• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 1996

Detection of arcing high impedance faults has been a perplexing in the power distribution protection. Transient analysis of distribution disturbances for fault discrimination from other normal events is important for a secure protection of the power system. A simple parameter of wave form distortion quantification is used to analyze the behaviors of arcing faults and normal distribution disturbances. Theoretical perspectives of the transients were studied and actual disturbances were examined. From this investigation, a discrimination guideline based on the revised crest factor is developed. The discrimination method has a high potential to enhance the reliability and security for the distribution system protection.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1297-1310
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• 2008

Main purpose of this paper is to combine the optimal form of Fan's best approximation theorem and Nash's equilibrium existence theorem into a single existence theorem simultaneously. For this, we first prove a general best proximity pair theorem which includes a number of known best proximity theorems. Next, we will introduce a new equilibrium concept for a generalized Nash game with normal form, and as applications, we will prove new existence theorems of Nash equilibrium pairs for generalized Nash games with normal form.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

This study investigated speech rate and intonation slope (least square method; F0, quarter-tone) in normal and CI children's utterances. Each group consisted of 12 people and were divided into groups of children with CI operation (before 3;00), children with CI operation (after 3;00), and normal children. Materials are composed of four kinds of grammatical dialogue sentences which are lacking in respect. Given three groups as independent variables and both speech rate and intonation slope as dependent variables, a one-way ANOVA showed that normal children had faster speech rates and steeper intonation slopes than those of the CI group. More specifically, there was a statistically significant speech rate difference between normal and CI children in all of the sentential patterns but imperative form (p<.01). Additionally, F0 and qtone slope observed in sentential final word showed a significant statistical difference between normal and CI children in imperative form (f0: p<.01; q-tone: p<.05).

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-77
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• 2021

Let M be a semi-invariant submanifold of codimension 3 with almost contact metric structure (��, ξ, η, g) in a complex space form Mn+1(c), c ≠ 0. We denote by Rξ = R(·, ξ)ξ and A(i) be Jacobi operator with respect to the structure vector field ξ and be the second fundamental form in the direction of the unit normal C(i), respectively. Suppose that the third fundamental form t satisfies dt(X, Y ) = 2��g(��X, Y ) for certain scalar ��(≠ 2c)and any vector fields X and Y and at the same time Rξ is ��∇ξξ-parallel, then M is a Hopf hypersurface in Mn(c) provided that it satisfies RξA(1) = A(1)Rξ, RξA(2) = A(2)Rξ and ${\bar{r}}-2(n-1)c{\leq}0$, where ${\bar{r}}$ denotes the scalar curvature of M.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2022

This study evaluated the external form of Rhodeus notatus TSV (transparent-scaled variant) type identified in Korea for the first time and compared it with that of the normal type. The TSV units newly found on Rhodeus notatus are iii10 of dorsal fin and anal fin iii10, which are similar to that in the normal type, considering the observing coefficient of each part's fins. The external form is, transparent enough to see the red gill filament in the operculum, the spiral digestive organ is observed opaquely, and numerous melanophores are stained at the upper part of abdomen. The coloration and scales are different between TSV type and normal type; however, there is no difference in the external form and meristic character.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2015

Objective: The purposes of this study were 1) to classify lingual dental arch form types based on the lingual bracket points and 2) to provide a new lingual arch form template based on this classification for clinical application through the analysis of three-dimensional virtual models of normal occlusion sample. Methods: Maxillary and mandibular casts of 115 young adults with normal occlusion were scanned in their occluded positions and lingual bracket points were digitized on the virtual models by using Rapidform 2006 software. Sixty-eight cases (dataset 1) were used in K-means cluster analysis to classify arch forms with intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths and width/depth ratios as determinants. The best-fit curves of the mean arch forms were generated. The remaining cases (dataset 2) were mapped into the obtained clusters and a multivariate test was performed to assess the differences between the clusters. Results: Four-cluster classification demonstrated maximum inter-cluster distance. Wide, narrow, tapering, and ovoid types were described according to the intercanine and intermolar widths and their best-fit curves were depicted. No significant differences in arch depths existed among the clusters. Strong to moderate correlations were found between maxillary and mandibular arch widths. Conclusions: Lingual arch forms have been classified into 4 types based on their anterior and posterior dimensions. A template of the 4 arch forms has been depicted. Three-dimensional analysis of the lingual bracket points provides more accurate identification of arch form and, consequently, archwire selection.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2024

