• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1986

Plywood used for construction as a decorative inner material is inflammable and can fire accident, causing destruction of human life and property. In this study, 3.5mm Kapur plywoods were soaked in the 23% monoammonium phosphate solutions by cold soaking method 3, 6, 9hrs and hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, and redrying was carried out by press-drying at the platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, 180$^{\circ}C$, and then fire test was carried out to investigate burning point, flame exhausted length, frame spread length, back side carbonized area and weight loss. The results are as follows; 1. In cold soaking method for 3, 6, 9hrs. retentions of monoammonium phosphate were 0.377, 0.448, 0.498kg/(30cm)$^3$ respectively, and in hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, the retention was 1.331kg(30cm)$^3$ that exceeded the minimum retention 1.124kg/(30cm)$^3$. 2. Correlation coefficients among the variable were shown in table 2. From the table, it could be recognized that there were close negative correlations between the treatment and burning point, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, flame exhausted time and weight loss, and there was negative correlation between treating time and back side carbonized area, but there was positive correlation between platen temperature and burning point. 3. From table 3, it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, back side carhonized area, weight loss between treatments. And in 2-way interactions, there were also highly significant for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, weight loss between time x treatment. 4. It was observed that burning point, flame exhausted time, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, and weight loss in fire-retardant treated plywood were the best effects in fire-retardant treated plywood, water treated plywood and nontreated plywood. In conclusion, I can estimate that absorbed chemical contents by hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, have a lot of effects on fire-retardant factors such as burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, backside carbonized area and weight loss, but platen temperatures have a little effects on the fire factors.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.768-778
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• 2003

Numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate laminar convective heat transfer in a tube for supercritical water near the thermodynamic critical point. Fluid flow and heat transfer are strongly coupled due to large variations of thermodynamic and transport properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near the critical point. Heat transfer characteristics in the developing region of the tube show transition behavior between liquid-like and gas-like phases with a peak in heat transfer coefficient distribution near the pseudocritical point. The peak of the heat transfer coefficient depends on pressure and wall heat flux rather than inlet temperature and Reynolds number, Results of the modeling provide convective heat transfer characteristics including velocity vectors, temperature, and the properties as well as the heat transfer coefficient. The effect of proximity to the critical point is considered and a heat transfer correlation is suggested for the peak of Nusselt number in the tube.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Non-point pollution is caused by many diffusive sources, unlike a point pollution derived from industrial wastewater treatment plants or sewage treatment plants. Runoff of non-point pollutants is originated from rainfall or thawing in short period of time moving over and through the a ground surface. They cause ill effect on the quality of neighboring aquatic environment. To prevent effectively the wash off from non-point pollutant, it should be immediately reduced at the source or be treated after gathering of runoff water. This study has been carried out for the best width of riparian buffer zone. So we implemented the experiment in terms of its depth, width and kind of vegetations and calculated the reduction of pollutants loading. The experimental zone encompasses the watershed of Namhan River (Kyunggido Yangpyunggun Byungsanri). The region was divided into 5 land cover sectors : grass, reed, pussy willow, mixed(grass+pussy willow) and natural zone to compare effectiveness of vegetation. Water samples from four points have been collected in different depths. And the pollutant removal efficiency by sectors with different plant species was yielded through influent with one of each sample. And we obtained the correlation between the width of riparian buffer zone and the removal efficiency of pollutants. Using correlation result, the width of riparian buffer zones which needs to improve the water quality of river could be derived.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.633-640
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• 2001

As the public becomes concerned with looking younger and healthy, aesthetic considerations will become more relevant to dental treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between interdental papilla existence and the distance from contact point to interdental alveolar crest in the maxillary anterior dentition of korean. Fifty-nine Korean adult consist of adults. 34 males and 25 females participated in the study. Papilla Index(PI) was recorded. The distance between contact point and interdental alveolar crest was measured by sounding with Williams probe. Measurement were carried out in 257 maxillary anterior interproximal area. The results showed that mean PI was 1.95 and mean distance between contact point and interdental alveolar crest was 5.07mm. The correlation between the papilla index and distance was negative and statistically significant(r=-0.819; p=0.000). A high negative correlation existed between PI and distance from contact point to alveolar crest. When the distance between contact point and alveolar crest was 4mm, the papilla got lost on a half of all cases. When the distance was 5mm, the papilla was present almost 11%. When the distance was 6mm, the papilla was present 4%. When the distance was 7mm or more, the papilla was lost in all cases.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2018

국내 목조건축문화재는 자연환경에 그대로 노출되어 있어 생물피해와 여러 환경요인에 의해 피해가 가속화되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보은 법주사와 순천 선암사에 기상인자 모니터링을 위한 자동기상측정장비를 설치하여 기상데이터를 수집하였다. 이들 데이터에 통계 모형을 적용하여 기상인자를 예측하고 기상인자별 예측성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 법주사와 선암사 두 곳 모두에서 대기온도와 이슬점온도의 상관계수가 0.95 이상으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 상대습도의 상관계수는 0.65로 낮게 나타났다. 결과적으로 일반선형모형은 대기온도와 이슬점온도를 예측하기에 적합하다는 것을 확인하였다. 기상인자들 사이의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 법주사와 선암사 모두 대기온도와 이슬점온도, 일사량과 증발량 사이에 강한 양의 상관성을 보였으며, 법주사에서는 대기온도와 증발량이 약한 양의 상관성을 나타내었고 선암사에서는 풍속이 대기온도와 상대습도에 대하여 약한 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. 선암사의 풍속은 겨울에 높고 여름에 평균 이하로 낮아지는 패턴을 보이는데, 이것은 대기온도와 상대습도가 높은 여름철에 수분의 증발을 막고 정체시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되며, 결과적으로 이것이 선암사의 목조건축물 피해를 가속화시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2022

본 연구는 고등학생의 학업스트레스와 스마트폰 중독과의 관계에서 감성지능의 조절효과를 확인하기 위하여 시도되었다. 고등학생 207명을 대상으로 2019년 12월 1일부터 12월 23일까지 구조화된 설문지로 자료수집을 하였다. SPSS/WIN 23을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, 위계적 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 학업스트레스(범위 1~5점)는 2.75점, 감성지능(범위 1~5점)은 3.63점, 스마트폰 중독(범위 1~4점)은 2.18점으로 나타났다. 학업스트레스는 감성지능과는 부적 상관관계(r=-.15, p =.030), 스마트폰 중독과는 정적 상관관계(r=.25, p<.001), 감성지능은 스마트폰 중독과 부적 상관관계(r=-.25, p<.001)를 보였고 감성지능이 학업스트레스와 스마트폰 중독과의 관계를 조졀하는 것으로 나타났다(F=10.45, p<.001). 고등학생의 학업스트레스와 스마트폰 중독을 감소시키기 위해서는 고등학생의 감성지능을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요하다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2019

본 연구는 간호대학생의 전환충격과 임상실습적응과의 관계에서 감성지능의 조절효과를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 간호대학 3학년에 재학 중인 185명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 2019년 5월 1일부터 2019년 6월 14일까지 자료를 수집하였다. SPSS WIN 23을 이용하여 빈도, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, 위계적 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 간호대학생의 전환충격은 4점 만점에 2.32점, 감성지능은 5점 만점에 3.61점, 임상실습적응은 5점 만점에 3.40점으로 나타났다. 전환충격은 감성지능(r=-.26. p <.001), 임상실습적응(r=-.43. p <.001)과는 유의한 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 감성지능은 임상실습 적응과는 유의한 정적 상관관계(r=.36. p <.001)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 감성지능이 전환충격과 임상실습적응과의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다(${\Delta}R^2=0.21$, p<.001). 따라서 간호대학생의 감성지능을 향상 시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 적용하여 전환충격을 감소시켜 임상실습에 잘 적응하도록 하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.349-371
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• 1995

Professional nurse shall possess the firm nursing idea and ethical nursing philosophy based on the professional knowledge and technology but due to the rapid social situations has changed the value to man thus the nurse's sense of value in the nursing secenes has been confused and changed bringing the new ethical problems and discord due to the ethically difficult problems. This study is aimed to know about the discord between the ruling ethical sense of value and the ethical discord exeriencing in the clinical scenes of the nurse and to help them establish affirmative ethical sense of value and provide them with the materials which can effectively meet the ethical discord. The study research has been conducted by selecting 515 clinical nurses in 8 general hospitals as the subject from Mar. 13, 1995 to Apr. 3. The tool measuring the ethical sense of value disigned by Lee, Young Sook has been used and supplemented and the tool measuring the ethical discord was the question papers about the ethical dillemma of Han, Sung Sook. The collected materials have been analyzed by the statistical methods of arithmetical everage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and etc. The result of the study is as the below ; 1) The average point of the ethical sense of value of the nurse was 3.62(maximum point : 5) which showed that the ethical level was so high and the highest question item in the ethical level of the whole items of the ethical sense of value was "They conduct as directed by the doctor in case the disposition of the doctor looks mistaken"(4.56 point), "They keep the secret of the patients while serving them."(4.56) and the lowest item was "using placobo for the patients is not allowed" : (1.85 point). 2) Statistical variation which showed the significant difference in the relation with the ethical sense of value according to the general characters of the nurse has shown as scholarly years(F=3.47, p=.016), religion(F=1.66, p=.004), interest degree of ethical education(F=4.18, p=.006),attitude to the job of nursing(F=6.76, p=.006), ethical standard(F=3.28, p=.021), and recognition degree on ethical principles(F=4.53, p=.001). 3) The average point of the ethical discord of the nurse was 0.54(The maximum-1 point) point and the ethical discord in the clinical scenes : "the problems arising from the lack of manpower of the nurse"(0.86), "the discord from the uncooperative relation between them and the medical staff and"(0.75) and indifference of the doctor about the report of the nurse(0.73). 4) The variation which showed the significant difference statistically in the ethical discord according to the general characters of the nurse was that Age(F=19.88, p=.000), schooling(F=5.32, p=.001), Experience(F=15.77, p=.000), position(F=13.58, p=.000) and ethical standard(F=2.63, p=.049). 5) The results of the analysis of correlation between ethical sense of value and discord(r=0.519, p=.239) showed no significant correlation statistically.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1340-1349
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• 2012

