• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.313-323
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• 2019

For the actors on video, facial expression acting can easily become 'forced facial expression' or 'over-acting'. Also, if self-restraint is emphasized too much, then it becomes 'flat acting' with insufficient emotions. By bringing forth questions in regard to such facial expression acting methods, this study analyzed the facial expression acting of the actors in genre dramas with strong commercial aspects. In conclusion, the facial expression acting methods of the actors in genre dramas were being conducted in a typical way. This means that in visual conventions of video acting, the aesthetic standard has become the important standard in the facial expression acting of the actors. In genre dramas, the emotions of the characters are often revealed in close-up shots. Within the close-up shot, the most important expressive medium in a 'zoomed-in face' is the 'pupil of the eye', and emotions are mostly expressed through the movements of the eye and muscles around it. The second most important expressive medium is the 'mouth'. The differences in the degree of opening and closing the mouth convey diverse emotions along with the expression of the 'eye'. In addition, tensions in the facial muscles greatly hinder the expression of emotions, and the movement of facial muscles must be minimized to prevent excessive wrinkles from forming on the surface of the face. Facial expressions are not completed just with the movement of the muscles. Ultimately, the movement of the muscle is the result of emotions. Facial expression acting takes place after having emotional feelings. For this, the actor needs to go through the process of 'personalization' of a character, such as 'emotional memory', 'concentration' and 'relaxation' which are psychological acting techniques of Stanislavsky. Also, the characteristics of close-up shots that visually reveal the 'inner world' should be recognized. In addition, it was discovered that the facial expression acting is the reaction acting that provides the important point in the unfolding of narratives, and that the method of facial expression and the size of the shots required for the actors are different depending on the roles of main and supporting characters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.821-827
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• 2001

In this study performed to identify a degradation mechanism in macromolecular insulating material, the contact angel, surface potential decay, surface resistivity, and XPS analysis were compared after exposure of FRP laminate to plasma discharge. In the case of contact angle, the surface of specimen untreated showed weak hydrophobic property of 73。. However, the contact angle was decreased to 20。in the plasma-treated specimen. In the case of chemical changes arising form plasma treatment, carboxl radicals were generated mainly in the surface treated, which was rapidly changed to the hydrophilic one. In the corona potential decay study to determine the electrical changes of the surface, positive charges were rapidly decreased when compared with negative charges, leading to negative property in the surface of specimen not treated. However, in the case of the hydrophilic surface, lots of carboxl radicals acting as positive polarity were generated, resulting in positive surface. Owing to such positive surface, charges of negative polarity applied were rapidly decreased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.4 s.235
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• pp.614-623
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• 2005

This study aims to perform the characteristic evaluation of surface grinding for the STD11 material with experimental and analytic techniques based on the response surface model. The grinding force acting on the workpiece and the ground surface roughness were measured according to the change of grain size, table speed and depth of cut. The effect of spark-out on the grinding force and the surface roughness was also characterized. The frictional coefficient between workpiece and grinding wheel could be determined by the analysis of spark-out effect. From the experimental data, the second-order response surface models were developed to predict the grinding force and the surface roughness. Validation of the developed model was examined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3950-3960
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• 2014

In this study, the drag forces on a submerged square cylinder were analyzed using a three dimensional hydrodynamic model. The numerical results were compared with the experimental results to check the reliability of the numerical simulations, and the characteristics of the drag forces with the relative depths were analyzed by analyzing the pressure acting on the cylinder surface, which are normally difficult to measure experimentally. The numerical results showed that the drag forces acting on a submerged square cylinder originate mainly from the pressure forces, and component of the shear forces decreased with increasing relative depth. The pressure coefficient distributions showed that in the case of a low relative depth, a relatively high pressure was formed in the front of a cylinder, and a relatively low pressure was formed in the rear, which gives a high drag coefficient. In a high relative depth, the pressure in the front decreased and pressure in the rear increased, which is a similar phenomenon to that normally observed in two dimensional square cylinder flow. The effect of the static pressure was analyzed and the surface elevation difference between the front and rear zone of a cylinder has a limited effect on the drag forces. Finally, the numerical results showed that the drag forces acting on a submerged square are dominated by the dynamic pressure formed by three dimensional flow and the distribution of local surface elevation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.226-234
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• 2016

This study aimed to research the effects of emotional labor of contingent workers in foodservice industry on job burnout, job satisfaction and turnover intention, and to achieve the purpose that it was needed to analyze the factors of emotional labor to research the effect of emotional labor on job burnout, and to research the effect of job burnout on job satisfaction and turnover intention. Data were collected from foodservice restaurants located in southern Gyeonggi province by face-to-face interview. The questionnaire was distributed of the 300 copies and used 271 in the analysis. The results are as followed; First, the factors of emotional labor were surface acting and deep acting. Second, surface acting had positive significant influence on job burnout. Third, deep acting had negative significant influence on job burnout. Four, job burnout had negative significant influence on job satisfaction and job burnout had positive significant influence on turnover intention. This research requires many studies about deep acting of contingent workers in foodservice industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1997

