• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.537-544
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is as well as Body decoration is a means to identify self-expression from the original nature of an individual freedom and originality, so there remains a race has not a cloth on, but there is no race does not pierce, it has been done with the beginning of a mankind. Subjects for this study were 202 persons, who experienced body piercing with twenties as the central figure. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 10.0 version and included AVOVA, Cronbach ${\alpha}$ realbility, Multiple Regression Analysis, Duncan's multiple range test, and Cross tabulation analysis. The result are as follow, The difference of self-conception classified by body piercer's sex distinction did not show significantly. Of the body piercer's feeling of depression to a sex role, neuter gender's feeling of depression showed highly in case of the physical self and the moral self and in case of the social self neuter's feeling and feminine gender's feeling to a sex role showed high. For the reason why he/she did body piercing, neuter gender's feeling showed high in case of influenced by the fashion and masculine gender's and feminine gender's feeling showed high in case of influenced by the curiosity. The body decoration classified by self-conception of body piercer did not show a significant difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

Purpose: In an attempt to investigate the ideal body image, body importance and body satisfaction by gender role identity, this study was carried out in male college students. Methods: The subjects were 323 male college students in all of Korea except Jeju province. The data was collected by using the questionnaires, Korean Sex Role Inventory and modified Multidimensional Body-Self Questionnaire. Results: Normal shape ranked first as ideal body image in all 4 types of gender role identity. Androgyny, femininity and masculinity type were significantly higher than undifferentiated type in body importance. And androgyny and masculinity type were significantly higher than femininity and undifferentiated type in body satisfaction. Conclusion: Androgyny and masculinity type were positively related to self body image, but undifferentiated type was negatively related to compared with androgyny and masculinity type. And to reinforce androgyny and masculinity in male college students, various programs should be developed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of married middle-aged men and women's gender-role identity, marital conflicts and psychological adjustment. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness. The data of the study were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method. The results showed that gender role identity was different according to sex. In addition, women's perceived level of marital conflict was found to be significantly different according to their gender role identity, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of marital conflict. However, men's gender role conflict was not related to their marital conflict. Furthermore, men's psychological adjustment level was not different according to their gender role identity, while women's psychological adjustment differed, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of psychological adjustment and the undifferentiated women the highest level of psychological adjustment. Finally, the result indicated that for both men and men, marital conflict were positively correlated with mid-crisis and depression, and negatively related with happiness.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.641-652
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• 1998

Chung and et al. ([2].1991) introduced a new concept of a manifold, denoted by $^{\ast}g-SEX_n$, in Einstein's n-dimensional $^{\ast}g$-unified field theory. The manifold $^{\ast}g-SEX_n$ is a generalized n-dimensional Riemannian manifold on which the differential geometric structure is imposed by the unified field tensor $^{\ast}g^{\lambda \nu}$ through the SE-connection which is both Einstein and semi-symmetric. In this paper, they proved a necessary and sufficient condition for the unique existence of SE-connection and sufficient condition for the unique existence of SE-connection and presented a beautiful and surveyable tensorial representation of the SE-connection in terms of the tensor $^{\ast}g^{\lambda \nu}$. Recently, Chung and et al.([3],1998) obtained a concise tensorial representation of SE-curvature tensor defined by the SE-connection of $^{\ast}g-SEX_n$ and proved deveral identities involving it. This paper is a direct continuations of [3]. In this paper we derive surveyable tensorial representations of constracted curvature tensors of $^{\ast}g-SEX_n$ and prove several generalized identities involving them. In particular, the first variation of the generalized Bianchi's identity in $^{\ast}g-SEX_n$, proved in theorem (2.10a), has a great deal of useful physical applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.251-265
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• 2017

Purpose: This study is an integrative review to analyze articles about sex education for school age children in Korean journals. This study explored the year, methods, major variables and key findings of previous studies. Methods: Five electronic databases and eleven journals of nursing in Korean language were searched to find studies done until 2017. 75 papers published from 1995 to 2017 were selected (43 were survey studies and 32 were intervention studies). Results: Among the intervention studies, there was no Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study. Most intervention studies were conducted to change sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes. Among the survey studies, Q methodology and content analysis were used. The subjects' sexual knowledge and sexual consciousness were measured low in some studies. The sex education for school age children was composed of elementary school students' perception, understanding and needs related to sex. In addition, sex education was carried out to improve students' informational aspects such as sexual knowledge, prevention of sexual violence and secondary sexual character as well as emotional aspects such as sexual attitude. However, research on sexual consciousness, sexual values and sexual identity was insufficient. Conclusion: In order to develop an effective sex education program for school age children, it is necessary to consider the degree of their perception, understanding and needs and reflect both the social and cultural aspects as well as the informational and emotional aspects.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2014

