• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2022

This paper investigated catalytic and adsorption equations among the technologies for removing hazardous substances generated in the semiconductor process. As the semiconductor industry develops, harmful substances used and discharged in the semiconductor process are also increasing. Hazardous substances adversely affect the global environment in terms of atmospheric and water quality. As regulations on the emission of harmful substances are strengthened in the 21st century, it is expected that there will be limitations in industrial development in the future. Therefore, technology for removing harmful substances generated in semiconductor processes is essential. In this paper, the goal is to remove PFCs, which are harmful substances, through adsorption technology and catalyst technology. Descriptions from the semiconductor process to the technology in which harmful substances generated are removed were summarized.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2022

In the cement industry, in order to reduce CO₂ emissions, technology for raw materials substitution and conversion, technology for improving process efficiency of utilizing low-carbon new heat sources, and technology for collecting and recycling process-generated CO₂ are being developed. In this study, we conducted a basic experiment to contribute to the development of CSC that can store CO₂ as carbonate minerals among process-generated CO₂ capture and recycling technologies. Three types of CSC clinker with different SiO₂/(CaO+SiO₂) molar ratios were prepared with the clinker raw material formulation, and the characteristics of the clinker were analyzed. As a result of analysis and observation of CSC clinker, wollastonite and rankinite were formed. In addition, as a result of the carbonation test of the CSC paste, it was confirmed that calcite was produced as a carbonation product. The lower the SiO₂/(CaO+SiO₂) molar ratio in the CSC clinker chemical composition, the lower the wollastonite production amount, and the higher the rankinite production amount. And the amount of calcite production increased with the progress of carbonation of the CSC paste specimen. It is judged that rankinite is more reactive in mineralizing CO₂ than wollastonite.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.87-94
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• 2022

This paper seeks to raise inflection points of battery manufacturing bases in Korea in the V4 region through the reorganization of new industrial technologies in accordance with ESG. As a result, the global supply chain market is cut off. The Russian-Ukraine war and the U.S.-China hegemony are competing in the economic crisis caused by COVID-19. It is showing diversification of new suppliers in an environment where mineral, grain procurement, gas, and even wheat imports from China and Russia are not possible. As a protective glocal, this area is used as a buffer zone(Pro-Russia, Hungary). to an isolated zone(anti-Russia, Poland) by war. In this paper, economic growth is expected to slow further due to the EU tapering period and high inflation in world countries. Due to these changes, the conversion of new tech industry and the contraction of Germany's structure due to energy supply may lose the driving force for economic growth over the past 20 years. This is caused by market disconnection(chasm) in the nominal indicators in this area. On the other hand, Korea should actively develop into the V4 area as an energy generation export (nuclear and electric hydrogen generation) area as a bypass development supply area due to the imbalance in the supply chain of rare earth materials that combines AI. By linking this industry, the energy platform can be scaled up and reliable supply technology (next generation BT, recycling technology) in diversification can be formed in countries around the world. This paper proves that in order to overcome the market chasm caused by the industries connection, new energy development and platform size can be achieved and reliable supply technology (next-generation battery and recycling technology, Low-cost LFP) can be diversified in each country.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.54-66
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• 2023

Titanium's importance as a mineral resource is increasing, but the Korean industry depends on imports. Ilmenite is the principal titanium ore. However, research and development from raw materials have not been investigated yet in detail. Hence, measures to secure a stable titanium supply chain are urgently needed. Accordingly, through beneficiation technology, we evaluated the possibility of technological application for the efficient recovery of valuable minerals. As a result of the experiments, we confirmed that mineral particles existed as fine particles due to weathering, making recovery through classification difficult. Consequently, applying beneficiation technologies, i.e., specific gravity separation, magnetic separation, and flotation, makes it possible to recover valuable minerals such as hematite and rutile. However, there are limitations in increasing the quality and yield of TiO₂ due to the mineralogical characteristic of the hematite and rutile contained in titanium ore. Hametite is combined with rutile even at fine particles. Therefore, it is essential to develop mineral processing routes, to recover iron, vanadium, and rare earth elements as resources. On that account, we used grinding technology that improves group separation between constituent minerals and magnetic separation technology that utilizes the difference in magnetic sensitivity between fine mineral particles. The development of beneficiation technology that can secure the economic feasibility of valuable materials after reforming iron oxide and titanium oxide components is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1893-1904
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• 2000

Nitrogen compounds are one of the major pollutants which cause eutrophication problems of the river or lake and red tides problems of the ocean. Currently available technologies for the removal of nitrogen compounds are mostly biological treatment. However, biological treatment is only effective for the wastewater which contains low concentration of nitrogen compounds. Leachate from solid waste landfill or industrial wastewater which contains high concentration of nitrogen can not be effectively treated by most of the currently available biological treatment technologies. With this connection. the objective of this study is to examine the applicability of ammonia stripping technology for the removal of high concentration of ammonia nitrogen compounds of the leachate from solid waste landfill. It can be concluded that ammonia stripping technology which was placed before the biological treatment process was very effective for the removal of high concentration of ammonium compounds. The chemical cost for the ammonia stripping was 16 percent higher than MLE process, so other methods like sludge recycling are needed for the reduction of operation cost. Further details are discussed in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-518
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• 2012

Korean type of no-tillage cultivation method which was applied on this study used the ridge and the furrow and constantly recycling them as it was suitable for Korea's weather and farming conditions. This no-tillage cultivation was reported to have little negative impact such as reduction of production (Kwon et al., 1997). In addition, it was found to have a lot of benefits as it requires less agro-materials and energy costs as well as shortened working hours because tillage operation is not needed. (Yang et al., 2012). According to an analysis, no-tillage cultivation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by $344.7kgCO^2$ (58%) in every 10a ($1,000m^2$) compared to ordinary pepper farming technique (Korea averages). Direct-indirect reduction effects from using fertilizer and using less amount of energy were 92% and 44% respectively both of which can be considered very high. Besides the direct effects of no-tillage cultivation, soil management using no-tillage technique raises carbon sequestration effect on soil as time goes on (West & Marland, 2002), that is why the technique is expected to have constant carbon emission reduction effect. For theses reasons, distribution and expansion of Korean type no-tillage cultivation are expected to play a role as major agro-green technologies for achieving our goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural sector.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4969-4976
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• 2015

South Korea has more than two-thirds of the land consists of mountainous terrain. It is necessary to enable the recycling of mountain tourism policy to allow people to use. This paper studied Bukhansan where there seems to have the most economical efficiency and effectiveness as an alternative means of transportation applying user'swillingnessto pay by age based upon the Study on Introduction Bukhansan Mountain Railway which was progressed as part of the balanced national development and railway promotion strategy. The Analyisis results are shown that cost-benefit ratio is Lim 0.73 and rack & pinion 0.8. The rack-and-pinion method is selected as an applicable alternative. If the new technologies are developed and made part of the construction of the tunnel route was judged as possible as an alternative way LIM

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.2 s.31
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

The application of domestic wastewater on rice paddies results in the accumulation of sodium(Na$^+$) to the soil. Excessive concentration of sodium may cause the deterioration of the physical characteristics of the soil, change in the osmosis of the soil, destruction of soil aggregates as well as ion toxicity due to sodium accumulation. Using domestic wastewater as irrigation water should be preceded by measures to prevent or control the soil salinization caused by sodium. Agricultural reuse of domestic wastewater were found not to cause serious problems with food safety due to heavy metals. However, pre-treatment using ultraviolet or ozone is recommended to reduce the number of bacteria and gem and for public health reasons. Using domestic wastewater has shown that reducing the standard application of chemical fertilizers by as much as 50% reduced the harvesting index by only 10%. This study has shown that it is feasible to reuse domestic wastewater on rice paddies. In order to facilitate the application, it is deemed necessary to establish wastewater treatment technologies in the future, to review criteria for recycling domestic wastewater for agricultural purposes such as conditions of soil and cropping system and to resolve conflicts with farmers and public health issues.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.223-236
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• 2008

The video game industry is obsessed by the perception of "Next Generation Game". Appearance of the next generation game console has required the video game industry to renovate new technologies for their entire production. This tendency increases a huge mount of production cost. Game companies have to hire more designers to create a solid concept, artists to generate more detailed content, and programmers to optimize for more complex hardware. All those high cost efforts provide great locking games, but the potential of next generation game consoles does not end there. They also bring possibilities of the new types of gameplay. Next generation game contains a much larger pool of memories for every video game elements. The entire video game used to use roughly 800 animation files, but next generation game is pushing scripted event well over 4000 animation flies. That allows a lot of very unique custom animation for pretty much every action in the game. It gives game players much more vivid and realistic appreciation of the virtual world. Players are not being able to see any recycling of the same animation over and over when they are playing next generation game. The main purpose of this thesis is that defines the concept of next generation game and analyzes new animation-pipeline to be used in the shooter games.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.122-131
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• 2001

Pakistan being the 6$^{th}$ largest sugar producer has over 75 sugar mills with annual production capacity of about 2.4 million tons during 1996-97. The contribution of Sindh with 27 sugar mills is recorded over 50% of the total sugar production. The majority of the mills in Pakistan use the Defecation-Remelt-Phosphitation (DRP; 24 mills), Defecation-Remelt-Carbonation (DRC; 21 mills) and Defecation-Remelt Carbonation and Sulphitation (DRCS; 11 mills) process. Seven of the 75 sugar mills in Pakistan also produce industrial alcohol from molasses, a by- product of sugar manufacturing process. These sugar industries also produce fly ash, which have been found to contain unburned carbon and reach as far as four-kilo meter area with the wind direction, threatening the community health of people living around, besides posing other aesthetic problems. The untreated wastewater, in many cases, finds its way to open surface drains causing serious threat to livestock, flora and fauna. One study showed that fly ash emitted from the chimneys contain particle size ranging from 38 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 1000 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. About 50 per cent of each fly ash samples were above 300 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size and were mostly unburned Carbon particles, which produced 85% weight loss on burning in air atmosphere at 1000${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. This fly ash (mostly carbon) was the main cause of many health and aesthetic problems in the sugar mill vicinity. The environmental challenge for the local sugar mills is associated with liquid waste gaseous emission and solid waste. This paper discusses various waste recycling technologies and practices in sugar industries of Pakistan. The application of EM technology and Biogas technology has proved very successful in reusing the sugar industry wastewater and mud, which otherwise were going waste.