• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the degree that perceived social support effects the self esteem of the elderly. Method: A structured questionnaire was administered to 203 elderly subjects from April 2003 to June 2003. The data were analyzed with an SPSS program for escriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The level of social support was moderate; family support received the highest score among sources of support. In types of support, appraisal support was the highest score and material was the lowest. The level of self esteem was also moderate. The score of social support showed a slightly high positive correlation with self esteem. In general characteristics, several variables were significantly related to self esteem. The most powerful predictor of self esteem was material support by family and the variance explained was 19.6%. A combination of material support by family, informational support by relatives, perceived economic status, perceived health status, and having a subject to depend on accounted for 39.8% of the variance in self esteem of the elderly. Conclusion: To increase the self esteem of the elderly, it is necessary to consolidate material support by family.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on anxiety of patients who had received hemopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT). Method: A total of 81 patients who had undergone a HSCT at a university hospital were recruited from July of 2001 to June of 2002. They were asked to complete questionnaires about anxiety, self-esteem, family support, doctor's support and nurse's support. Result: The mean score of anxiety, self-esteem, family support, doctor's support and nurse's support was 41.9, 3.0, 4.6, 7.6 and 7.3, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between anxiety and self-esteem. Self-esteem was positively correlated with family support, doctor's support and nurse's support. The major variable that influenced anxiety was the self-esteem, explaining 25.4% of the anxiety. Conclusion: On the basis of these results, it is necessary for HSCT patients to develop a nursing intervention for the enhancement of self esteem. Also, family support, doctor's support and nurse's support should be considered as a main support system in the nursing strategy for improving the quality of life of patients undergone HSCT.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.43-62
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of child care teachers' happiness and social support on job performance. Methods: The subjects were 380 teachers employed in child care centers and kindergartens in Gyeonggi Province. Self-report questionnaires were used to investigate teachers' happiness, social support and job performance. The data were analyzed by frequency, percent, Pearson's correlation and stepwise regression with the SPSS program. Results: The results of this study were as follow. First, teachers' job performance was positively associated with teachers' happiness. The highest correlation sub-variable was purpose in life. Next were personal growth, self-acceptance, environmental mastery and autonomy. And the last was positive relationships with others. Teachers' job performance was positively associated with teachers' social support. The highest correlation sub-variable was evaluative support. Next were affective support and material support. And the last was informative support. Second, teachers' happiness and social support affected job performance. Evaluative support, which was a sub-variable of social support, affected job satisfaction. And personal growth, purpose in life, and self-acceptance, which were sub-variables of happiness, affected job satisfaction. Conclusion: This study revealed that teacher's happiness and social support were important factors for teachers job performance.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2021

Objective: This study examined the relationships among social support in the workplace, social support outside the workplace, child care teachers' psychological burnout, and teacher-child interactions. Methods: The subjects of this study were 262 child care teachers and they responded to questionnaires on research variables. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: First, social support outside the workplace had a direct effect on teacher-child interactions; that is, child care teachers, who perceived that they received a high level of social support outside the workplace, had high-quality interactions with children. Second, social support in the workplace had an indirect effect on teacher-child interactions through child care teachers' psychological burnout. In other words, child care teachers, who perceived that they received a high level of social support in the workplace, experienced less psychological burnout, which led to high-quality interactions with children. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that the paths in which social support in the workplace and social support outside the workplace influence teacher-child interactions were different. Although the pathways were different, the results of this study emphasize that both types of social support are important factors that promote teacher-child interactions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.418-428
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• 1999

