• 식물병연구
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2016

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) causes severe damage to pumpkin crops grown in open fields and plastic house. Initially, we used ten accessions of pumpkin species; Cucurbita pepo (3), C. maxima (2), C. moschata (2), and C. argyrosperma (3) to study the disease progress in different stages of seedling development. Commercial pumpkin varieties were used as susceptible host for inoculum management and young seedlings were inoculated by dusting powdery mildew spores on the cotyledons, 1-true-leaf and 2-true-leaf seedling stages. Based on initial study, we further evaluated 218 pumpkinaccessions for their resistance to powdery mildew in different seedling stages under plastic house. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and relative AUDPC (rAUDPC) was higher in cotyledonary and 1-true-leaf than 2-true-leaf stage. Seedlings at cotyledons and 1-true-leaf seedling stage displayed more susceptibility to powdery mildew. Based on evaluation of 2-true-leaf stage, IT 110859 and IT 278459 from C. pepo and C. argyrosperma identified as resistant (<0.2). Of the 228 pumpkin accessions, 21 (9.2%) pumpkin accessions consisting of C. pepo (2), C. maxima (5), C. moschata (13), and C. argyrosperma (1) exhibited intermediate resistance (<0.4) to powdery mildew and these accessions are useful to growers for its rational management.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.1723-1730
• /
• 2014

최근 건설기술이 발전함에 따라 강연선을 이용한 구조물 시공이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 현재 강연선의 긴장력 계측을 위한 방법으로는 로드셀과 가속도계를 이용한 간접 추정방식을 주로 이용하고 있다. 그러나, 강연선이 PSC거더 내부에 삽입되어 시공되는 경우에는 장력측정에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 강연선의 긴장력을 효과적으로 계측하기 위해 전기저항식 스트랜드미터를 개발하였다. 변형률 센서 부착 위치별, 스트랜드미터의 두께와 재료에 따른 영향을 실험을 통해 검토하여 최적의 스트랜드미터를 제안하였다. 또한, 29.9m의 PSC거더에 대한 실규모 검증실험을 수행하여 현장 적용성을 평가한 결과, 하중-변형률의 신뢰도가 높게 평가되었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권12호
• /
• pp.485-493
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 심리적 인슐린 저항성이 있는 제2형 당뇨병 환자들의 인슐린 치료 시작과 관련하여 겪게 되는 어려움과 동기의 변화과정을 파악하고자 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 동기강화상담 내용을 분석하였다. 동기강화상담 과정에 기초하여 지속적 비교분석 방법(consistent comparative analysis)을 활용하였다. 연구결과는 관계 형성하기, 초점 맞추기(당뇨병 자가관리에 대한 문제점을 스스로 탐색하기, 당뇨병 관리에 대한 한계점 인식, 합병증에 대한 걱정, 미래의 모습 상상하기), 유발하기(인슐린 투여 시 예상되는 장단점 그려 보기, 인슐린 강점 새롭게 알아가기, 인슐린 치료 시작에 대한 생각의 변화), 계획하기(변화에 대한 구체적 호기심 들어내기, 변화 계획하기), 변화행동 유지하기(변화 자신감 유지), 평가(내담자 상담자가 평가같이 내려 보기)로 도출되었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 심리적 인슐린저항성이 있는 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 이해하는 데 기여할 것이다. 또한 이러한 대상자를 돕는 전문가들에게 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.219-233
• /
• 2019

