• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2012

A highly efficient charge pump that minimizes the reverse charge sharing current (in short, reverse current) is proposed. The charge pump employs auxiliary capacitors and diode-connected MOSFET along with an early clock to drive the charge transfer switches; this new method provides better isolation between stages. As a result, the amount of reverse current is reduced greatly and the clock driver can be designed with reduced transition slope. As a proof of the concept, a 1.1V-to-9.8 V charge pump was designed in a $0.35{\mu}m$ 18 V CMOS technology. The proposed architecture shows 1.6 V ~ 3.5 V higher output voltage compared with the previously reported architecture.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

기존의 전류 스티어링 전하 펌프의 타이밍 부정합 감소를 위한 새로운 전하 펌프를 제안한다. 기존의 전류 스티어링 전하 펌프는 UP, DOWN 신호의 입력단에 NMOS를 사용하여 서로 다른 지연단 수를 갖게 된다. 제안한 전하 펌프에서는 DOWN 신호의 입력단에 PMOS를 사용함으로써 UP, DOWN 신호의 지연단 수를 동등하게 한다. 기존의 전류 스티어링 전하 펌프를 최적화하여 시뮬레이션한 결과 턴온과 턴오프에 대하여 지연시간의 차이는 각각 14ns, 6ns 이다. 반면에 제안한 전하 펌프는 타이밍 부정합이 향상되어 턴온과 턴오프에 대하여 지연시간의 차이는 각각 6ns, 5ns 이다. 타이밍 부정합의 감소로 인하여 기준 스퍼는 -26dBc에서 -39dBc로 줄어들었다. 제안하는 전하 펌프는 CMOS $0.18{\mu}m$ 공정을 사용하여 설계하였다. 측정 결과 전하 펌프 출력 전압 범위 0.3~1.5V에서 최대 1.5%의 전류 부정합을 보인다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.672-679
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• 2007

The combustion characteristics of a liquefied petroleum gas-di-methyl ether (LPG-DME) compression ignition engine was investigated under homogeneous charge and stratified charge conditions. LPG was used as the main fuel and injected into the combustion chamber directly. DME was used as an ignition promoter and injected into the intake port. Different LPG injection timings were tested to verify the combustion characteristics of the LPG-DME compression ignition engine. The combustion was divided into three region which are homogeneous charge, stratified charge, and diffusion flame region according to the injection timing of LPG. The hydrocarbon emission of stratified charge combustion was lower than that of homogeneous charge combustion. However, the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emission of stratified charge combustion were slightly higher than those of the homogeneous charge region. The indicated mean effective pressure was reduced at stratified charge region, while it was almost same level as the homogeneous charge combustion region at diffusion combustion region. The start of combustion timing of the stratified charge combustion and diffusion combustion region were advanced compared to the homogeneous charge combustion. It attributed to the higher cetane number and mixture temperature distribution which locally stratified. However, the knock intensity was varied as the homogeneity of charge was increased.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

This paper proposed a new charge-shared switching MDAC for a pipelined A/D converter The proposed architecture accomplishes the same function of a conventional multiplying-digital-to-analog converter (MDAC). By adopting the proposed scheme, about 40% of the total capacitances could be reduced and the speed of the MDAC increases. The performance of the charge-shared switching MDAC has been Proved by HSPICE simulations.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake and foodservice satisfaction of homebound elderly had lunch at the local community centers by the difference of meal service charge. Two local community center with cons-regate meal service program located in Daegu and Gyongsan were selected; one with free of meal service charge (F), and the other with 500-1,000 won for meal service charge (K), According to the dietary assessment, energy and nutrient intakes of the 156 elderly subjects were as a whole under the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Elderly or F service conte. showed higher $\%$ RDA for the selected nutrients and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) than those of K service center (p<0.001). Participants were satisfied with most of the congregation meal service from community conte. with different reasons such as 'tasty (K service center)' and 'free of charge (F service center)'. In conclusion, elderly had the lunch at the community center with free of meal service charge was poor nutrition status and lower socioeconomic level than the other type of community center in this area. Therefore, healthy menu for elderly should be developed and managed by professional dietitian, as well as its impact on health status of this group, and congregate meal service system might be extended to the homebound elderly of whole community with free of charge.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권7호
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• pp.833-839
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• 2018