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of group social support and individual social support on the reduction of burden and improvement in family functioning of families with asthmatic children. The design of this study was a randomized pre-posttest quasi-experimental design to compare the two experimental groups. The theoretical framework for this study was derived from the study of burden in family caregivers by Suh and Oh (1993) based on the main effect model of social support theories. The data were collected from February 12, 1998 to May 29, 1998 at the pediatric out patient department of a university hospital located in Suwon city. The sample consisted of 39 family members who were identified as families with asthmatic children, Eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to the group social support group and 21 were assigned to the individual social support group. Group and individual social support members were seen for 60 to 90 minutes, four times over one to three weeks. The instruments used in this study were the Burden Scale developed by Suh & Oh(1993), the Visual Analogue Scale, and the Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACES-III) developed by Olson, Portner, and Lavee(1985). The collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, x$^2$-test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, t-test, ANOVA (Scheff), Pearson correlation coefficient. multiple regression, and social support process and content analysis. The results are as follow : 1. There was no significant difference before the experimental treatment among the subjects in the group social support group and individual social support group for general characteristics, burden, or family functioning. 2. Hypothesis 1 : “There will be a greater reduction on the burden score of the group social support group compared to the individual social support group” was not statistically significant(U＝174.5, p＝.683). The burden scores showed a significant decrease after participation in social support as compared to before participation for both groups. However there was a tendency for more reduction in the burden scores for the group social support than for individual social support. 3. Hypothesis 2 : “There will be a greater improvement in the family functioning scores for the group social support group compared to the individual social support group” was not statistically significant(U＝153.0. p＝.309). There was a tendency toward improvement in the family functioning scores of the group social support as compared to that of the individual social support. 4. According to the length of the treatment period, families with asthmatic children displayed affirmative responses, and the families set up a self-help group of mothers with asthmatic children in order to share their experiences, to get information and to solve their problems. In conclusion, it was found that group social support was the more effective nursing intervention for reducing burden and for improving family functioning of families with asthmatic children.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.277-291
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• 1995

The study was designed to grasp the mental health of junior college students and identify the relation between mental health and social support. The subjects for this study were 781 sophomores attending T junior college in Taegu. The data were collected through questionnaire during the period from september 10,1993 to september 24, 1993. The results of this can be summarized as follows: In mental health the average mark was 1.94 on the basis of 5 marks. Those whose mark was more than 75% (low) had Depression(8.7%),Obsessive compulsive reaction(5.2%) Anxiety(3.6%). In social support, the average mark was 3.03 on the basis of 4 marks, which showed comparatively high support; relationship with friends was 75.4%, companionship was 75.4%, and mutual understanding was 72.3%. Many students got more than 75% in total marks. In the state of mental health, there was a significant difference depending on sex, total income, the character and the attitude toward his parents. There is also an unusual difference in social support depending on the major subjects, the character, the problem at present and the attitude toward his parents. In mental health, both male and female students got higher marks in Depression, Obsessive compulsive reaction than in any other item. In social support level all students had a high support in the relationship with friends and mutual understanding. Those who are affectionate to and dependent on their parents had a tendency to have better mental health. The simple correlation modules between social support mark and mental health one was -0.5555 and the partial correlation modules of controlling sex, age, growth place was -0.5557. There was little difference between them. In mental health items Interpersonal sensitivity was highest correlated with social support and Somatinization was lowest correlated. There was a significant correlation between mental health and social support: the higher social support were, the better mental health was. In conclusion, the study showed that the relationship between the social support and the mental health level revealed a significant correlation. In social support Expressive support (companionship support, mutual understanding support) showed a higher degree of support than instrumental support(monetary support, demand support). Therefore, in the guidance of students, it is necessary to expand expressive support considering these respects. Further multidimensional study is needed on how to improve the mental health of junior students through the social support.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Purpose - This research analyzes overseas expansion support systems for small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Japan. Germany and Japan have developed overseas expansion support policies for such enterprises. The study then explores the implications for Korea and its local governments. Research design, data, and methodology - We did a comparative analysis of Japan and Germany and their support for overseas expansion of small and medium companies. Data were mainly collected from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the Germany Trade and Invest (Germany) agency through statistics and literature surveys, and analysis studies. Results - First, human resources cultivation and funding support policies, which both Germany and Japan use as part of small- and medium-sized enterprise policies, should be modified to Korean circumstances and to reflect its own small- and medium-sized enterprise support needs. Second, both the German policies that support overseas expansion of small- and medium-sized enterprises and those of Japan's include the philosophy and methods that put an emphasis on these enterprises, despite the fact that there are big differences in the overseas policies in these two countries. Third, German and Japanese governments are embracing the idea that small- and medium-sized enterprises are key to their national economies and implementing policies based on the ratio occupied by these enterprises in the domestic consumption or GDP. In other words, Germany and Japan consider small- and medium-sized enterprises as central to their nation's industry, and assess them as economic industry that should definitely exist for the continued survival of big businesses, and not just as merely supplemental to big business. Fourth, whereas Germany emphasizes support to product exhibition in its overseas expansion support policies, Japan is providing integrated support containing foreign direct investment to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Fifth, there are differences in the overseas expansion support in Germany and Japan in terms of their support to big business. Whereas Germany considers support to big business unnecessary, Japan is implementing active support policies to areas corresponding to big business. Korea will have to benchmark the policies of Germany and Japan, and decide whether or not to give full support to small- and medium-sized enterprises, while excluding areas supporting big business. Conclusions - Based on this analysis of German and Japanese overseas expansion support policies, we need to choose the policies that will engender a solid outcome and derive modified policies for the circumstances of Korea. Additionally, we can use the comparison of the overseas support policies of Japan and Germany to choose small- and medium-sized enterprise overseas expansion support policies for Korea. However, we cannot provide specific overseas support policies by industry. This point will be referenced as a limitation of this study. In future research, we expect that some researchers will take an empirical approach to exploring Korean overseas expansion support through collecting cases of overseas support policies and interviewing policy authorities.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.46-70
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• 2007

