• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.169-172
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• 2008

Recently, landscape lighting is more and more installing in many places such as park, cultural heritages, large-scale structures, bridges, apartment, and so on. However, there is no the government-set official estimation for standard wages constructing luminaries for landscape lighting. The cost of construction is estimated based on the standard wages of related-similar installations such as internal lighting fixtures or the designer's subjective decision. Sometimes, it is overestimated or underestimated. In this paper, the fundamental process for estimating the standard wages constructing luminaries for landscape lighting is studied. The estimation method of standard wages constructing lighting fixtures was examined on the basis of the type and capacities of luminaries, installation places, type and shapes of installation auxiliary materials, worker's skill, and etc. As a result, some results obtained in this work were significantly, different with the standard wages for internal electric wiring published by Korea Electric Association. In the future, to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the standard wages for constructing luminaries for landscope lighting, detailed factors related to the installation condition and dimensions and types of luminaries should be considered.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.677-683
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• 2011

The present paper describes the setup of standard partial discharge calibrator for measuring partial discharge and estimating uncertainties. The standard PD calibrator was designed and set up, consisting of a digital pulse generator, capacitor modules, and a digital oscilloscope controlled by software developed in the laboratory. Using this software, averages of charges and rising times and their standard deviations in the measured pulses can also be calculated. The standard PD calibrator generates five types of pulses: single, double, random, oscillating, and long-rising. The coefficient sensitivities to estimate the uncertainties of pulses were extracted in the model circuit of the standard PD calibrator. The uncertainties of charges and rising times in pulses of the standard PD calibrator were estimated with single pulses. These values were 0.3%-1.4% in charges and 1.9%-7.0% in rising time; however, these values are lower than the limit values in IEC 60270.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

Construction industry is faced with the problems such as the quickly changeable circumstance and increasing construction companies due to regulation mollification of company registration. In order to overcome these problems, new estimation system based on historical estimation cost is ready to introduce by government step by step. But the time of transition for estimation system causes another problems such as chaos addition to simultaneity of a standard of estimation system and new estimation system, lack of related regulation, accumulation of historical extensive cost data, and adjustment methodology when historical estimation data is applied to next projects. The purpose of this study is to suggest the change factors by activities for estimating historical cost for apartment housing projects. New estimation system is based on historical construction data. For application of this system, the standard adjustment methodology system is necessary. and extensive cost data should be accumulated under an unified construction work classification system. Therefore in this study, according to the construction work classification system, every apartment housing project was classified to 16 work classifications, and 7 major composed items which occupy more than 85% of construction costs are analyzed by detailed activities and by average ratio and maximum ratio each of them. In the result of the study, furniture work, foundation work and masonry work are the works which have big gap of costs between average ration and maximum ratio. In addition to suggestion of change factor by work species, 5 qualified construction specialists are interviewed and change factors in 7 major works are analyzed.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2011

2004년 예정가격 산정방법으로 실적공사비 적산제도가 본격적으로 시행되면서 상대적으로 표준품셈 적산제도의 적용이 하락하였다. 그러나 2010년 하반기 예정가격 산정시 표준품셈 적산제도의 적용비중은 45%이며, 여전히 높은 적용비중을 유지하고 있다. 현행 표준품셈은 예정가격의 산정에 과도한 시간이 소요되고, 시공계획과 자원분배에 적용하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 이와 같은 단점을 개선하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 국내외 품셈의 형식을 고찰하여 이를 국내 도로분야 대표공종에 적용하여 기존 품셈을 일단위 작업조 기반 생산성 정보로 산출하여 유사한 조건하에서 일본 미국의 생산성 정보 및 현장자문을 통한 정보와 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 적용된 작업조기반 생산성 정보 산출 방법과 산출 정보의 효용성을 확인하고자한다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 표준품셈을 통한 작업조기반 생산성 정보 산정 방법'과 일단위 작업조 기반 생산성 정보를 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

건설사업의 단계별 진행에 따라서 공정 스케줄의 정확도에 대한 요구수준이 달라진다. 본 연구의 목적은 건설사업의 초기단계에서 활용할 수 있는 표준공정모델을 제시하여 신속하게 전체 개략공기를 산정하는 체계를 제시하는 것이다. 표준공정모델을 적용하여 작업공정을 모듈화하고, Top-down 식 접근으로 상위레벨에서 공정모듈 간 작업연관관계를 분석함으로써 신속하게 프로젝트의 공사기간을 산정할 수 있다. 표준공정모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 각 공정모듈의 작업기간이 일정하다고 가정하고, 가스 플랜트 공정에 대하여 적용시켰다. 그 결과 표준공정모델을 사용하여 계산한 개략 공사기간과 공정관리 툴을 사용한 상세 공사기간은 -3.1% 부터 +15.0%까지의 범위에서 차이를 가졌다. 이러한 결과는 제시된 표준공정모델이 일정 수준의 신뢰성을 가지는 공정 스케줄 정보를 제공하고, 사업기획과 타당성 분석 등 건설사업의 초기단계에서 신속하게 의사결정을 도울 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2014