Soybean cultivars susceptible to Phytophthora root and stem rot are vulnerable to seed rot and damping-off of seedlings and young plants following an infection by Phytophthora sojae. In this study, the disease responses of Japanese soybean cultivars including currently grown main cultivars during the early growth stages were investigated following infections by multiple P. sojae isolates from Japanese fields. The extent of the resistance to 17 P. sojae isolates after inoculations at 14, 21, and 28 days after seeding varied significantly among 18 Japanese and two US soybean cultivars. Moreover, the disease responses of each cultivar differed significantly depending on the P. sojae isolate and the plant age at inoculation. Additionally, the treatment of 'Nattosyo-ryu' seeds with three fungicidal agrochemicals provided significant protection from P. sojae when plants were inoculated at 14-28 days after seeding. These results indicate that none of the Japanese soybean cultivars are completely resistant to all tested P. sojae isolates during the first month after sowing. However, the severity of the disease was limited when plants were inoculated during the later growth stages. Furthermore, the protective effects of the tested agrochemicals were maintained for at least 28 days after the seed treatment. Japanese soybean cultivars susceptible to Phytophthora root and stem rot that are grown under environmental conditions favorable for P. sojae infections require the implementation of certain practices, such as seed treatments with appropriate agrochemicals, to ensure they are protected from P. sojae during the early part of the soybean growing season.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important causal agents of root rot of wheat. In this study, 10 F. culmorum isolates were collected from farms located in five agro-ecological regions of Morocco. These were used to challenge 20 durum wheat genotypes via artificial inoculation of plant roots under controlled conditions. The isolate virulence was determined by three traits (roots browning index, stem browning index, and severity of root rot). An alpha-lattice design with three replicates was used, and the resulting ANOVA revealed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of isolate (I), genotype (G), and G × I interaction. A total of four response types were observed (R, MR, MS, and S) revealing that different genes in both the pathogen and the host were activated in 53% of interactions. Most genotypes were susceptible to eight or more isolates, while the Moroccan cultivar Marouan was reported resistant to three isolates and moderately resistant to three others. Similarly, the Australian breeding line SSD1479-117 was reported resistant to two isolates and moderately resistant to four others. The ICARDA elites Icaverve, Berghisyr, Berghisyr2, Amina, and Icaverve2 were identified as moderately resistant. Principal component analysis based on the genotypes responses defined two major clusters and two sub-clusters for the 10 F. culmorum isolates. Isolate Fc9 collected in Khemis Zemamra was the most virulent while isolate Fc3 collected in Haj-Kaddour was the least virulent. This work provides initial results for the discovery of differential reactions between the durum lines and isolates and the identification of novel sources of resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.11-50
• /
• 2023

As the field of interventional pain management (IPM) grows, the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) is increasing. SSI is defined as an infection of the incision or organ/space that occurs within one month after operation or three months after implantation. It is also common to find patients with suspected infection in an outpatient clinic. The most frequent IPM procedures are performed in the spine. Even though primary pyogenic spondylodiscitis via hematogenous spread is the most common type among spinal infections, secondary spinal infections from direct inoculation should be monitored after IPM procedures. Various preventive guidelines for SSI have been published. Cefazolin, followed by vancomycin, is the most commonly used surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in IPM. Diagnosis of SSI is confirmed by purulent discharge, isolation of causative organisms, pain/tenderness, swelling, redness, or heat, or diagnosis by a surgeon or attending physician. Inflammatory markers include traditional (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and novel (procalcitonin, serum amyloid A, and presepsin) markers. Empirical antibiotic therapy is defined as the initial administration of antibiotics within at least 24 hours prior to the results of blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Definitive antibiotic therapy is initiated based on the above culture and testing. Combination antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections appears to be superior to monotherapy in mortality with the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance rates. The never-ending war between bacterial resistance and new antibiotics is continuing. This article reviews prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection in pain medicine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4807-4814
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The chemoresistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to cytotoxic drugs, especially intrinsic or acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), still remains a major challenge in the management of HCC. In the present study, possible mechanisms involved in MDR of HCC were identified using a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human HCC cell line. Methods: BEL-7402/5-FU cells were established through continuous culturing parental BEL-7402 cells, imitating the pattern of chemotherapy clinically. Growth curves and chemosensitivity to cytotoxic drugs were determined by MTT assay. Doubling times, colony formation and adherence rates were calculated after cell counting. Morphological alteration, karyotype morphology, and untrastructure were assessed under optical and electron microscopes. The distribution in the cell cycle and drug efflux pump activity were measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of potential genes involved in MDR of BEL-7402/5-FU cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Results: Compared to its parental cells, BEL-7402/5-FU cells had a prolonged doubling time, a lower mitotic index, colony efficiency and adhesive ability, and a decreased drug efflux pump activity. The resistant cells tended to grow in clusters and apparent changes of ultrastructures occurred. BEL-7402/5-FU cells presented with an increased proportion in S and G2/M phases with a concomitant decrease in G0/G1 phase. The MDR phenotype of BEL-7402/5-FU might be partly attributed to increased drug efflux pump activity via multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS), resistance to apoptosis by augmentation of the Bcl-xl/Bax ratio, and intracellular adhesion medicated by E-cadherin (E-cad). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) might play a limited role in the MDR of BEL-7402/5-FU. Conclusion: Increased activity or expression of MRP1, Bcl-xl, TS, and E-cad appear to be involved in the MDR mechanism of BEL-7402/5-FU.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2020

