• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.786-790
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• 2006

Cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (heat-killed whole cells, cytoplasm, and cell walls) were tested for their in vivo immunopotentiating activity. Peritoneal macrophages from mice orally administered with heat-killed whole cells exhibited significantly greater phagocytic activity than the groups administered with cell-wall fraction or cytoplasm fraction. The cytotoxicity of natural-killer cells was the highest in the group administered with whole cells, and the production of cytokines ($IFN-\gamma$, IL-2, and IL-12) in spleen cells was significantly higher, when cellular components were injected, and it tended to be higher in the cell-wall and cytoplasm groups than in the whole-cell group. Interestingly, the cytokine production of Peyer's patch cells was high, when cytoplasm fractions were administered. These results demonstrate that whole cells and cytoplasm and cell-wall fractions of L. lactis ssp. lactis have immunopotentiating activities, which are related to the stimulation of Peyer's patches.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2021

Ovotransferrin (OTF), an egg protein known as transferrin family protein, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This is because OTF has two iron binding sites, so it has a strong metal chelating ability. The present study aimed to evaluate the improved immune-enhancing activities of OTF hydrolysates produced using bromelain, pancreatin, and papain. The effects of OTF hydrolysates on the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages were confirmed. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using Griess reagent and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-6) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages were evaluated using an ELISA assay and neutral red uptake assay, respectively. All OTF hydrolysates enhanced NO production by increasing iNOS mRNA expression. Treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with OTF hydrolysates increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phagocytic activity. The production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by OTF hydrolysates was inhibited by the addition of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. In conclusion, results indicated that all OTF hydrolysates activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by activating MAPK signaling pathway.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2004

The immunoenhancing effect of CLA isomers (CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA, 9c-11c CLA, 9c-11c CLA, and 9t-11t CLA) on phagocytic activity of porcine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined. The phagocytic activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The direct treatments of CLA isomers have no effect on phagocytosis of PMN as well as PBMC composed of approximately 10% monocytes and 90% lymphocytes. However, the phagocytic activities of PMN and monocyterich fraction from PBMC were remarkably enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA and 9c-11t CLA but not 9c-11c CLA and 9t-11t CLA. The phagocytic activity of PBMC was not enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with all CLA isomers. These results indicated that CLA isomers such as CLA mixture, l0t -12c CLA and 9c-11t CLA have an enhancing effect on phagocytosis of PMN and monocytes, which may be mediated through active humoral substances produced by CLA-stimulated PBMC. This study suggested that CLA stimulates PBMC to elaborate soluble factor(s), which may be an important mechanism for the enhancement of phagocytosis in non-specific immunity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.932-937
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Yonggak-san (YGS) on the immune reaction and apoptosis of leukemia cells. Administration of YGS(500 mg/kg) enhanced proliferation of splenocytes, thymocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells, and also YGS accelerated subpopulation of splenic Band T, thymic T and mesenteric lymph node-T lymphocytes, especially significantly increased CD4+-TH cells in BALB/c mice. YGS accelerated phagocytic activity and production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages. YGS induced apoptosis of transplanted-L1210 cells in vivo, increased apoptotic cell death of cultured-L1210 and/or Molt4 human leukemia cells, decreased of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of both cells in vitro. These results suggest that YGS have an immune-regulatory effect and anti-cancer property.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1986

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng petroleum ether fraction on delayed type hypersensitivity, rosette formation, phagocytic activity and histophathological influence in lead acetate treated mice. Lead acetate was administered in the drinking water and ginseng pet. ether fraction was injected i.p.. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. Erythrocyte(I) rosette formation and DTH reaction were significantly depressed in lead acetate treated mice, and those were restored administration of ginseng fraction. Ginseng pet. ether fraction administration did not have any effect on decreased phagocytic activity. Follicular and parafollicular areal destruction of spleen, and destruction of thymus were finded in lead acetate exposed-mice. Small dose of ginseng pet. ether fraction (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg), administraction inhibited those histopathological changes, but large dose (20 mg/kg) didn't.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1990

The effects of panaxytrion as known to be a cytotoxic substance isolated from Panax ginseng on the immune responses were examined. The i.p. administration of panaxytriol to normal mice for 6 consecutive days as doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg suppressed the increase of body weight dose-dependently but did not affect the weight ratio of immunoorgans to body weight, No significant changes were observed in the humoral immune responses as measured by Arthus reaction and plaque forming cells and in the cellular immune response as measured by delayed hypersensitivity as well as phagocytic activity of reticuloendotherial system. These results suggested that panaxytriol, a cytotoxic substance to cancer cells, has no detrimental effects on the immune function in normal mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2000

Objectives : Yukmi-Jihwang-Tang(YJT) has been used in Oriental Medicine as a drug for tonifying and nourishing yin. So, the purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of Yukmi-Jihwang-Tang extract(YJTE) on the T-lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in mice. Methods : YJTE consists of the following components; Rehmaniae Radix Preparata(熟地黃), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Corni-Fructus(山茱萸), Hoelen alba(白茯), Moutan Cortex Radicis(牧丹皮), Alismatis Rhizoma(澤瀉). Result : The results of this Study were obtained as follow; The administration of YJTE did not affect T-lymphocytes apoptosis. YJTE decreased sub-population of TH and TC cells, and proliferation of T-lymphocytes too. But YJTE accelerated phagocytic activity and Nitric Oxide(NO) production from peritoneal macrophages in mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that the administeration of YJTE suppresses T-cell mediated immunity, but activates peritoneal macrophages.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1391-1396
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of supercritical fluid extract of Kamichungbieum (SFE) on immune reaction. SFE did not affect the subpopulation of murine splenocytes and increased the production of interleukin-2 in serum. Also, SFE inhibited the influx of Ca/sup 2+/ into mast cells and the release of histamine from mast cells. Furthermore, SFE decreased the phagocytic activity of murine macrophages, These results indicate that SFE may be useful for the treatment of allergy related disease via inhibition of histamine release from mast cells and decrease of phagocytic activity of murine macrophages.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

The effects of genistein on murine thymocytes for inducing apoptotic cell death and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage were studied in vitro. Addition of genistein (10 and 50$\mu$M) to cultured thymocytes from BALB/c mice definitely promoted DNA fragmentation. Also, cytofluorometric analysis of these cells demonstrated a reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential ($\Delta$Ψm). But, repeated administration of genistein (1 mg/mouse/day) to mice for 7 days did not cause any detectable DNA fragmentation. Genistein decreased lucigenin chemiluminescence and engulfment of fluorescein-conjugated E. coli particles in peritoneal macrophage. These results suggest that genistein induce an apoptosis of thymocyte via reduction in $\Delta$Ψm and decrease phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

The oral administration of Aurantii nobilis pericarpium (ANP) extract and Aurantii immaturi pericarpium (AIP) extract suppressed the cell viability of both thymocytes and splenocytes in BALB/c mice. The ANP extract (500 mg/kg) enhanced the population of $B220^+$ cells, and the AIP also enhanced the population of B220+ and Thy-1+ cells in splenocytes. The AIP extract enhanced the population of $CD4-CD8^+$ cells in splenic T-lymphocytes. However, the ANP did not affect, whereas the AIP enhanced the phagocytic activity and the nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages.