing problems)',(t= (-), p= (-) ). The mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in audit stndard 4:'Implimentation of nursing care plan', (t=-2.38, p=0.01). The mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in audit standard 8 : 'Increase of the knowledge of health related to surgery',(t=-2.40, p=0.01). No significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group and that of the control group in audit standard 5 : 'Recover and maintain of the physical function', audit standard 6:'Prevention of the post-operative complication', audit standard 7 : 'Decrease of discomfort caused by operation', and audit standard 9 : 'Patient satisfaction in nursing care' were found. The standards of evaluation tool were devided into two dimension. One was process dimension which contains four standards(audit standard 1 to 4), the other was outcome dimension which contains five standards(audit standard 5 to 9). The mean score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in process dimension (t=-12.30, p=0.00), but no significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group and that of the control group in outcome dimension was found. From these results, it is concluded that using a nursing care standards in gastrectomy patients promotes quality of nursing care and nursing care standards of various fields are necessary for effective nursing care.

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THE JUMP OF A SEMI-FREDHOLM OPERATOR

  • Lee, Dong-Hak;Lee, Woo-Young
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.593-598
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    • 1994
  • In this note we give some results on the jump (due to Kato [5] and West [7]) of a semi-Fredholm operator. Throughout this note, suppose X is an Banach space and write L(X) for the set of all bounded linear operators on X. A operator $T \in L(x)$ is called upper semi-Fredholm if it has closed range with finite dimensional null space, and lower semi-Fredholm if it has closed range with its range of finite co-dimension. It T is either upper or lower semi-Fredholm we shall call it semi-Fredholm and Fredholm it is both. The index of a (semi-) Fredholm operator T is given by $$ index(T) = n(T) = d(T),$$ where $n(T) = dim T^{-1}(0)$ and d(T) = codim T(X).

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ON THE STRUCTURE OF GRADED LIE TRIPLE SYSTEMS

  • Martin, Antonio Jesus Calderon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.163-180
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    • 2016
  • We study the structure of an arbitrary graded Lie triple system $\mathfrak{T}$ with restrictions neither on the dimension nor the base field. We show that $\mathfrak{T}$ is of the form $\mathfrak{T}=U+\sum_{j}I_j$ with U a linear subspace of the 1-homogeneous component $\mathfrak{T}_1$ and any $I_j$ a well described graded ideal of $\mathfrak{T}$, satisfying $[I_j,\mathfrak{T},I_k]=0$ if $j{\neq}k$. Under mild conditions, the simplicity of $\mathfrak{T}$ is characterized and it is shown that an arbitrary graded Lie triple system $\mathfrak{T}$ is the direct sum of the family of its minimal graded ideals, each one being a simple graded Lie triple system.

EXTENSIONS OF DRINFELD MODULES OF RANK 2 BY THE CARLITZ MODULE

  • Woo, Sung-Sik
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.251-257
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    • 1995
  • In the catagory of t-modules the Carlitz module C plays the role of $G_m$ in the category of group schemes. For a finite t-module G which corresponds to a finite group scheme, Taguchi [T] showed that Hom (G, C) is the "right" dual in the category of finite- t-modules which corresponds to the Cartier dual of a finite group scheme. In this paper we show that for Drinfeld modules (i.e., t-modules of dimension 1) of rank 2 there is a natural way of defining its dual by using the extension of drinfeld module by the Carlitz module which is in the same vein as defining the dual of an abelian varietiey by its $G_m$-extensions. Our results suggest that the extensions are the right objects to define the dual of arbitrary t-modules.t-modules.

