• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제64권12호
• /
• pp.642-651
• /
• 2021

Background: Infantile colic (IC) is excessive crying in otherwise healthy children. Despite vast research efforts, its etiology remains unknown. Purpose: Most treatments for IC carry various side effects. The collection of evidence may inform researchers of new strategies for the management and treatment of IC as well as new clues for understanding its pathogenesis. This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of probiotics for mananaging IC. Methods: Ten papers met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) software and a random-effects model. Results: This meta-analysis revealed that probiotics are effective for treating infantile colic, while the review showed that this efficacy may be due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: Probiotics may be an important treatment option for managing infantile colic due to their anti-inflammatory properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권12호
• /
• pp.1870-1875
• /
• 2020

Probiotics are often infused into functional foods or encapsulated in a supplement form to maintain a healthy balance between the gut microbiota and their host. Because there are milk-based functional foods such as yogurt and cheese on the market, it has been suggested that milk-based probiotics could be incorporated into skim milk proteins in a liquid capsule. Skim milk is mainly composed of casein and whey protein, which create a strong natural barrier and can be used to encapsulate probiotics. In this study, we compared the encapsulated probiotics prepared with milk-based concentrated cell mixtures using commercial probiotics. Probiotic capsules were emulsified with skim milk proteins using vegetable oil to form a double coating layer. The product was heat-stable when tested using a rheometer. The survival rate of the milk-based probiotic cells in the lower gastric environment with bile was significantly higher than commercial probiotics. Thus, milk-encapsulated probiotics exhibited greater efficacy in the host than other types of probiotics, suggesting that the former could be more viable with a longer shelf life under harsh conditions than other form of probiotics. Our findings suggested that, compared with other types of probiotics, milk-based probiotics may be a better choice for producers and consumers.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2020

Probiotics are actively being studied for their efficacious anticancer, anticholesterol, and antidiabetic properties. As novel probiotic strains are being developed continuously, new strain-specific safety issues may be reported. Therefore, a procedure for the safety evaluation of probiotic strains is needed. In this study, we investigated the current status of domestic and foreign guidelines for the evaluation of safety of probiotics and suggested a general probiotic safety evaluation process. In other countries, the guidelines for probiotic evaluation are provided and managed separately. However, in Korea, general guidelines are provided regarding the use of functional ingredients, and specific guidelines for the use of probiotics are lacking. A review step based on the characteristics of the probiotics has been introduced in the procedure for safety evaluation of probiotics. Additionally, it has been suggested that the safety evaluation process should consider the results of the functional and genomic analysis for strain identification. Moreover, the factors to be evaluated are presented separately for the notified and non-notified strains. The suggested evaluation procedure may ensure the safety of probiotics, thereby promoting enhanced utilization of probiotics as functional products.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.493-497
• /
• 2005

Probiotics are generally excreted within a few days if their ingestion in feces at the same rate as or even more quickly than a transit marker (meaning not clear). Ability of probiotics to adhere to intestine prolongs their persistence in gastrointestinal tract, allowing them to exert healthful effects longer. Hydrophobicities, zeta potentials, Alcian blue-binding capacities, and sedimentation profiles of Pichia farinosa SKM-1, P. anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 were determined to evaluate characteristic properties of cell surfaces responsible for adhesion. Results of intestinal Caco-2 cell line in vitro and murine intestine in vivo studies revealed these strains exhibit adhesive properties regardless of their cell surface hydrophobicity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.593-602
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 복합생균제의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 육의 이화학적 특성 및 장내미생물에 미치는 영향을 구명하고 실시하였다. 공시계는 육계초생추 Cobb 480수를 이용하였으며 평사에서 7주간 사용하였다. 시험사료에 첨가된 복합생균제의 첨가수준은 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.4%였으며 기초사료 영양소 함량은 사육전기(0${\sim}$3주)에 ME 3,100kcal/kg, CP 22.0%, 후기(4${\sim}$7주)에는 각각 3,100kcal/kg, 20.0%로 하였다. 복합생균ㄹ제의 급여에 의한 육계의 주령별 체중변화는 4주령까지는 첨가구와 대조가간에 차이를 나타내지 않았는데, 5주령에서는 0.2% 첨가구만 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보였으나(P<0.05), 6주령에서는 모든 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 무거웠다.(P<0.05). 사료섭취량은 전기간에서는 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나 6${\sim}$7주령에 0.4% 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 적게 섭취하였으며(P<0.05), 사료요구율은 4${\sim}$5주령에 0.2% 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 개선되었으나(P<0.05), 전 시험기간 동안에는 복합생균제의 첨가에 의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 7주령시 도체율은 암. 수 전체평균에서 0.4% 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비해 2.80% 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 보강지방축적율은 암.수 전체평균에서 0.2% 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 상당히 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 계육의 가열 감량은 0.4% 첨가구를 제외한 나머지 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05), 전단력은 0.4% 첨가구가 가열 감량과는 반대로 오히려 높았다(P<0.05). 회장과 맹장내의 매생물의 변화는 전체적으로 처리간 통계적 유의성은 보이지 않았으나, 회장과 맹장내의 유산균 수에 있어서는 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 다소 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면, 육계초길부터 급여된 복합생균제가 육계후기에 그 균총이 장내에 정착하게 됨으로 장내 유해세균의 수를 감소시키고, 영양소 흡수에 최적의 조건을 조성하여 생산성 향상을 가져올 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.265-275
• /
• 2017

