• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2016

Objectives: To investigate the neurophysiological effect of acupuncture treatment on insomnia patients using quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and standardized Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography method (sLORETA).Background: Insomnia is one of the commonly encountered symptoms in primary medical care. Recent studies of acupuncture for insomnia reported that the acupuncture groups showed significant improvements compared with the control groups. However, the neurophysiological mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia has not been revealed and a few studies have measured the effect of acupuncture treatment using QEEG.Methods: Participants who had some problems in initiating or maintaining sleep, or had non-restorative sleep for more than 3 days a week and ISI scores above 8 and below 21 were treated by acupuncture for 2 weeks (3 times a week, total 6 times). We assessed the effectiveness of acupuncture for insomnia by the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at baseline and at 2 weeks after the end of treatment (4th week). Also, we performed EEG and analysed the EEG data at baseline and at the end of treatment (2nd week) on the linked ears montage using the Neuroguide software program and sLORETA.Results: Thirty-two participants were enrolled and 2 participants dropped out because of personal reasons. Among the 30 participants, EEGs of 12 participants were included in the analysis of QEEG and sLORETA. Total score on the ISI and PSQI was significantly decreased after acupuncture treatment. The number of electrodes exceeding the range of 90% (±1.65) or 95% (±1.96) in the z scored absolute power of beta was significantly decreased after acupuncture treatment. There was no significant change in brain activation between pre- and post-acupuncture using sLORETA.Conclusions: The deviation of absolute power compared to the normative database was significantly decreased after acupuncture treatment in the alpha and beta ranges. Therefore, we suggest that acupuncture treatment for insomnia might be effective through the central nervous system especially in the brain. There are many limitations to drawing any conclusion. Further studies are needed in the future to overcome these limitations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1471-1475
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• 2014

Background: The epidemiological patterns of cancer incidence have been investigated widely in western countries. Nevertheless, information is quite limited in Jiangxi province, southern China. Materials and Methods: All data were reported by 6 population-based cancer registries in Jiangxi Province. The results were presented as incidence rates of cases by site (ICD-10), sex, crude rate (CR), age-standardized rates (ASRs) and truncated incidence rate (TR) per 100,000 person-years, using the direct method of standardization to the world population. Results: 8,765 new cancer cases were registered in our study during the period 2009-2011. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 61.0%, clinical or radiology findings in 4.87% and death certificate only (DCO) in 3.0% of the cases. The median age at diagnosis was 62.0 years (mean, 61; standard deviation, 15). The ASRs were 170.8 per 100,000 for men and 111.2 for women. The ASRs for all invasive cancers from the urban areas (145.7 per 100,000) was higher than that of rural areas (137.1). Incidence rates for lung cancer were higher in rural (35.8) than in urban areas (27.0). Similarly, relatively high rates were observed for stomach cancer in rural (20.1) relative to urban areas (15.5). Conclusions: Our results reveal that the most common cancers were breast and lung in women and lung and liver in men. Interestingly, this study suggested a higher incidence rates for lung and stomach cancer in rural males than in urban population, which may suggest other potential causes, such as over-consumption of smoked meats and high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. Public education and the promotion of healthy lifestyles should be actively carried out.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1645-1651