This paper presents an analysis and the methodology of optimal operation strategy of the ESS(Energy Storage System) for reduce electricity charges. Electricity charges consist of a basic charge based on the contract capacity and energy charge according to the power usage. In order to use electrical energy at minimal charge, these two factors are required to be reduced at the same time. QP(Quadratic Programming) is appropriate for minimization of the basic charge and LP(Linear Programmin) is adequate to minimize the energy charge. However, the integer variable have to be introduced for modelling of different charge and discharge efficiency of ESS PCS(Power Conversion System), where MILP(Mixed Integer Linear Programming) can be used. In this case, the extent to which the peak load savings is accomplished should be assumed before the energy charge is minimized. So, to minimize the electricity charge exactly, optimization is sequentially performed in this paper, so-called the Two Stage Hybird optimization, where the extent to which the peak load savings is firstly accomplished through optimization of basic charge and then the optimization of energy charge is performed with different charge and discharge efficiency of ESS PCS. Finally, the proposed method is analyzed quantitatively with other optimization methods.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1127-1139
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• 2018

A reduced particle-unscented Kalman filter estimation method, along with a splice-equivalent circuit model, is proposed for the state-of-charge estimation of an aeronautical lithium-ion battery pack. The linearization treatment is not required in this method and only a few sigma data points are used, which reduce the computational requirement of state-of-charge estimation. This method also improves the estimation covariance properties by introducing the equilibrium parameter state of balance for the aeronautical lithium-ion battery pack. In addition, the estimation performance is validated by the experimental results. The proposed state-of-charge estimation method exhibits a root-mean-square error value of 1.42% and a mean error value of 4.96%. This method is insensitive to the parameter variation of the splice-equivalent circuit model, and thus, it plays an important role in the popularization and application of the aeronautical lithium-ion battery pack.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

In order to reduce exhaust emissions from diesel engine under wide operating range, an experimental study based on a new concept of combustion called HCDC(Homogeneous Charge Diesel Combustion) was conducted. In this concept, most of the fuel is supplied as premixed homogeneous charge and the rest is directly injected into a cylinder to ignite. In this study we compared combustion characteristics of an HCDC engine with those of conventional diesel engines. At high premixed fuel ratio and high load range, it was observed that premixed combustion heat release rate was low and diffusion combustion duration was shorten. from this experiment, it was found that NOx is reduced by the lower maximum temperature and soot is reduced by rapid combustion during diffusion combustion phase.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1799-1805
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• 2014

In this article, we described about the preparation and electrochemical properties of a flexible energy storage system based on a plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The PET treated with UV/ozone was fabricated with multilayer films composed of 30 polyaniline (PANi)/graphene oxide (GO) bilayers using layer-by-layer assembly of positively charged PANi and negatively charged GO. The conversion of GO to the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in the multilayer film was achieved using hydroiodic acid vapor at $100^{\circ}C$, whereby PANi structure remained nearly unchanged except a little reduction of doping state. Cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge curves of 30 PANi/RGO bilayers on PET substrate (shorten to PANi-$RGO_{30}$/PET) exhibited an excellent volumetric capacitance, good cycling stability, and rapid charge/discharge rates despite no use of any metal current collectors. The specific capacitance from charge/discharge curve of the PANi-$RGO_{30}$/PET electrode was found to be $529F/cm^3$ at a current density of $3A/cm^3$, which is one of the best values yet achieved among carbon-based materials including conducting polymers. Furthermore, the intrinsic electrical resistance of the PANi-$RGO_{30}$/PET electrodes varied within 20% range during 200 bending cycles at a fixed bend radius of 2.2 mm, indicating the increase in their flexibility by a factor of 225 compared with the ITO/PET electrode.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.494-498
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• 2022

In this study, SiO₂ 20 phr, ATH 70 phr, and platinum flame retardant were mixed with raw silicone rubber and -10 kV was applied to measure electrostatic charge attenuation voltage, surface resistance, and volume resistance, and the following conclusions were obtained. When the platinum flame retardant was 0 phr, the humidity 74.6% and the temperature was 21.8℃, the potential was half-reduced to 0.63 kV, 0.57 kV, and 0.44 kV when the applied voltage was changed from -10 kV to -8 kV, and the time halved to 50% was increased to 2.40 seconds, 2.47 seconds, and 2.61 seconds. It was confirmed that as the platinum flame retardant increased from 0.1 to 0.3 phr, the potential half-reduced to 0.67 kV, 0.60 kV, and 0.595 kV decreased, and the charge potential attenuation time half-reduced to 50% decreased to 3.44 seconds, 1.78 seconds, and 1.60 seconds. It was confirmed that the surface resistance increased as the humidity decreased, and the volume resistance decreased as the platinum flame retardant increased.