이 연구는 비만 중년 남성을 대상으로 복부비만 유무에 따른 체질량지수와 인슐린저항성 및 베타세포 기능간의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 2018년 1월부터 2020년 6월까지 경기도 소재 종합병원에서 건강검진을 받은 비만 중년 남성 797명을 대상으로 하였다. 복부비만 동반군은 327명, 복부비만을 동반하지 않은군은 470명이며, 두 군간에 공복혈당(p<0.001), HbA1c(p=0.003), 인슐린(p<0.001), HOMA-IR(p<0.001)은 차이가 있었다. 체질량지수는 복부비만 동반 유무와 관계없이 인슐린저항성 및 베타세포 기능에 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 또한 체질량지수는 복부비만 동반 유무와 관계없이 인슐린저항성 및 베타세포 기능저하의 질환 발병과 관련이 있었다. 따라서 중년 비만 남성의 건강관리를 위한 운동 프로그램 수행 및 정기적인 검진을 통해 체질량지수의 지표 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.589-596
• /
• 2017

Chemical management of dollar spot in turf may lead to the development of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa populations with reduced fungicide sensitivity. The objective of this study was to investigate resistance of S. homoeocarpa isolates to triazole fungicides and to test cross-resistance among three triazole fungicides. A total of 66 isolates of S. homoeocarpa were collected from 15 golf courses across Korea, and tested via in vitro sensitivity assay against hexaconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole. $EC_{50}$ values of the isolates to these fungicides were distributed in the range of $0.001-1.1\;a.\;i.\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Based on the $EC_{50}$ values, twelve representative strains were selected as sensitive isolates including control and insensitive isolates with respect to each fungicide. At a concentration of $0.1\;a.\;i.\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ for all fungicides, the selected strains were distinguished as sensitive or resistant isolates with the mycelial growth inhibition rate of 50% as the criterion. The $EC_{50}$ values of resistant strains exposed to hexaconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole were 20-50 times, 50-70 times, and 77 times greater, respectively, than that of the control strains. Two isolates of S. homoeocarpa S0-41 and Sh14-2-1 showed sensitivity toward all the fungicides used, while two other isolates Sh7-5-1 and Sh2-1-1 showed resistance to all fungicides. Each isolate showed similar resistance to the three types of triazole fungicides, whereby cross-resistance of isolates was confirmed in the present study; all three triazole fungicide combinations displayed significant correlation coefficients equivalent to or greater than 0.8.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제12권12호
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 2014

모바일 쇼핑은 모든 사용자에게 있어 항상 유용하게 사용되는 것만은 아니다. 주요 원인으로 비사용자의 경우 모바일 쇼핑몰에 대한 심리적, 보안적 취약성 등에 대한 잠재적 요인이 모바일 쇼핑에 대한 거부감을 형성하는 것으로 인지되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 혁신저항모델의 문헌연구를 통해 연구모형을 구성하여, 스마트폰을 이용한 모바일 쇼핑 시 소비자들이 갖는 거부 심리요인들이 모바일 쇼핑몰의 인지된 위험을 통해 구매저항에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하고자 한다. 실증분석 결과 모바일 쇼핑 시 소비자의 심리요인 중 보안성은 인지된 위험에 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 부정적 사회영향과 인지부조화는 사회적 위험, 배송위험에만 영향을 미치며, 불확실성은 성능적인 위험에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지된 위험은 구매저항에 모두 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 사회적 위험이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.