Customer Support Knowledge of Customer Support Organization is one of the important assets of enterprises and "Customer Support Knowledge Management" is also the critical aspect of Business Knowledge Management; however, the attributes of Customer Support Knowledge are complicated, diverse, renewed rapidly and difficult to be managed. Thus, in order to design a successful Customer Support Knowledge Management System, apart from the consideration of "human" and "information technology" aspects, the concerns of attributes and Customer Support Knowledge and industry characteristics should be involved for meeting the requirements of Customer Support Organization and allowing the organization to acquire the competitive advantage of "Differentiation Service". This research used the "Customer Support Knowledge Management System" in a high-tech industry as an example and treated the end users of medical instruments in different types of hospitals in Taiwan which have received the support service of our company in recent six months as the population. The end users were mostly the nursing executives or ultrasonic wave technical personnel in intensive care unit and they had similar educational background and incomes and adopted the medical instruments such as physical supervision system, ultrasonic wave system, heart start or ECG machine produced by our company; the research method was to randomly treat the investigation results of the telephone customers' satisfaction from respective 30 end users in the population three months before and after this system execution as the samples and use hypotheses to validate if the end users' customer satisfaction significantly improved in terms of "Remote Support," "On-site Support," "Service Turn Around time," "Technical Competence" and "Manner" in order to understand the influence and managerial significance of execution of "Customer Support Knowledge Management System" on Customer Support Organization.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.575-587
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• 2024

The contact pressure between the surrounding rock and the support is an important indicator of the surrounding rock pressure. There has been a bottleneck in the prediction of contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support in deep-buried mountain tunnels. The main reason is that a reliable method wasn't existed to quantify the contact loads. This study had been taken into account the flexible support role of the primary support, and the fitting curve of surrounding rock deformation for dynamic tunnel construction was proposed. New formulas for the calculation of contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support were obtained by inversion. Comparative analysis of the calculation results with numerical simulation verified the reliability of the calculation method in this study. It can be seen from the analyses that the contact load between surrounding rock and primary support increases, remains unchanged and decreases during acceleration, uniform velocity and deceleration, respectively, and the deformation of the surrounding rock in the acceleration and deceleration stages cannot completely converted into contact loads. The contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support of medium-strength and weak surrounding rock tunnels are generally within 150 kPa and 1 MPa, respectively. For tunnels with weak surrounding rock, advanced support can be installed to reduce the unique release coefficient λ₀ and the value of the constant D, with the purpose of reducing the contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support. Changes in support parameters have a small effect on the contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support, but increase or decrease the safety factor, resulting in a waste of resources or a situation that threatens the safety of the support. The results of this research provide guidance for the prediction of contact loads between surrounding rock and primary support for dynamic tunnel construction.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2005

We review support vector and wavelet density estimation. The relationship between support vector and wavelet density estimation in reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) is investigated in order to use wavelets as a variety of support vector kernels in support vector density estimation.