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 선삭 작업에서 가공 여유각 변경에 따른 피삭재의 형상정밀도가 어떻게 변화되는지 분석하고자 하였다. 피삭재는 3가지로 SM45C(기계구조용탄소강), SCM415(크롬몰리브덴강), STS303(스테인리스강)을 선택하여 정해진 가공조건인 회전속도 2,500 rpm으로 시작하여 이송속도 0.07 mm/rev와 0.10 mm/rev를 기준으로 가공깊이 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm 그리고, 절인 경사각인 네거티브 경사각 $0.0^{\circ}(-6.0^{\circ})$, $0.3^{\circ}(-6.3^{\circ})$, $0.9^{\circ}(-6.9^{\circ})$의 3가지 형태로 가공하였을 경우, 재료별 가공정밀도, 원통도, 동축도, 진원도 등의 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 피삭재의 재질별로 알아본 원통도의 정밀도는 $0.0^{\circ}{\rightarrow}0.3^{\circ}{\rightarrow}0.9^{\circ}$의 순으로 $0.9^{\circ}$일 경우가 가장 좋은 원통도 값을 나타냈다. 결과적으로 바이트의 네거티브 경사각이 커지면 정밀도가 특정 부분에서 재질에 관계없이 좋아져서 가공성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 이송속도와 절삭 깊이에 따라 가공형상이 변화한다는 것과 재질에 따라 다르게 적용되어야 한다는 것을 확인하게 되었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the basic data for qualitative improvement of emergency care for emergency patient by paramedic in fire station by understanding the level of awareness and practice in prehospital and transfer step, and understanding the level of emergency care and improvement of clinical knowledge through hospital clinical training. Methods: The researchers explained the objective for 143 persons who completed hospital clinical training from June 2nd, 2006 to October 23rd, 2009 among paramedic in fire station. The questionnaire in this research consisted of 80 questions. In the reliability for the awareness of emergency patient assessment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.95, and in the reliability for emergency care fulfillment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.93. reliability for clinical knowledge improvement is cronbach's $\alpha=.95$, and reliability for emergency care fulfillment is cronbach's $\alpha=.82$. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 statistics program for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Paired t-test, t-test, Correlation Coefficient, and internal consistency reliability was analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$. Results: 1) The paramedic awareness and practice difference for emergency patient is statistically signification for general patient assessment(t=14.159, p=.000), trauma patient assessment(t=11.288, p=.000), internal medicine patient assessment(t=10.898, p=.000), and it shows the level of practice is lower than the level of awareness. 2) The paramedic difference between the level of awareness and practice according to whether or not they have clinical career is not signification on awareness(t=3.119, p=.125), and is high on practice(t=3.119, p=.002). 3) The correlation between paramedic awareness and the level of practice shows positive correlation(r=.61, p=.000). The higher the awareness of emergency patient assessment is, the higher the level of practice is. 4) The difference between paramedic clinical knowledge improvement and the level of emergency care practice is statistically significant(t=3.351, p=.001). 5) 89.6%(128 persons) of paramedic replied hospital clinical training experiences are helpful for field activity. 92.3%(133 persons) replied they apply well for clinical knowledge learned during hospital clinical training and emergency care skills in the field. Conclusion: Paramedic in fire station must evaluate the patient's initial assessment and activate the transfer system to the emergency department. It is necessary to develop and implement the effective education program continuously. The education program should systemize currently operated hospital clinical training. emergency disease and symptoms emergency care method, and practice mainly skill education should be progressed. In the prehospital and transfer management, high quality of medical assessment is required to the emergency medical service system. Medical direction from the doctors can feedback the paramedic continuously and continuing education must be provided to the paramedic in fire station.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2020