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Service Dimensions of Apparel Product Salesperson and Importance of Service Dimension by Apparel Product Type (의류상품 판매원의 서비스 차원과 의류상품 유형별 중요도)

  • 이지영;김미영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.933-944
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this research was to classify service dimensions for each apparel product which was thought to be important to consumers and to examine what kind of service dimensions are assessed to be more important than others. Furthermore, whether there were significant differences in the service dimensions and importances of services dimensions were examined by apparel product type(casual, formal products). Data were collected from women who were over 20 years old that live in Seoul. A questionnaire developed based on the previous researches and data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, frequency analysis. The results of this study were as follows: First, services of salesperson were divided into six dimensions: \"focused on customers\", \"knowledge/competency\", \"courtesy\", \"appearance/image\", \"purchasing induction\", and \"concerning\". As to service dimension importance, consumers think that \"service focused on customers\" is the most important dimension of service. Second, results of examining the importance according to apparel product type showed that five of the six service dimensions in formal product sales were more important except for the \"knowledge\" related service. Last, as to demographic characteristic variables, people who were over 40 years old were likely to think \"purchasing induction\", \"appearance/image\", \"concerning\" service dimensions more important than the other ages. And it was found that consumers who spend less money on purchasing clothing in a month thought \"focused on customers\" service was more important than the other consumers. In conclusion store managers could apply these results to service education of salesperson and use on preservation and improvement of customer relationship. And according to apparel product types, the results will give some implications to various service policies.

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Development and Validation of Visual Representation Competence Taxonomy (과학 교수 학습을 위한 시각적 표상 능력의 교육목표 분류체계 개발 및 타당화)

  • Yoon, Hye-Gyoung
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.161-170
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    • 2018
  • Various forms of visual representations enable scientific discovery and scientific reasoning when scientists conduct research. Similarly, in science education, visual representations are important as a means to promote students' understanding of science concepts and scientific thinking skills. To provide a framework that could facilitate the effective use of visual representations in science classroom and systemic science education research, a visual representation competence taxonomy (VRC-T) was developed in this study. VRC-T includes two dimensions: the type of visual representation, and the cognitive process of visual representation. The initial categories for each dimension were developed based on literature review. Then validation and revision was made by conducting teachers' workshop and survey to experts. The types of visual representations were grouped into 3 categories (descriptive, procedural, and explanative representations) and the cognitive processes were grouped into 3 categories (interpretation, integration, and construction). The sub categories of each dimension and the validation process would be explained in detail.

ON THE PRINCIPAL IDEAL THEOREM

  • Chang, Gyu-Whan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.655-660
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    • 1999
  • Let R be an integral domain with identity. In this paper we will show that if R is integrally closed or if t-dim $R{\leq}1$, then R[{$X_{\alpha}$}] satisfies the principal ideal theorem for each family {$X_{\alpha}$} of algebraically independent indeterminates if and only if R is an S-domain and it satisfies the principal ideal theorem.

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The Prediction of Fatigue Behavior using Cyclic Creep Concept of R/C Beam Strengthened with Steel Plate and Carbon Fiber Sheet (강판 및 탄소섬유 sheet로 보강된 R/C보의 반복크리프 개념을 적용한 피로거동예측)

  • 심종성;문도영;박경동
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.555-560
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    • 2003
  • Fatigue strength of concrete is ususlly presented by the Wohler Curve. But, new dimension T(time) from the view point of cyclic creep concept should be considerd. This paper presented four variable F-N-T-R relationship, this four variable relationship simultaneously accounts for the time effect and the effect of load rate. And analytical models are presented to predict fatigue strength of R/C beam strengthened with steel plate and carbon fiber sheet. Also, the correlation between the ratio of stress and the fatigue life was investigated.

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ASYMPTOTIC FOR THE NUMBER OF STAR OPERATIONS ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL NOETHERIAN DOMAINS

  • Spirito, Dario
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.58 no.5
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    • pp.1239-1260
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    • 2021
  • We study the set of star operations on local Noetherian domains D of dimension 1 such that the conductor (D : T) (where T is the integral closure of D) is equal to the maximal ideal of D. We reduce this problem to the study of a class of closure operations (more precisely, multiplicative operations) in a finite extension k ⊆ B, where k is a field, and then we study how the cardinality of this set of closures vary as the size of k varies while the structure of B remains fixed.