The steady drift forces on a barge in waves are investigated. The steady drift forces due to a near-field method which is based on direct integration of the pressure acting on the submerged surface of barge are compared with those due to far-field method which is based on the theory of momentum conservation. Numerical results of the linear motions are compared with the experimental and numercal ones which was submitted in the literature. A convergence of the steady drift forces according to the increase of the number of panels which represent the submerged surface are discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-179
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• 2017

The axisymmetric buckling delamination of the Piezoelectric/Metal/Piezoelectric (PZT/Metal/PZT) sandwich circular plate with interface penny-shaped cracks is investigated. The case is considered where open-circuit conditions with respect to the electrical displacement on the upper and lower surfaces, and short-circuit conditions with respect to the electrical potential on the lateral surface of the face layers are satisfied. It is assumed that the edge surfaces of the cracks have an infinitesimal rotationally symmetric initial imperfection and the development of this imperfection with rotationally symmetric compressive forces acting on the lateral surface of the plate is studied by employing the exact geometrically non-linear field equations and relations of electro-elasticity for piezoelectric materials. The sought values are presented in the power series form with respect to the small parameter which characterizes the degree of the initial imperfection. The zeroth and first approximations are used for investigation of stability loss and buckling delamination problems. It is established that the equations and relations related to the first approximation coincide with the corresponding ones of the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability of electro-elasticity for piezoelectric materials. The quantities related to the zeroth approximation are determined analytically, however the quantities related to the first approximation are determined numerically by employing Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical results on the critical radial stresses acting in the layers of the plate are presented and discussed. In particular, it is established that the piezoelectricity of the face layer material causes an increase (a decrease) in the values of the critical compressive stress acting in the face (core) layer.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor on emotional exhaustion among school dietitians according to the level of their self-efficacy. A survey was administered on 300 school dietitians during September 2012 and a total of 277 usable questionnaires were received. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 18.0 package program. As a result of principal factor analysis for validity test, 26 variables were classified into one factor for self-efficacy, three factors for emotional labor and one factor for emotional exhaustion with a total variance percentage of 67.371%. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha, which yielded reliability coefficients of 0.922 (self-efficacy), 0.916 (emotional display), 0.806 (surface acting), 0.808 (deep acting) and 0.850 (emotional exhaustion). Subjects were segmented into 2 groups of 'high self-efficacy' (n = 159) and 'low self-efficacy' (n = 118) according to the cluster analysis for self-efficacy variables. The 'high self-efficacy' group exhibited higher education(p < 0.01) and served less lunch meals than other groups (p < 0.05). According to multiple regression analysis, the emotional display proved to be significantly and positively related to emotional exhaustion (${\beta}$=0.319, p<0.001) in high self-efficacy group. However both emotional display (${\beta}$=0.233, p<0.05) and surface acting (${\beta}$=0.262, p<0.01) were positively related to emotional exhaustion in the low self-efficacy group. These results suggest that school dietitians should be more aware of their self-efficacy to relieve the effects of the emotional labor on emotional exhaustion.

• Stress
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of resilience and social support to analyze that call center consultants' emotional labor impacts on the burnout. Methods: A survey questionnaire was conducted to people who work at call center in Gwangju and Deagu. The data from 444 were analyzed. Results: The result from the hierarchical multiple regression is as follows. First, deep acting decreased burnout, but surface acting of emotional labor increased burnout. Also, frequency of emotion display, variety of emotion required to be expressed and attentiveness to required display rules increased burnout. Second, Resilience had moderating effect between deep acting and burnout. Third, the moderate effect of interaction of social support from leader with surface action was found at burnout. Also, moderating effect of social support from leader were shown in frequency of emotion display with burnout and attentiveness to required display rules with burnout. Fourth, social support from colleague did not have buffering effect on emotional labor and burnout. Conclusions: It is expected that the moderator variables identified in this study can be used for prevention and treatment of burnout caused by emotional labor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.610-618
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in emotional labor strategies, burnout, and work engagement according to general characteristics of school foodservice employees as well as verify differential effects of two emotional labor strategies on burnout and work engagement. Our survey was administered to 400 school foodservice employees in Gyeongbuk from March 3 to April 25, 2014. A total of 358 completed questionnaires were returned, and 350 questionnaires were used for final analysis. For verification of mean differences, the mean scores for surface acting, deep acting, burnout, and work engagement were shown to be 2.38/5.00, 3.46, 2.67, and 3.41, respectively. The mean surface acting was significantly different according to cooking certification (P<0.001), turnover number (P<0.001), salary (P<0.001), and school level (P<0.01). The mean deep acting was significantly different according to educational background (P<0.001), cooking certification (P<0.001), employment status (P<0.001), salary (P<0.001), school level (P<0.01), and meal service time (P<0.05). The mean burnout was significantly different according to educational background (P<0.01), cooking certification (P<0.05), employment status (P<0.001), school level (P<0.001), and meal service time (P<0.001). The mean work engagement was significantly different according to cooking certification (P<0.001), employment satus (P<0.001), salary (P<0.001), school level (P<0.01), and meal service time (P<0.05). Verification of causal models found that surface acting and deep acting increased burnout and deep acting, respectively (research model). Additionally, surface acting did not influence work engagement, and deep acting did not influence burnout (alternative models). In other words, we identified that emotional labor strategies have differential influences on burnout and work engagement. Finally, implications and limitations of this study are discussed.