본 연구는 싸리나무의 기능성 식의약품 개발을 위해 부위별 최적의 에탄올 추출조건을 탐색하고 HPLC-DAD 분석방법에 대한 밸리데이션을 실시하였다. 싸리나무뿌리 추출물로부터 반복적인 크로마토그래피 기법으로 주요성분을 분리하여 NMR, MS와 같은 기기분석 data를 해석하여 xanthoangelol 화합물임을 확인하였다. Xanthoangelol를 표준물질로 선정하여 HPLC-DAD 분석법이 타당한지를 검토하기 위하여 직선성, 일간 일내 정확성, 정밀성 검출한계 및 정량한계를 확인하는 분석법 밸리데이션을 수행하였다. Xanthoangelol 분석은 ZORBAX Eclipse plus C₁₈ (4.6×150 mm, 5 ㎛) 칼럼과 기울기 용출(gradient elution) 방법으로, 370 nm 파장에서 다른 물질의 간섭 없이 안정되게 분석되는 것을 확인하였다. 기능성 소재로 적용하기에 적합한 물과 에탄올을 이용해 농도별(water, 30, 50, 70, 95% EtOH)로 추출하고 xanthoangelol의 함량을 분석하였으며, 에탄올 비율에 따라 대상 성분의 추출율을 조절함으로써 기능성 바이오 식의약품 원료 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate regional commitment index(RGI) of hospital in Korea, and the relationship RGI and hospital characteristics, such as foundation, region, size. Therefore, we are to suggest fundamental information to make and evaluate healthcare resource policy in hospital- and government-level. Methods : The 'Patient Survey 2002(administered by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare(MOHW)' was analyzed. We selected the patient data of the hospitals above 100 beds. Then, we calculated the RGI, number of same cases divided by all cases in each hospital. By using SPSS/win ver 14.0, statistical analysis such as t-test, ANOVA, correlational and regression analysis was carried out. Results : The results are as follows. 1. Overall mean and standard deviation of RGI were revealed as 0.805${\pm}$0.225 in inpatients, and 0.871${\pm}$0.184 in outpatient. The median of inpatients' and outpatients' RGI were 0.890 and 0.933. The RGI of inpatients of private hospitals were revealed significantly higher than that of the public(public: 0.727, private: 0.822). However, outpatients' RGI was not revealed as significantly different. 2. The RGI of general specialty hospitals were significantly lower than others, therefore we could think that more inpatients and outpatients of general specialty hospitals flowed in from others province or metropolitan cities than other hospital types. 3. The RGI of hospitals holding above 400 beds were significantly lower than others in inpatients and outpatients. 5. The RGI of hospitals were significantly different among sixteen province and metropolitan cities. The RGI inpatients of Gwangju and Daejon metropolitan city were lowest sub-group(0.659, 0.664), and the RGI inpatients of Jeju was revealed as highest, 0.979. 6. Available beds, total doctors, and total employees were negatively correlated with RGI of inpatients and outpatients. 7. The significant influencing factors to RGI of inpatients and outpatients were appeared samely such as available beds, wide healthcare region, hospital size, and foundation type. Conclusions : It is considered that RGI of hospital represent competitive power in healthcare market. Also, the competitive advantage and quality of hospital clustered by characteristics could made out by RGI. Therefore, the results of this study would be useful to develop and evaluate hospital policy of individual hospital or local government.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, the performance of the X-ray tube was very much improved by the power generation of the technology. However, the overload of equipment is occurred by the increment of the equipment operating time according to the increment of the examination number of cases. The X-ray dose can change by heat occurrence of the X-ray tube due to this. Moreover, the change of the bone mineral density value is possible to occur. Therefore, We tries to whether the change of the bone mineral density value of each equipment according to the difference of the examination number of cases and operating time occur or not. Materials and Methods: The BMD value was measured by the Aluminum Spine Phantom and the European Spine Phantom in each equipment, in order to find out about the difference of the time general classification bone mineral density value by using the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. And after scanning each phantom by using X-ray dose meter (Unfors Mult-O-Meter), a dose was measured by the same condition. As to, an average and standard deviation were found and the change of each equipment much BMD value was compared and it evaluated. Results: $Mean{\pm}SD$ of each equipment by using the Aluminum Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.174{\pm}0.002$, $1.171{\pm}0.005$, $1.173{\pm}0.005$, B equipment was $1.186{\pm}0.003$, $1.187{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, C equipment was $1.180{\pm}0.003$, $1.182{\pm}0.004$, $1.183{\pm}0.002$, D equipment was $1.188{\pm}0.004$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.004$. By using the European Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.153{\pm}0.009$, $1.161{\pm}0.003$, B equipment was $1.134{\pm}0.004$, $1.13{\pm}0.008$, $1.127{\pm}0.015$, C equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.134{\pm}0.01$, $1.133{\pm}0.006$, D equipment was $1.14{\pm}0.001$, $1.122{\pm}0.002$, $1.131{\pm}0.008$, altogether included in the normal range. Conclusion: There was no significant change of the BMD value of using a phantom by time zones. Therefore, if the quality control is made to use the extent management method of the equipment for beginning in the present application, the reliability of the BMD equipment will be able to be enhanced.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 유방촬영검사에서 사전조사 관전압과 실제조사 관전압 편차에 따른 원인분석을 유방압박두께, 유방크기, 체질량지수와 연관하여 규명하고 개선책을 찾고자 하였다. 국민건강보험공단에서 실시하는 유방촬영 검진자 중 40세 이상 여자 377명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 유방촬영검사에서 상하방향촬영에 의한 영상을 참고하여 의료영상저장정보시스템으로 전송되어진 선량 보고서(dose report)의 파라메타 중 사전조사 관전압과 실제조사 관전압의 편차에 따른 유방압박두께, 유방크기, 체질량지수를 분석하였다. 결과로는 유방압박두께가 얇을수록, 유방크기가 작을수록, 체질량지수가 작을수록 관전압 편차가 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 유방촬영검사에서 유방압박두께와 유방크기에 따른 관전압 설정을 하기 위해 우리나라 실정에 맞는 유방촬영기기의 최소 관전압이 재설정 되어야 할 것이며, 또한 유방압박두께가 얇은 환자나 유방크기가 작은 환자를 검사할 경우 정확한 조사조건 매뉴얼을 만들어 검사함으로서 촬영조건의 편차를 줄여 방사선피폭 경감과 좋은 영상의 화질을 만드는데 노력해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

보일러 배기가스를 이용해 온실 내부의 $CO_2$ 농도를 높여 식물의 생장을 촉진하는 $CO_2$ 시비 시스템의 공급 최적화를 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 다기관의 유로를 사용하는 시비 시스템의 기하학적 변수에 따른 유량균일성 파악을 위해 전산유체역학 기법을 사용하였다. 먼저 PVC 형상을 수정하여, 처음 설비에서 출구유량이 적어 튜브 뒤쪽까지 $CO_2$가 나오지 못했던 문제점을 해결하고 개선된 형상을 결정했다. 그 다음 실험값과 동일하게 맞추기 위하여 실험값과 해석값의 출구 속도를 비교하여 입구 압력을 결정하였다. 이때 여섯 개의 출구에서 나타나는 유량 비균일성은 출구에 Gasket을 부착하여 출구 면적 변화를 통해 유량을 조절할 수 있다고 보았다. 여섯 개의 출구 직경을 각각 변화시킨 3개의 Case 결과가 출구 면적을 모두 동일하게 두었을 때보다 편차가 최대 ${\pm}18%$까지 감소되었다. 비닐 튜브 역시 뒤쪽까지 $CO_2$가 전달되지 못하는 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 출구의 직경을 변화시켜가며 비교하였다. 각각의 출구 직경은 동일하게 하고 입구 면적 대비 출구 면적이 153.4%(D = 10mm), 97.8% (D = 8mm), 54.9%(D = 6mm)이 되도록 3개의 Case로 나누어 유량 균일성 향상 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과 출구직경이 10mm일 때보다 6mm일 때, 유량 편차가 ${\pm}13%$ 정도 감소되었다. 따라서 출구 면적이 작아질수록 유량 균일성이 향상됨을 파악하였다. 앞서 결정된 최적 PVC 형상과, 비닐 튜브 조건을 조합하여 전체 형상을 해석한 경우 역시 모든 hole에서의 유량이 0.1g/s 이내의 차이를 보이며 높은 균일성을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 방법으로, 다기관의 유로를 이용하여 $CO_2$를 분배시키는 다른 형태의 시비 시스템에서 역시 PVC 배관에서의 압력강하를 최소화시킨 뒤, PVC와 비닐 튜브의 출구 직경을 변화시키는 순서로 각 출구로의 유량을 균일하게 조정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2018

This exploratory research investigated the factors that influence foreign tourists' decision to use dental services in Thailand. The questionnaire was used to collect data from foreign tourists who used dental services in a hospital or dental clinic in Thailand. Data from 233 respondents completed questionnaires were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that respondents were most likely to be Asian (54.5%) followed by European (33.9%), females (64.8%) aged between 26-35 years (39.1%), business owners (45.9%), and came to Thailand with friends (47.6%). Regarding travel purposes and contact with dental services, most of them travel for pleasure (52.89%) and contact the clinic directly through the Internet(63.95%) The health/medical services used included health check-up (34.48%), dental services (29.22%), and day spa/massage (23.23%). The dental treatment that respondents had completed or planned to do included dental check-up (29.87%), tooth cleaning (26.68%), and tooth whitening (11.41%). Based on the influence of $_7P$ factors towards the respondent's decision to use the dental service, it was found that the average mean score range from 4.33-4.15 which were at the high to the very high level of influence to their decisions. The people factor had the highest average mean score (mean 4.33, SD= 0.604)followed by the price factor (mean 4.32, SD= 0.651), which both had the highest level of influence. The physical evidence factor had the lowest mean score (mean 4.15, SD+0.752) which was at the high level of importance. It should be noted that the factor concerning the modern technology and dental equipment (mean 4.33, SD=0.606) and factor on the quality of service (mean 4.43, SD= 0.598) had the highest mean score followed by the total cost of the trip including services being reasonable (mean 4.37, SD=0.582). Regarding the country factor, it was found that this factor also had highest influence level (mean 4.30, SD=0.67) and affordability had the highest mean score (mean 4.39, SD=0.614).