• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.282.2-283
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• 2003

The carboxylated acidic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute the principal class of agents for controlling the pain and inflammation of the rheumatic diseases. It is mostly administered as a racemic mixture like most other drugs with asymmetric carbon atoms. However enantiomers of many racemic drug substances have been shown to posses different pharmacological toxicological properties. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.276.2-276.2
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• 2003

Simultaneous enantioseparation of nine racemic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for their accurate chiral discrimination was achieved by cyclodextrin (CO) modified capillary electrophoresis in the normal polarity (NP) mode and in the reversed polarity (RP) mode. The NP mode employed neutral tri-O-methyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (TM${\beta}$CD) as a selector dissolved in MES buffer (PH 6.0). (omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2018

Purpose: On November 15, 2012, sales of OTC (Over-The-Counter) drugs began at convenience stores, which changed the accessibility of some drugs. As a result, the exposure and access patterns of these drugs could have changed. In this study, we reviewed the changes in the characteristics of drug poisoning patients because of the reposition of nonprescription drugs according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate changes in characteristics of drug poisoning patients between 2008 and 2016. A registry was developed by an emergency medical center in a local tertiary teaching hospital, and patients who visited the center were enrolled in this registry. We compared two periods, from 2008 to 2012 (Pre OTC) and from 2013 to 2016 (Post OTC), for type of intoxicant, time from poisoning to visiting the emergency center, intention, psychiatric history, previous suicidal attempt, alcohol status, and emergency room outcomes. The primary outcome was the number of patients who took acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Secondary outcomes were ICU admission rate, mortality rate, and number of patients who visited the ER when the pharmacy was closed after taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Results: Among 1,564 patients, 945 and 619 patients visited the emergency room during pre and post OTC periods. The number of patients with acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning decreased from 9.2% to 6.1% (p=0.016). The ICU admission rate and mortality rate in the emergency room did not show significant results in the relevant patient groups, and so was the number of patients visiting ER when the pharmacy was closed taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Conclusion: Despite the sales of nonprescription drugs at convenience stores, the number of acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning patients decreased.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4-8
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• 2021

Background: As nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids have similar effects, steroids can be avoided to reduce adverse effects. This study aimed to compare the differences in symptom improvement after subacromial injection of steroids or NSAIDs. Methods: Sixty patients with rotator cuff syndrome for at least 3 months were enrolled and divided into steroid and NSAID groups. The steroid group received a mixture of 1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) and 1 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, while the NSAID group received a mixture of 1 mL of Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg/mL) and 1 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2%. The patients were assessed before and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure. Shoulder scores from visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) were used for evaluation. Results: Both groups showed improvements in the clinical outcomes. Overall VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores improved from 6.9, 32.7, and 16.0 before the procedure to 2.0, 1.2, and 1.1; 81.5, 87.6, and 88.5; and 29.7, 31.8, and 32.0 at weeks 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure, respectively. Twenty-six patients (86.7%) in the steroid group and 28 (93.3%) in the NSAID group reported satisfactory treatment outcomes. There were no significant differences in the outcomes between the two groups (p=0.671). Conclusions: Subacromial injection of NSAIDs for rotator cuff tendinitis with shoulder pain had equivalent outcomes with those of steroid injection at the 12-week follow-up.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2005

In this study, we tried to investigate whether diclofenac, acetaminophen, nimesulide, acetylsalicylic acid and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) significantly affect mucin release from cultured airway goblet cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with $^3H$-glucosamine for 24 hr and chased for 30 min or 24 hr in the presence of each agent to assess the effects on $^3H$-mucin release. The results were as follows: (1) TNF-alpha significantly increased mucin release from cultured HTSE cells during 24 hr of treatment period; (2) However, diclofenac, acetaminophen, nimesulide and acetylsalicylic acid did not affect mucin release, during 30 min of treatment period. Basically, this finding suggests that non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might not function as a mucoregulator in various inflammatory respiratory diseases showing mucus hypersecretion, although further studies are needed.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.459-465
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• 2018

Most commercially available detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) require further processing to qualify for use in biomedical applications, as they often contain many impurities and exhibit poor dispersibility in aqueous media. In this work, DNDs are modified to improve purity and impart a high colloidal stability to the particles. The dispersive and adsorption properties of modified DNDs are evaluated in terms of the suitability of DNDs as carriers for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in transdermal delivery. The study of adsorption on strongly positively and strongly negatively charged DNDs showed their high loading capacity for NSAIDs, and a pronounced relationship between the drugs and the particles' charges. Experiments on long-term desorption carried out with DND/NSAID complexes indicate that the nanoparticles exert a sustained effect on the drug release process.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5589-5594
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• 2015

Cystitis and proctitis are defined as inflammation of bladder and rectum respectively. Haemorrhagic cystitis is the most severe clinical manifestation of radiation and chemical cystitis. Radiation proctitis and cystitis are major complications following radiotherapy. Prevention of radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis has been investigated using various oral agents with minimal benefit. Bladder irrigation remains the most frequently adopted modality followed by intra-vesical instillation of alum or formalin. In intractable cases, surgical intervention is required in the form of diversion ureterostomy or cystectomy. Proctitis is more common in even low dose ranges but is self-limiting and improves on treatment interruption. However, treatment of radiation proctitis is broadly non-invasive or invasive. Non-invasive treatment consists of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-oxidants, sucralfate, short chain fatty acids and hyperbaric oxygen. Invasive treatment consists of ablative procedures like formalin application, endoscopic YAG laser coagulation or argon plasma coagulation and surgery as a last resort.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2016

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and severe drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome characterized by hematological abnormalities and multiorgan involvement. Liver involvement is the most common visceral manifestation. However, renal failure has been rarely described. The common culprit drugs are anticonvulsants and allopurinol. We experienced a patient with DRESS syndrome with acute interstitial nephritis caused by concomitant administration of quinolone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A 41-year-old man presented with a diffuse erythematous rash and fever which developed after administration of quinolone and NSAIDs for a month due to prostatitis. He was diagnosed with DRESS syndrome. Skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and elevations of liver enzymes improved with conservative treatment and discontinuation of the causative drugs. However, deterioration of his renal function occurred on day 8 of admission. The levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased and oliguria, proteinuria and urinary eosinophils were observed. Ultrasonography showed diffuse renal enlargement. The clinical features were compatible with acute interstitial nephritis. Despite intravenous rehydration and diuretics, renal function did not improve. After hemodialysis, his renal function recovered completely within 2 weeks without administration of systemic corticosteroid.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.685-691
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• 2013

Ibuprofen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs, is a highly crystalline substance with the pharmaceutical properties of poor solubility and low bioavailability. The size reduction of ibuprofen is needed to improve the solubility. The objective of this study is to optimize the grinding condition of ibuprofen. Grinding of ibuprofen was carried out using a planetary mill. Grinding parameters were optimized using Box-Behnken experimental design method. The physical characteristics of ground ibuprofen were investigated for the particle size by particle size analyzer, for the crystal size by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and for the tensile strength by tensile/compression tester. The optimum conditions for the milling of ibuprofen were 290 rpm of the revolution number of mill, 24.6 g of the weight of sample, and 10 minutes of grinding time. The measured value of the particle size of ground ibuprofen at these optimum conditions was $13.5{\mu}m$. The results showed that the crystal size of ibuprofen was reduced by the planetary milling process. In case the relative density of the tablets formulated of ground ibuprofen was range of 0.85~0.90, the tensile strength of them was range of 1$2{\sim}14Kg_f/cm^2$.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.344-364
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• 2013

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions that predominantly involve skin and mucous membranes. Despite the low incidence, both are considered medical emergencies as the mortality rate has been estimated at 30-50%. Although as many as half of cases are idiopathic, several drugs have been implicated as main cause of SJS/TEN. This review therefore aimed to identify drugs that were potentially associated with SJS/TEN and compare the relative risk of the medications. Method: A comprehensive search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and 5 Korean databases. We defined study drugs as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, antiepileptics, and allopurinol. Only epidemiologic studies investigating associations between the above drugs and drug-induced SJS/TEN were included. Two reviewers independently selected and evaluated candidate papers and extracted odds ratios or incidence rates. Meta-analysis was performed only for drugs that were reported from 4 or more studies. Results: We found 8 case-control studies, 3 cohort studies and 1 RCT. The ranges of adjusted ORs were 0.6-34.0 for NSAIDs, 1.6-302.0 for antiepileptics, 0.3-10.0 for antibiotics and 1.0-187.0 for allopurinol. The drug with the highest incidence of SJS/TEN was carbamazepine (40 persons/1,000 DDD). Conclusion: Finally, the risk was highest in first 8 weeks after onset of treatment in all drugs.