• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2006

In the present study, the potential hepatoprotective effects of poly herbal formulation, Hepa-1000, against oxidative damages induced by t-BHP were evaluated in HepG2 cells in order to relate in vitro antioxidant activity with cytoprotective effects. The t-BHP induced considerable cell damage in HepG2 cells was shown by significant glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and increased lipid peroxidation. Hepa-1000-treated cells showed an increased resistance to oxidative challenge, as revealed by higher survival capacity than the one of control cells against t-BHP induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. In addition, the Hepa-1000 had hepatoprotective effects lowering the activity of GOT and LDH, simultaneously. That is, it could inhibit the cell membrane damages resulting in the increased activities of GOT and LDH in the cell culture media. Furthermore, the Hepa-1000 could reduce t-BHP enhanced lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated by measuring the production of malonedialdehyde. Based on the data described above, it could be suggested that the Hepa-1000 has significant hepatoprotective effects and plays a protective role against lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2021

In recent years, there has been an increase in the morbidity of gastritis in Korea due to lifestyle factors mostly changes in eating habits and stress. Gastritis is more likely to progress to gastric cancer, and therefore it is important to prevent and manage gastritis through lifestyle adjustment and treatment at an early stage. In this study, cabbage, which was found to be effective in gastritis, was mixed and fermented with other crucifer plants such as kale and broccoli to evaluate the overall efficacy of fermented brassica puree on alcoholic acute gastritis. Based on our results, fermented brassica puree alleviated gastric injury induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol. In addition, it was confirmed that PGE₂, a gastric mucosal protective factor, was increased, and other positive effects such as an increase of MUC1 and regulation of PKC were observed. The results of this study suggest that fermented brassica puree can relieve acute alcoholic gastritis by regulating PGE and the expression of MUC1, a gene related to mucus secretion, and activating PKC, which is related to mucosal cell activity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2018

R2R3 유형의 단백질인 IbMYB1 전사인자는 고구마의 뿌리에서 안토시아닌 생합성 과정을 조절하는 중요한 단백질이다. 선행연구에서 IbMYB1 유전자의 발현 증가를 통한 안토시아닌의 합성 증가가 담배, 애기장대 및 고구마의 저장뿌리에서 증명된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 괴경(저장줄기) 특이적 PATATIN 프로모터와 산화스트레스 유도성 SWPA2 프로모터의 조절하에서 안토시아닌을 고함유하는 IbMYB1 유전자 과발현 형질전환 감자를 개발하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. PAT-IbMYB1 형질전환 식물체들은 대조구 식물체 및 SWPA2-IbMYB1 식물체 보다 높은 안토시아닌 함량을 괴경에서 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로서, IbMYB1의 과발현은 형질전환 기술을 이용한 특정 조직 특이적 안토시아닌 생산에 매우 좋은 개발 기술이 될 것으로 생각되는 바이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2019

Plants are exposed to biotic stresses caused by pathogen attack and complex abiotic stresses including heat and drought by dynamic climate changes. To alleviate these stresses, we investigated two bacterial stains, H26-2 and H30-3 in two cultivars ('Ryeokkwang' and 'Buram-3-ho') of Chinese cabbage in plastic pots in a greenhouse. We evaluated effects of bacterial strains on plant growth-promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses; the role of exopolysaccharides as one of bacterial determinants on alleviating stresses; biocontrol activity against soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PCC21. Strains H26-2 and H30-3 significantly increased fresh weights compared to a $MgSO_4$ solution; reduced leaf wilting and promoted recovery after re-watering under heat and drought stresses. Chinese cabbages treated with H26-2 and H30-3 increased leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced stomatal opening after stresses treatments, in addition, these strains stably colonized and maintained their populations in rhizosphere during heat and drought stresses. As well as tested bacterial cells, exopolysaccharides (EPS) of H30-3 could be one of bacterial determinants for alleviation of tested stresses in Chinese cabbages, however, the effects were different to cultivars of Chinese cabbages. In addition to bacterial activity to abiotic stresses, H30-3 could suppress incidence (%) of soft rot in 'Buram-3-ho'. The tested strains were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Taken together, H26-2 and H30-3 could be candidates for both plant growth promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses in Chinese cabbage.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.422-433
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• 2018

Objective: Neuropsychiatric manifestations like depression and cognitive dysfunction commonly occur in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the context of the brain-gut axis model, colitis can lead to alteration of brain function in a bottom-up manner. Here, the changes in the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammation-related markers in the brain in colitis were studied. Methods: Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to generate a mouse model of colitis. Mice were treated with DSS for 3 or 7 days and sacrificed. We analyzed the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the expression of GFAP, in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Additionally, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum cortisol/corticosterone were measured. Results: Alteration of inflammatory-related markers varied depending on the brain region and exposure time. In the hippocampus, COX-2 mRNA, GFAP mRNA, and GFAP expression were upregulated during exposure to DSS. However, in the hypothalamus, COX-2 mRNA was upregulated only 3 days after treatment. In the amygdala, BDNF and COX-2 mRNAs were downregulated. CRP and corticosterone expression increased with DSS treatment at day 7. Conclusion: IBD could lead to neuroinflammation in a bottom-up manner, and this effect varied according to brain region. Stress-related hormones and serum inflammatory markers, such as CRP, were upregulated from the third day of DSS treatment. Therefore, early and active intervention is required to prevent psychological and behavioral changes caused by IBD, and region-specific studies can help understand the precise mechanisms by which IBD affects the brain.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2019