지속가능한 발전을 추구하는 최근의 추세에서 해체산업은 자원의 재활용이나 재생측면에서 중요성이 더욱 커져가고 있다. 주택건립 및 기존주택현황을 고려할 때 해체시장의 규모는 계속 증가될 것으로 예측되고 있다. 그러나 국내에는 해체공사의 발주 및 입찰에 기본이 되는 내역기준이 매우 미비한 실정이고, 공사비를 산정하기 위한 전산시스템도 개발되어 있지 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 분별해체에 대한 시험시공 자료를 분석하여 분별해체공사의 일위대가 산정에 도움 될 수 있는 품 21개 항목과 현재 해체공사에 가장 많이 활용되고 있는 1.0m3 급 압쇄장비의 작업능력을 제시한다. 해체공사의 원활한 공사비 견적을 위해 해체공사에 특화하여 단가정보, 단가관리, 표준일위대가관리, 일위대가표, 내역서 작성, 보고서 작성 시스템을 개발하였다. 공사비 견적 시스템은 기계식해체와 발파식해체에 공통 적용가능토록 구성하였다. 본 시스템의 가장 큰 특징은 표준 WBS를 활용하여 비용견적을 수행하는 것이다. WBS는 표준 일위대가표 및 표준 DB와 연계되어 견적에 경험이 없는 사용자도 견적작업을 수행할 수 있는 장점을 갖게 된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

This study is to make value estimating system to valuate prototype landscape of rural and to derive itemized importance to select priority preservable object The results of the study are summarized as follows, It is examined value estimating standard by analyzing prototype landscape related previous study, law and order. Also, It is derived conclusive prototype landscape value estimating system by doing attribute assessment of preserving objects while surveying the site and interviewing professionals, Value estimating system is classified into five items of physical value which are integration, harmony, diversity, symbolism and aesthetics, The historical-cultural value are divided into four categories which are religious value, originality, historicity and scarcity, The communal values are divided into three categories which are sociality, continuing and regional locality and also divided into three categories which are rarity, primitiveness and diversity as the ecological value, Relative priority of prototype landscape value estimating system result is derived as historical-cultural value as the superior position and physical value, communal value and ecological value as the priority order. In the subordinate, historical categories are derived to be the most valuable and originality, symbolism, integration, regional locality, continuing, harmony, aesthetics, religious value, primitiveness, diversity of physical values and diversity of ecological value in order of the priority assessment The results of the study have the meaning of practical use in prior selection and preservation plan of preserving prototype landscape as practical alternative plan for systematical preservation of damaging prototype landscape.

• Korean journal of medical education
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply alternative standard setting methods for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE), a criterion-referenced written examination, and to compare them to the conventional cut score used on the KMLE. Methods: The process and results of criterion-referenced standard settings (i.e., the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods) were evaluated. The ratio of passing and failing examinees determined using these alternative standard setting methods was compared to the results of the conventional criteria. Additionally, the external, internal and procedural evaluation of these methods were reviewed. Results: The modified-Angoff method yielded the highest cut score, followed sequentially by the conventional method and the bookmark method. The classification agreement between the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods was 0.720 measured by Cohen's ${\kappa}$ coefficient. The intra-panelist classification consistency of modified-Angoff method was higher than bookmark method. However, the inter-panelist classification consistency was vice versa. The standard setting panelists' survey results showed that the procedures of both methods were satisfactory, but panelists had more confidence in the results of the modified-Angoff method. Conclusion: The modified-Angoff method showed results that were more similar to those of the conventional method. Both new methods showed very high concordance with the conventional method, as well as with each other. The modified-Angoff method was considered feasible for adoption on the KMLE. The standard setting panelists responded positively to the modified-Angoff method in terms of its practical applicability, despite certain advantages of the bookmark method.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.256-267
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• 2009

A method of estimating pollutant delivery ratios considering watershed physical and meteorological characteristics and flow conditions using SWAT-K watershed model was described, and pollutant delivery characteristics during dry and rainy seasons, for monthly and seasonally, and with flow regimes were investigated for the Chungju dam watershed. Delivery ratios for sediment, T-N, and T-P showed higher values over 100% during dry and winter seasons with low pollutant loads and flows, and showed relatively uniform ones under 100% during rainy and summer seasons with concentrated loads and flows. It was found that mainly wet flows during summer seasons played very important roles in investigating the delivery characteristics of total or nonpoint pollutant loads, because more than 90% of total loads were influenced by nonpoint source, and discharged with the flows. From the results, we could find out the delivery characteristics with various watershed and flow conditions which are difficult to consider by actual measurement, and could get a foothold of estimating more reasonable and scientific allocated loads for water quality standard using the reliable method of estimating delivery ratios with a watershed model.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

We consider estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple testing problems. A traditional multiple testing rate, family-wise error rate is too conservative and old to control type I error in multiple testing setups; however, false discovery rate (FDR) has received significant attention in many research areas such as GWAS data, FMRI data, and signal processing. Identify differentially expressed genes in microarray studies involves estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in FDR procedures. However, we need to account for unknown dependence structures among genes in microarray data in order to estimate the proportion of true null hypothesis since the genuine dependence structure of microarray data is unknown. We compare various procedures in simulation data and real microarray data. We consider a hidden Markov model for simulated data with dependency. Cai procedure (2007) and a sliding linear model procedure (2011) have a relatively smaller bias and standard errors, being more proper for estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in simulated data under various setups. Real data analysis shows that 5 estimation procedures among 9 procedures have almost similar values of the estimated proportion of true null hypotheses in microarray data.