Increasing the oxidation of fat through exercise is the recommendable method for weight control. Preceding researches have proposed increase in the usage of fat during exercise in stabilized state and under maximum exertion through aerobic training. However, such researches require additional equipment for gas analysis in order to measure the caloric value or gas exchange of subjects during exercise. Such equipments become highly restrictive for those exercise and cause substantially higher cost. According to this, we have presented the method of estimating the maximal fat oxidation point through changes in LF & HF which reflects changes in heart rate and the autonomic nervous system in order to induce exercise for a less restrictive and efficient fat oxidation than existing methods. We have conducted exercise stress test on subject with similar exercise abilities, and have detected the changes in heart rate and changes in LF & HF by measuring changes in fat oxidation and measuring ECG signals at the same time through a gas analyzer. Changes in heart rate and HRV of the subjects during exercising was detected through only the electrocardiographic signals from exercising and detected the point of maximum fat oxidation that differs from person to person. The experiment was carried out 16 healthy males, and used Modified Bruce Protocol, which is one of the methods of exercise stress test methods that use treadmill. The fat oxidation amount during exercise of all the subjects showed fat oxidation of more than 4Fkcal/min in the exercise intensity from about 5 minutes to 10 minutes. The correlation between the maximal fat oxidation point obtained through gas analysis and the point when 60% starts to be relevant in the range from -0.01 to 0.01 seconds for values of R-R interval from changes in heart rate had correlation coefficients of 0.855 in Kendall's method and in Spearman's rho, it showed significant results of it being p<0.01 with 0.950, respectively. Furthermore, in the changes in LF & HF, we have determined the point where the normalized area value starts to become the same as the maximal fat oxidation point, and the correlation here showed 0.620 in Kendall and 0.780 in Spearma of which both showed significant results as p<0.01.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2015

목적: 기능성누진렌즈 구매자의 구매실태 및 동향을 파악하고, ADD 결정에 필요한 양안시기능값의 변수 상관성을 분석하여 향후 판매와 처방에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 방법: 2011년부터 2014년까지 기능성누진렌즈를 처방받은 298명의 처방전을 바탕으로 데이터를 분석하고 SPSS(Ver. 20.0)를 사용하여 통계처리를 실시하였다. 결과: 구매고객은 평균 나이 $27.66{\pm}11.55$ 세이며, 가입도는 $+0.73{\pm}0.36D$, ADD $+0.75{\pm}0.28D$의 처방을 받아 사용한 고객이 132명(44.33%)으로 가장 높았다. 폭주근점은 대부분이 10 cm 이내로 276명(92.62%)였다. 조절근점이 10 cm 이내로 검사된 고객의 수는 134명의 44.97%, 11~15 cm 이내는 122명의 40.94%로 두가지 검사 모두 정상 범위가 대다수이나 폭주근점에 비하면 조절근점의 측정거리가 먼 경우가 많았다. 이는 대부분의 고객들이 조절이 부족하기 보다는 조절에 도움을 요구하는 구매자들이 많았음을 시사한다. FCC(Fused cross cylinder)검사값과 ADD(가입도)검사 값은 강한 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었으며(p=0.00), NPC와 NPA도 p=0.001로, NPC(Near Point of Convergence)와 ADD의 상관관계는 p=0.003으로, 또한 NPA(Near Point of Accommodation)와 ADD도 p=0.005로 유의한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 조절근점과 허성상대조절력, 실성상대조절력과의 상관관계는 모두 p=0.00로 유의하게 조사 되었으며, ADD에 따른 근거리 관련 변수인 NPC, NPA, 나이 역시 서로 편상관관계가 유의하게 나타났다. 결론: 대상자들의 양안시기능값은 서로 높은 상관성을 보여 정확한 검사에 의한 처방이 필요함을 알 수 있었으며, 나이가 젊은 사람들이 주로 근업에 불편감을 느껴 낮은 ADD값을 처방받음을 알 수 있다. 그래서 초기 노안자나 조절이 부족한 경우 외 정상적인 조절을 가지고 있지만 잦은 근업으로 인해 피로도를 느끼는 고객에게 기능성누진렌즈의 설계에 따른 기대효과, 특징의 정확한 고지가 필요하다.