• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.875-878
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• 2007

본 연구는 우울증을 일으키는 매개요인 중 단일요인으로 무망감이 청소년 인터넷 중독에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아보고자 한다. 우선 질문지들의 신뢰도와 문항요인분석을 실시한 후 무망감 우울증상 정도를 보여주는 HDSQ(Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire)질문지와 Beck 무망감척도를 보여주는 BHS(Beck Hopelessness Scale)질문지를 이용 학생들의 무망감 상태를 측정하고 무망감상태인 집단과 한국형 인터넷중독자가진단검사지(K-척도)상에서의 사용자군 간 상관을 비교 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 질문지의 신뢰도와 타당도는 높았고 문항하부요인을 통해 무망감상태의 학생집단과 인터넷 중독 사용자군에 따른 상관을 비교해본 결과, 모든 하위요인들이 사용자군에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 특히 HDSQ, BHS 모두에서 인터넷 중독 고위험 사용자군의 평균이 가장 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 무망감이 인터넷 중독 사용자들에게 영향을 미친다는 점을 시사한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2448-2452
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• 2014

Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for $S_NAr$ reactions of Y-substituted-phenoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzenes (1a-1g) with hydrazine and glycylglycine in 80 mol % $H_2O$/20 mol % DMSO at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. Hydrazine is 14.6-23.4 times more reactive than glycylglycine. The magnitude of the ${\alpha}$-effect increases linearly as the substituent Y becomes a stronger electron-withdrawing group (EWG). The Br${\o}$nsted-type plots for the reactions with hydrazine and glycylglycine are linear with ${\beta}_{lg}=-0.21$ and -0.14, respectively, which is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with expulsion of the leaving group occurring after rate-determining step (RDS). The Hammett plots correlated with ${\sigma}^{\circ}$ constants result in much better linear correlations than ${\sigma}^-$ constants, indicating that expulsion of the leaving group is not advanced in the transition state (TS). The reaction of 1a-1g with hydrazine has been proposed to proceed through a five-membered cyclic intermediate ($T_{III}$), which is structurally not possible for the reaction with glycylglycine. Stabilization of the intermediate $T_{III}$ through intramolecular H-bonding interaction has been suggested as an origin of the ${\alpha}$-effect exhibited by hydrazine.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2271-2288
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• 2015

The emerging high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard adopts the quadtree-structured transform unit (TU) in the residual quadtree (RQT) coding. Each TU allows to be split into four equal sub-TUs recursively. The RQT coding is performed for all the possible transform depth levels to achieve the highest coding efficiency, but it requires a very high computational complexity for HEVC encoders. In order to reduce the computational complexity requested by the RQT coding, in this paper, we propose a fast TU size decision method incorporating an adaptive maximum transform depth determination (AMTD) algorithm and a full check skipping - early termination (FCS-ET) algorithm. Because the optimal transform depth level is highly content-dependent, it is not necessary to perform the RQT coding at all transform depth levels. By the AMTD algorithm, the maximum transform depth level is determined for current treeblock to skip those transform depth levels rarely used by its spatially adjacent treeblocks. Additionally, the FCS-ET algorithm is introduced to exploit the correlations of transform depth level between four sub-CUs generated by one coding unit (CU) quadtree partitioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed overall algorithm significantly reduces on average 21% computational complexity while maintaining almost the same rate distortion (RD) performance as the HEVC test model reference software, HM 13.0.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2004

Purpose: A descriptive study was conducted to examine the levels of distress, state anxiety, and physiologic responses in postoperative patients under patient controlled analgesia (PCA), and to determine correlations among the variables. Method: The study sample included women who underwent an elective hysterectomy procedure or other gynecologic surgeries(N=100). Subjective distress was assessed by visual analog scales around 8 hours postoperatively. Trained nurses collected objective distress data through observation of subject's behavior and vital signs. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and the Scheffe post test using SPSS/PC 11.0. Result: Subjective distress, objective distress, and state anxiety scores were relatively low, except pain scores(5.31 out of 10.0) among sub-scales of subjective distress. Women who had a total abdominal hysterectomy showed significantly higher levels of both subjective distress and state anxiety than those after a minor gynecologic surgery. In relationships among variables, subjective distress correlated positively with postoperative state anxiety, but not with the amount of analgesic medication, verified by further analysis on sub-scales of subjective and objective distress. The higher the levels of state anxiety, the higher the levels of tension, dyspnea, facial change, and systolic blood pressure observed. Conclusion: Regardless of effective pain management, most postoperatively experienced distress in gynecological patients was derived from surgery associated anxiety and pain. Specific psychological strategies should be established as well for those with high levels of state anxiety to facilitate prompt recovery.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate creative confluence competency of occupational therapy students and to understand the correlations between five sub-elements of creative confluence competency. Methods : The subjects of this study were 132 occupational therapy students. The data collection period was from February 12, 2020, to February 28, 2020. A Google questionnaire was used to collect data through SNS; 16 data with insufficient responses were excluded, and 116 data were finally analyzed. The collected data was processed using SPSS 21.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : The mean scores for creative confluence competency of the occupational therapy students is as follows: Creative ability 3.12±.58, creative personality 3.29±.55, creative leadership 3.50±.53, convergent thinking 3.23±.57, confluent value creation 3.04±.59. Occupational therapy students' creative leadership competence was highest, and confluent value creation competence was lowest. The average score of creative confluence competency of occupational therapy students was 3.12±.58, and the Cronbach' α value of the creative confluence competency was .97, which was very reliable. There was a positive correlation between the five sub-elements of creative confluence competency. Conclusion : The data in this study are related to efforts to improve occupational therapy students' creative confluence competency and prepare for convergence education. And It is expected to be used as basic data for the development of occupational therapist competency to prepare for the 4th industrial revolution.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1026-1036
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• 2014

Real-time monitoring for environmental factors (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, etc.) and fugacity of carbon dioxide ($fCO_2$) was conducted at an oyster Crassostrea gigas farm in Goseong Bay, south coast of Korea during 2-4th of November, 2011. Surface temperature and salinity were ranged from $17.9-18.7^{\circ}C$ and 32.7-33.8, respectively, with daily and inter-daily variations due to tidal currents. Surface $fCO_2$ showed a range of $390-510{\mu}atm$ and was higher than air $CO_2$ during the study period. Surface temperature, salinity and $fCO_2$ are showed significant correlations with chl.-a and nutrients, respectively. It means when chl.-a value is high in surface water of the oyster farm, active biological production consume $CO_2$ and nutrients from environments and produce oxygen, suggesting a tight feedback between biological processes and environmental reaction. Thus, factors affecting the surface $fCO_2$ were evaluated using a simple mass balance. Temperature and biological productions by phytoplankton are the main factors for $CO_2$ drawdown from afternoon to early night, while biological respiration increases seawater $CO_2$ at night. Air-sea exchange fraction acts as a $CO_2$ decreasing gear during the study period and is much effective when the wind speed is higher than $2-3m\;s^{-1}$. Future studies about organic carbon and biological production/respiration are required for evaluating the roles of oyster farms on carbon sink and coastal carbon cycle.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2020

본 연구는 고등학생들의 장애인식과 학업스트레스가 통합체육 수업 몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 목적을 갖고 분석한 결과 장애인식, 학업스트레스, 통합체육 수업몰입 간 상관관계 결과 장애인식은 학업스트레스와 음의 상관 관계가 있으며, 하위변수 중 부모스트레스, 자기스트레스와 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 통합체육 수업몰입과 양의 상관관계가 있으며 하위변수 모두 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 학업스트레스와 통합체육 수업몰입은 음의 상관관계가 있으며 하위변수 모두 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 장애인식과 학업스트레스가 통합체육 수업시간에 적극적인 몰입에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 일반적인 특성에 따른 차이를 중심으로 살펴보았고 장애인식과 학업스트레스가 통합 체육 수업시간에 적극적인 몰입에 미치는 영향이 통합체육에서 추구하는 통합을 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the cervical angle with kyphosis. Methods : We investigated 340 cases of patients who had cervical kyphosis. We used cervical angle, flexion malposition angle, odontoid process cline angle, axis-atlas cline angle, odontoid process-atlas cline angle and occiput-atlas cline angle. Correlations between cervical angle and flexion malposition angle, odontoid process cline angle, axis-atlas cline angle, odontoid process-atlas cline angle, occiput-atlas cline angle were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis. Results : The correlation between cervical angle and flexion malposition angle was p-value 0.007, and odontoid process cline angle was p-value 0.002, and axis-atlas cline angle was p-value 0.000, and odontoid process-atlas cline angle was p-value 0.000, and occiput-atlas cline angle was p-value 0.012. Conclusions : Flexion malposition angle, odontoid process cline angle are inversely proportional to cervical angle. And correlation is statistically significant(p<0.01). Axis-atlas cline angle, odontoid process-atlas cline angle are proportional to cervical angle. And correlation is statistically significant(p<0.01). Occiput-atlas cline angle is proportional to cervical angle. And correlation is statistically significant(p<0.05).

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

본 연구는 그동안 이산화탄소의 유동 방향 연구에서 지적된 지상관측자료의 시 공간적 제약성을 극복하고자, 최초의 온실가스 측정 전용 위성인 GOSAT을 활용하여 동북아시아 지역의 계절별 이산화탄소의 유동 방향을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 크리깅 분석을 적용하여 결측값을 보완하고, 이방성 베리오그램을 통해 전체적인 이산화탄소의 유동 방향을 결정하였다. 그 결과 동북아시아의 이산화탄소 공간적 분포 양상은 위도대에 일치하는 변화추세를 확인할 수 있었으며, 계절별 유동성은 봄, 가을, 겨울의 경우 남동쪽 및 동쪽으로 유동되는 이산화탄소가 주를 이루어 나타났으며, 여름에 경우 북쪽 및 북동쪽으로 이동하는 흐름이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 동북아시아 지역에서 나타나는 계절풍과 유사한 흐름으로 주로 서에서 동으로 이동되는 경우가 주를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이는 중국에서 배출된 이산화탄소가 한반도와 일본까지 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 그러나 이산화탄소의 유동은 인위적 배출원과 식생의 호흡, 해양의 배출과 흡수 등의 다양한 요인과 결부되어 달라지기 때문에 이산화탄소 유동에 개입되는 다양한 변수와 상관성을 평가하는 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2015

In this work, we study the correlation between the photon index (${\Gamma}$) of the X-ray spectrum and the 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity ($L_X$) for black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs). The BHB sample is mainly from the quiescent, hard and intermediate states, with values of $L_X$ ranging from ${\sim}10^{30.5}$ to $10^{37.5}$ erg $s^{-1}$. We find that the photon index ${\Gamma}$ is positively or negatively correlated with the X-ray luminosity $L_X$, for $L_X$ above or below a critical value, ${\sim}10^{36.5}$ erg $s^{-1}$. This result is consistent with previous works. Moreover, when $L_X{\leq}{\sim}10^{33}$ erg $s^{-1}$, we found that the photon index is roughly independent of the X-ray luminosity. We interpret the above correlations in the framework of a coupled hot accretion flow - jet model. Besides, we also find that in the moderate-luminosity region, different sources may have different anti-correlation slopes, and we argue this diversity is caused by the different value of ${\delta}$, which describes the fraction of turbulent dissipation that directly heats electrons.