• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2021

이상의 연구 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 산돌배 열매추출물은 대식세포에서 TLR2와 TLR4를 자극하여 MAPKs 신호전달을 활성화하여 NO, iNOS, IL-1𝛽, IL-6 및 TNF-α와 같은 면역증진 인자의 생성을 유도하고, 대식세포의 포식작용을 활성화시키는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 산돌배 추출물은 대식세포의 활성화를 통해 인체의 면역시스템을 강화할 수 있으므로, 향후 면역 보조제나 면역증진을 위한 기능성 식의약품 개발을 위한 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.432-448
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• 2022

Planthopper infestation in rice causes direct and indirect damage through feeding and viral transmission. Host microbes and small RNAs (sRNAs) play essential roles in regulating biological processes, such as metabolism, development, immunity, and stress responses in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and insects. Recently, advanced metagenomic approaches have facilitated investigations on microbial diversity and its function in insects and plants, highlighting the significance of microbiota in sustaining host life and regulating their interactions with the environment. Recent research has also suggested significant roles for sRNA-regulated genes during rice-planthopper interactions. The response and behavior of the rice plant to planthopper feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome, which might be regulated by sRNAs. In addition, the roles of microbial symbionts and sRNAs in the host response to viral infection are complex and involve defense-related changes in the host transcriptomic profile. This review reviews the structure and potential functions of microbes and sRNAs in rice and the associated planthopper species. In addition, the involvement of the microbiota and sRNAs in the rice-planthopper-virus interactions during planthopper infestation and viral infection are discussed.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Silymarin is a flavonoid complex extracted from the Silybum marianum plant with a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin were investigated in BALB/c mice. Silymarin was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Following the exposure, host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity and histopathological examination, as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, hemagglutination titers (HA), splenocyte cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation assay were studied in all of the test groups of animals. The results showed that the low dose of silymarin (50 mg/kg) could stimulate both cellular and humoral immune functions in the treated hosts. In addition, silymarin at 100 mg/kg appeared to impact on DTH responses and lymphoproliferation. Based on the finding here, it would seem that silymarin has efficient immunostimulant properties. As a recommendation, the application of silymarin along with acupuncture technique (herbal acupuncture) can be thought as a good plan to modulate and enhance the immune system for the management of several immunodeficiency disorders. However, further studies are required to demonstrate this hypothesis.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study verified the physiological and psychological effects of plant fragrance therapy to analyze whether the therapy has a forest healing effect on maladjusted soldiers. Methods: This study was conducted from March 14 to May 31, 2020 according to the Green Camp curriculum for 2 weeks per recruit class. Thus, plant fragrance therapy was implemented twice each for three recruit classes. Each session of the program was carried out for 4 hours from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The venue was the garden within the camp and the forest nearby. Forest healing activities using plant fragrances were led by 1 forest education specialist and 1 assistant. The effects of plant fragrance therapy for maladjusted soldiers were analzed analyzed by quantifying physiological and psychological changes through measuring brain waves and stress levels before and after the therapy. Results: As a result of analyzing BRQ and SQ to determine the physiological and psychological healing effect of plant fragrance therapy, both the left and right brain showed higher BRQ and SQ after the therapy with statistical significance. This indicates that plant fragrance therapy on maladjusted soldiers helped positively stabilize their negative psychological and behavioral dispositions, and stabilization of brain waves lowered physical and mental stress and improved self-regulation and immunity. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in ATO. This is the result of analyzing the stress-coping mechanism. Troubleshooting (t = -2.702, df = 61, p = .009), emotional remission (t = -2.173, df = 61, p = .034), pursuit of help (t = -3.286), df = 61, p = .002), and wishful thinking (t = -3.714, df = 61, p < .001) showed statistically significant results. Conclusion: Applying plant fragrance therapy to maladjusted soldiers positively stabilized their negative psychological and behavioral dispositions and helped their self-regulation. Thus, plant fragrance therapy has psychological and physical forest healing effect on maladjusted soldiers.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1958

Durlng various experiments and investigations with antigrowth virus, I studied especially the infective and antiinfective process of it in small animals, and have got following results: 1. The rabbits are easily infected with this virus, having following five stages; incubation period of 2 to 3 days, stage of fever for 2 to 4 day, transient anemic stage, transient fcteric stage and stage of lasting iron-precipitation in the spleen. 2. According to the appearance of icteruis, I have divided the rabbits into following three groups, the first gorup, weighting less than 1000g, died after appearance of icterus, the second group, weighting 1000 to 1500 g. recoy ered after appearance of icterus, and the third group, weighting more than 1500 g. recovered without the appearance of jaundice. 3. In hematological study, marked decrease in R. B. C. and Hb were recognized but various leucocytes except lymphocytes slightly increased. 4. In pathological study, the spleen exhibited marked swelling with abundent blood and indistinct border between trabeculae and pulps at the initial stage of icterus and notable atrophy at the end stage of it. There are few iron-cells in the spleen histologically at the initial stage, but they increased in number with granuar appearance at the end stage. In the first group of rabbits above mentionel, the iron-cells increase suddenly with the death of animal and show diffuse precipitation of iron. The liver and indey have defferent aspects in proportion to icterus. If icterus appears, they show markel changes with turbidity and necrosis, but without icterus they present only slight changes. 5. The neutralining antibody is easily proved in the immunized rabbits for about one year. 6. The passive immunity has the defense immunability until 10\ulcorner 7. Gunia pigs are easily infected with this virus and get the immunity. On fowls this virus can be kept in the blood for about ten days by various inoculating methods, and the fowls obtain the defensive ability by reinoculation, but are unable to succeed this ability from generation to generation. 8. when young swine are infected with this virus, their growth are disturbed and result in atrophied swine. It is therofor presumed that the etiology of the antigrowth of these atrophied swine is similar morphological and functional changes observed in the above rabbits.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

Bacterial wilt caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of potato crops. Harmonizing immunity to pathogens and crop yield is a balance between productive, economic, and environmental interests. In this work, the agronomic performance of two events of potato cultivar INIA Iporá expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana EFR gene (Iporá EFR 3 and Iporá EFR 12) previously selected for their high resistance to bacterial wilt was evaluated under pathogen-free conditions. During two cultivation cycles, the evaluated phenotypic characteristics were emergence, beginning of flowering, vigor, growth, leaf morphology, yield, number and size of tubers, analyzed under biosecurity standards. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated did not show differences, except in the morphology of the leaf with a more globose appearance and a shortening of the rachis in the transformation events with respect to untransformed Iporá. The Iporá EFR 3 genotype showed a ~40% yield decrease in reference to untransformed Iporá in the two trials, while Iporá EFR 12 did not differ statistically from untransformed Iporá. Iporá EFR 12 shows performance stability in the absence of the pathogen, compared to the untransformed control, positioning it as an interesting candidate for regions where the presence of the pathogen is endemic and bacterial wilt has a high economic impact.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2018

Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, results in an extensive loss of rice productivity. Previously, we identified a novel M. oryzae secreted protein, termed MSP1 which causes cell death and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immune (PTI) responses in rice. Here, we report the transcriptome profile of MSP1-induced response in rice, which led to the identification of 21,619 genes, among which 4,386 showed significant changes (P < 0.05 and fold change > 2 or < 1/2) in response to exogenous MSP1 treatment. Functional annotation of differentially regulated genes showed that the suppressed genes were deeply associated with photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, lipid synthesis, and protein synthesis, while the induced genes were involved in lipid degradation, protein degradation, and signaling. Moreover, expression of genes encoding receptor-like kinases, MAPKs, WRKYs, hormone signaling proteins and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were also induced by MSP1. Mapping these differentially expressed genes onto various pathways revealed critical information about the MSP1-triggered responses, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism and components of MSP1-triggered PTI responses in rice.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.148.2-149
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• 2003

Cucumber fruit mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CFMMV) causes severe mosaic symptoms with yellow mottling on leaves and fruits, and occasionally severe wilting of cucumber plants. No genetic source of resistance against this virus has been identified. The genes coding for the coat protein or the putative 54-kDa replicase were cloned into binary vectors under control of the SVBV promoter. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was peformed on cotyledon explants of a parthenocarpic cucumber cultivar with superior competence for transformation. R1 seedlings were evaluated for resistance to CFMMV infection by lack of symptom expression, back inoculation on an alternative host and ELISA. From a total of 14 replicase-containing R1 lines, 8 exhibited immunity, while only 3 resistant lines were found among a total of 9 CP-containing lines. Line 144 homozygous for the 54-kDa replicase was selected for further resistance analysis. Line 144 was immune to CFMMV infection by mechanical and graft inoculation, or by root infection following planting in CFMMV-contaminated soil. Additionally, line 144 showed delay of symptom appearance following infection by other cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses. Infection of line 144 plants with various potyviruses and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus did not break the resistance to CFMMV. The mechanism of resistance of line 144 appears to be RNA-mediated, however the means is apparently different from the gene silencing phenomenon. Homozygote line 144 cucumber as rootstock demonstrated for the first time protection of a non-transformed scion from soil inoculation with a soil borne pathogen, CFMMV.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.609-622
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• 2019

Sound vibration (SV) treatment can trigger various molecular and physiological changes in plants. Previously, we showed that pre-exposure of Arabidopsis plants to SV boosts its defense response against Botrytis cinerea fungus. The present study was aimed to investigate the changes in the proteome states in the SV-treated Arabidopsis during disease progression. Proteomics analysis identified several upregulated proteins in the SV-infected plants (i.e., SV-treated plants carrying Botrytis infection). These upregulated proteins are involved in a plethora of biological functions, e.g., primary metabolism (i.e., glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, ATP synthesis, cysteine metabolism, and photosynthesis), redox homeostasis, and defense response. Additionally, our enzyme assays confirmed the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes in the SV-infected plants compared to control plants. Broadly, our results suggest that SV pre-treatment evokes a more efficient defense response in the SV-infected plants by modulating the primary metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) has consistently been reported to enhance plant immunity. However, the specific mechanisms and downstream components that mediate this resistance are not yet agreed upon. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule involved in a diverse range of physiological processes, and whether NO is involved in BABA-induced resistance is interesting. In this study, treatment with BABA significantly increased NO accumulation and reduced the sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants. BABA treatment reduced physical signs of infection and increased both the transcription of key defense marker genes and the activity of defensive enzymes. Interestingly, compared to treatment with BABA alone, treatment with BABA plus cPTIO (NO specific scavenger) not only significantly reduced NO accumulation, but also increased disease incidence and lesion area. These results suggest that NO accumulation plays an important role in BABA-induced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato plants.