This research used an experimental design in an effort to assess the influence of brand gender and salespeople on the attitudes toward brands according to the males' gender identity traits. The study used a three-way split-plot experimental design, and data were analyzed by t-tests, and ANOVA. The subject of this research was men in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 178 people were selected through convenience- sampling. The findings are as follows: first, masculine male consumers preferred masculinity fashion brands; however, androgynous consumers preferred brands that reflect androgyny. Second, there were no differences in brand attitude according to the gender of the salesperson for the masculinity group, but the androgynous group estimated the brands as better when the salesperson was female. Third, there were no differences in the brand attitudes among consumers according to gender of the salesperson for the Galaxy; however, for Solid Homme, brand preference was stronger when the salesperson was a woman. Fourth, the influence of brand gender and salesperson gender on brand attitudes differed according to the gender of the consumer. Therefore, apparel companies must clearly understand the characteristics of consumer gender identity and execute proper marketing strategies in order to induce stronger positive attitudes toward their brands. Moreover, apparel companies should perceive that brand gender and the gender of the salesperson can consequently encourage brand preferences.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 1993

The purpose of the present study to investigate relationships among family background factors (i. e. adolescents' sex, mother's educational level and employment status. family's SES, and family types), mother-adolescent communication patterns and ego-identity development of adolescents. The subjects were 169 mother-adolescent dyads living in Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, Mean, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson's product-moment correlation, regression analysis, ANCOVA, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The results were as follows: (1) Significant differences of the adolescents were between family's SES and open communication patterns, between family types and problematic communication patterns. (2) Significant differences of the mothers were between family's SES and open communication patterns, and among family's SES, mother's educational level and problematic communication patterns. (3) There were significant differences in ego-identity of adolescents according to family's SES. (4) There were significant relationships between mother-adolescent communication patterns and the ego-identity development of adolescents. (5) The most influential variable explaining adolescents' ego-identity development was found to be problematic communication patterns perceived by adolescents. Family background factors and mother's communication patterns were not found to have significant effects.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2004

This research is focused on the emotion rather than the logic, the present building up the Market toward clients' relationship and the communication through the most direct Contact Space in Non-Mass Media Communication. This research's purposes are to classify Space Communication kinds to analyze how the each element could affect on Brand Identity Strength and to provide the way to appeal the Brand Image as the corporation intends and to analyze Corporations and Clients' value from Space Communication. The process of this research is following. Analysis of the Space Communication, which mentioned above and the value, which was obtained from it, and analysis through the Brand, which uses the Space to build the Brand Identity with positive Brand Image and the conclusion. In Conclusion, we need to analyze the identity of each Brand and do positioning to make outstanding Brand through analysis. Because outstanding scheme varies on deciding to communicate through the Space to satisfy clients with outstanding plan or clients' sex, age, profession, resign though appealing same Brand identity, the Space Identity should be flexible depends on area and target market.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between sexual attitude, sexual identity, sexual permissiveness in girls in junior high school, Method: The participants were 587 female students in Chungnam Province. Data were collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling. The instruments were the Sexual Attitude Scale by Kim (1997), the Sexual Identity Scale by Jung (1990), and the Sexual Permissiveness Scale developed by Reiss (1964). Data were analyzed by the SPSS 11.0 program. using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison. Results: The relationship between sexual attitude and sexual permissiveness had a positive correlation (r=.440, p-0.000). Sexual identity was positively correlated (r=.180, p=.036; r=.222, p=.014) with both sexual attitude and sexual permissiveness, but maleness was the only positive correlation (r=.258, p=.014) with sexual permissiveness, no sexual specialization was the only characteristic that had a positive correlation (r=.188, p=.046) with sexual attitude. Conclusion: These results suggest assessment of these factors and treatment fitted to individual needs are important for correct sexual culture. There should be repeated research on various population groups. Moreover, it is considered necessary to carry out factor-related theoretical researches on several variables related to sex through multilateral literature reviews.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to find out the cognitive dimensions of the term, ′Sexy′ Clothes gives individual′s identity including concept about distinction of sex and clothes indicate of sexuality. Specially, clothes has inseparable relation with ladylike substance first of all an equality is formed "Her = dress that she wears".