The production of enzymes that help digestion, assimilation of essential nutrients, and prevent pathogenic bacteria are important for probiotics used in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to investigate enzyme activities for macromolecular organic matters and antimicrobial properties of the selected potential probiotics isolated from gut of surf clam (Tresus keenae) against well-known shellfish-pathogenic bacteria. Among 65 isolates from guts of 60 surf clams, seven Bacillus strains with outstanding degradation capability of macromolecule organic matter were selected as potential probiotics as follows: TKI01 (B. vietnamensis), TKI02, TKI26 (B. thuringiensis), TKI14, TKI32, TKI42 (B. amyloliquefaciens), and TKI18 (B. stratosphericus). After in vitro antimicrobial activity test was performed against five shellfish-pathogenic bacteria including Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. splendidus, V. harveyi, V. tubiashii, PCR assay was performed to detect bacteriocin-producing strain. PCR results revealed that the five Bacillus strains possessed diverse bacteriocin genes including ericinA, coagulin, surfactin, iturin, bacyllomicin, fengycin, bacylisin, subtilin, and lantibiotics. In the present study, the selected seven Bacillus strains showed different enzyme activities according to types of macromolecule organic matters. And their antimicrobial activities varied based on the species of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, at least five Bacillus strains had genetic potential to produce several natural lipopeptide antibiotics that may help biological control of surf clam aquaculture. Therefore, mixed use of probiotics might show co-operative effect and increase the efficiency of probiotics rather than separate use. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on antimicrobial properties of Bacillus species isolated from surf clam.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권5호
• /
• pp.1182-1193
• /
• 2021

The aims of this study were to develop a milk protein-based probiotic delivery system using a modified rennet-induced gelation method and to determine how the skim milk powder concentration level and pH, which can affect the rennet-induced intra- and inter-molecular association of milk proteins, affect the physicochemical properties of the probiotic delivery systems, such as the particle size, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and viability of probiotics in simulated gastrointestinal tract. To prepare a milk protein-based delivery system, skim milk powder was used as a source of milk proteins with various concentration levels from 3 to 10% (w/w) and rennet was added to skim milk solutions followed by adjustment of pH from 5.4 or 6.2. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was used as a probiotic culture. In confocal laser scanning microscopic images, globular particles with a size ranging from 10 ㎛ to 20 ㎛ were observed, indicating that milk protein-based probiotic delivery systems were successfully created. When the skim milk powder concentration was increased from 3 to 10% (w/w), the size of the delivery system was significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 27.5 to 44.4 ㎛, while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in size from 26.3 to 34.5 ㎛ was observed as the pH was increased from 5.4 to 6.4. An increase in skim milk powder concentration level and a decrease in pH led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the encapsulation efficiency of probiotics. The viability of probiotics in a simulated stomach condition was increased when probiotics were encapsulated in milk protein-based delivery systems. An increase in the skim milk powder concentration and a decrease in pH resulted in an increase in the viability of probiotics in simulated stomach conditions. It was concluded that the protein content by modulating skim milk powder concentration level and pH were the key manufacturing variables affecting the physicochemical properties of milk protein-based probiotic delivery systems.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.200-208
• /
• 2019

Probiotics show low cell viability after oral administration because they have difficulty surviving in the stomach due to low pH and enzymes. For the oral delivery of probiotics, developing a formula that protects the probiotic bacteria from gastric acidity while providing living cells is mandatory. In this study, we developed tablets using a new pH-sensitive phthalyl inulin (PI) to protect probiotics from gastric conditions and investigated the effects of different compression forces on cell survival. We made three different tablets under different compression forces and measured survivability, disintegration time, and kinetics in simulated gastric-intestinal fluid. During tableting, there were no significant differences in probiotic viability among the different compression forces although disintegration time was affected by the compression force. A higher compression force resulted in higher viability in simulated gastric fluid. The swelling degree of the PI tablets in simulated intestinal fluid was higher than that of the tablets in simulated gastric fluid due to the pH sensitivity of the PI. The probiotic viability formulated in the tablets was also higher in acidic gastric conditions than that for probiotics in solution. Rapid release of the probiotics from the tablet occurred in the simulated intestinal fluid due to the pH sensitivity. After 6 months of refrigeration, the viability of the PI probiotics was kept. Overall, this is the first study to show the pH-sensitive properties of PI and one that may be useful for oral delivery of the probiotics.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2008

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.141-145
• /
• 2014

시장에는 프로바이오틱스를 포함한 무수히 많은 제품이 판매되고 있는데, 우리에게 어떤 이로운 점을 줄 수 있는지 궁금해 한 적이 있었을 것이다. 프로바이오틱스는 기본적인 영양 측면을 배제하고, 우리가 유효한 양을 섭취하였을 때 건강상의 이점을 주는 살아있는 미생물로 정의된다. 프로바이오틱스는 유용하고 건강에 좋은 미생물로도 불려지고 있으며, 다음과 같은 다섯 가지 측면에서 건강 기능성이 있는 것으로 강조되어 왔는데, 1) 대장암 및 IBS와 같은 다른 대장(결장)관련 질병의 발병율 감소, 2) 면역 시스템의 촉진, 3) 항고혈압 및 항콜레스테롤 작용, 4) 장내세균에 작용하는 항생제의 효과를 경감시키고, 5) 위장관 감염을 예방시키는 점이다. 그러나 이러한 건강기능 작용들에 대한 과학적인 근거가 충분히 구축되어 있지는 않아, 유럽식품 위생위원회(Euroupe Food Safety Authority)는 항생제 투여에 따른 설사증상의 완화와 같은 건강기능 표시를 금지하고 있어, 프로바이오틱스의 작용기전에 대한 연구가 필요한 시점이라 하겠다.