Let M be a semi-invariant submanifold of codimension 3 with almost contact metric structure (𝜙, 𝜉, 𝜂, g) in a complex space form M_n+1(c). We denote by A, K and L the second fundamental forms with respect to the unit normal vector C, D and E respectively, where C is the distinguished normal vector, and by R_𝜉 = R(𝜉, ·)𝜉 the structure Jacobi operator. Suppose that the third fundamental form t satisfies dt(X, Y) = 2𝜃g(𝜙X, Y) for a scalar 𝜃(≠ 2c) and any vector fields X and Y , and at the same time R_𝜉K = KR_𝜉 and ∇_{𝜙∇𝜉𝜉}R_𝜉 = 0. In this paper, we prove that if it satisfies ∇_𝜉R_𝜉 = 0 on M, then M is a real hypersurface of type (A) in M_n(c) provided that the scalar curvature $\bar{r}$ of M holds $\bar{r}-2(n-1)c{\leq}0$.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2003

This paper proposes a new multiplicative inverse algorithm for the Galois field GF (2/sup m/) whose elements are represented by optimal normal basis type Ⅱ. One advantage of the normal basis is that the squaring of an element is computed by a cyclic shift of the binary representation. A normal basis element is always possible to rewrite canonical basis form. The proposed algorithm combines normal basis and canonical basis. The new algorithm is more suitable for implementation than conventional algorithm.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

Cancer show distinct pattern of gene expression when it is compared to normal. This difference results malignant characteristic of cancer. Many cancer drugs are targeting this difference so that it can selectively kill cancer cells. One of the recent demand for personalized treating cancer is retrieving normal tissue from a patient so that the gene expression difference between cancer and normal be assessed. However, in most clinical situation it is hard to retrieve normal tissue from a patient. This is because biopsy of normal tissues may cause damage to the organ function or a risk of infection or side effect what a patient to take. Thus, there is a challenge to estimate normal cell's gene expression where cancers are originated from without taking additional biopsy. In this paper, we propose in-silico based prediction of normal cell's gene expression from gene expression data of a tumor sample. We call this challenge as reverting the cancer into normal. We divided this challenge into two parts. The first part is making a generator that is able to fool a pretrained discriminator. Pretrained discriminator is from the training of public data (9,601 cancers, 7,240 normals) which shows 0.997 of accuracy to discriminate if a given gene expression pattern is cancer or normal. Deceiving this pretrained discriminator means our method is capable of generating very normal-like gene expression data. The second part of the challenge is to address whether generated normal is similar to true reverse form of the input cancer data. We used, cycle-consistent adversarial networks to approach our challenges, since this network is capable of translating one domain to the other while maintaining original domain's feature and at the same time adding the new domain's feature. We evaluated that, if we put cancer data into a cycle-consistent adversarial network, it could retain most of the information from the input (cancer) and at the same time change the data into normal. We also evaluated if this generated gene expression of normal tissue would be the biological reverse form of the gene expression of cancer used as an input.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.229-257
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• 2022

Let M be a semi-invariant submanifold of codimension 3 with almost contact metric structure (𝜙, 𝜉, 𝜂, g) in a complex space form M_n+1(c), c ≠ 0. We denote by A and R_𝜉 the shape operator in the direction of distinguished normal vector field and the structure Jacobi operator with respect to the structure vector 𝜉, respectively. Suppose that the third fundamental form t satisfies dt(X, Y) = 2𝜃g(𝜙X, Y) for a scalar 𝜃(< 2c) and any vector fields X and Y on M. In this paper, we prove that if it satisfies R_𝜉A = AR_𝜉 and at the same time ∇_𝜉R_𝜉 = 0 on M, then M is a Hopf hypersurface of type (A) provided that the scalar curvature s of M holds s - 2(n - 1)c ≤ 0.