We published that bacterial heme was over-produced in a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase ($hemA^+$) under control of a constitutive promoter ($P_{180}$) and the heme-producing C. glutamicum had commercial potentials; as an iron feed additive for swine and as a preservative for lactic acid bacteria. To enhance the heme production, the $hemA^+$ gene was expressed under controls of various promoters in the recombinant C. glutamicum. The $hemA^+$ expression by $P_{gapA}$ (a constitutive glycolytic promoter of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) led 75% increase of heme production while the expression by $P_{H36}$ (a constitutive, very strong synthetic promoter) resulted in 50% decrease compared with the control ($hemA^+$ expression by $P_{180}$ constitutive promoter). The $hemA^+$ expression by a late log-phase activating $P_{sod}$ (an oxidative-stress responding promoter of superoxide dismutase) led 50% greater heme production than the control. The $hemA^+$ expression led by a heat-shock responding chaperone promoter ($P_{dnaK}$) resulted in 121% increase of heme production at the optimized heat-shock conditions. The promoter strength and induction phase are discussed based on the results for the heme production at an industrial scale.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.508-520
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• 2019

Interplay between Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)/Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and its host plant Phalaenopsis equestris remain largely unknown, which led to deficiency of effective measures to control disease of P. equestris caused by infecting viruses. In this study, for the first time, we characterized viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) profiles in P. equestris co-infected with CymMV and ORSV through small RNA sequencing technology. CymMV and ORSV small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) demonstrated several general and specific/new characteristics. vsiRNAs, with A/U bias at the first nucleotide, were predominantly 21-nt long and they were derived predominantly (90%) from viral positive-strand RNA. 21-nt siRNA duplexes with 0-nt overhangs were the most abundant 21-nt duplexes, followed by 2-nt overhangs and then 1-nt overhangs 21-nt duplexes in infected P. equestris. Continuous but heterogeneous distribution and secondary structures prediction implied that vsiRNAs originate predominantly by direct Dicer-like enzymes cleavage of imperfect duplexes in the most folded regions of the positive strand of both viruses RNA molecular. Furthermore, we totally predicted 54 target genes by vsiRNAs with psRNATarget server, including disease/stress response-related genes, RNA interference core components, cytoskeleton-related genes, photosynthesis or energy supply related genes. Gene Ontology classification showed that a majority of the predicted targets were related to cellular components and cellular processes and performed a certain function. All target genes were down-regulated with different degree by vsiRNAs as shown by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Taken together, CymMV and ORSV siRNAs played important roles in interplay with P. equestris by down modulating the expression levels of endogenous genes in host plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2021

Saponarin found in young barley sprouts has a variety of beneficial biological and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. Our previous work demonstrated that saponarin content was correlated with the expression levels of three biosynthetic pathway genes [chalcone synthase (HvCHS1), chalcone isomerase (HvCHI), and UDP-Glc:isovitexin 7-O-glucosyltransferase (HvOGT1)] in young barley seedlings under various abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the saponarin content and expression levels of three saponarin biosynthetic pathway genes in hulled and hulless domestic barley cultivars. In the early developmental stages, some hulled barley cultivars (Kunalbori1 and Heukdahyang) had much higher saponarin contents than did the hulless barley cultivars. An RNA expression analysis showed that in most barley cultivars, decreased saponarin content correlated with reduced expression of HvCHS1 and HvCHI, but not HvOGT1. Heat map analysis revealed both specific increases in HvCHS1 expression in certain hulled and hulless barley cultivars, as well as general changes that occurred during the different developmental stages of each barley cultivar. In summary, our results provide a molecular genetic basis for the metabolic engineering of barley plants to enhance their saponarin content.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome P-encoded protein HBV DNA polymerase (Pol) has long been known as a reverse transcriptase during HBV replication. In this study, we investigated the impact of HBV Pol on host cellular processes, mainly apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms. We showed a marked reduction in apoptotic rates in the HBV Pol-expressed HepG2 cells compared to controls. Moreover, a series of assays, i.e., yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, identified the host factor eEF1A2 to be associated with HBV Pol. Furthermore, knockdown of eEF1A2 gene by siRNA abrogated the HBV Pol-mediated anti-apoptotic effect with apoptosis induced by endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress-inducer thapsigargin (TG), thus suggesting that the host factor eEF1A2 is essential for HBV Pol's anti-apoptosis properties. Our findings have revealed a novel role for HBV Pol in its modulation of apoptosis through integrating with eEF1A2.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.681-698
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• 2022

The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and rohu carp Labeo rohita are farmed commercially worldwide. Production of these important finfishes is rapidly expanding, and intensive culture practices can lead to stress in fish, often reducing resistance to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and other drugs are routinely used for the treatment of diseases and sometimes applied preventatively to combat microbial pathogens. This strategy is responsible for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, mass killing of environmental/beneficial bacteria, and residual effects in humans. As an alternative, the administration of probiotics has gained acceptance for disease control in aquaculture. Probiotics have been found to improve growth, feed utilization, immunological status, disease resistance, and to promote transcriptomic profiles and internal microbial balance of host organisms. The present review discusses the effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on growth, immunity, heamato-biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of the above-mentioned finfishes. The application and outcome of probiotics in the field or open pond system, gaps in existing knowledge, and issues worthy of further research are also highlighted.