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A Systematic Review on the Causative Medicines for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome  

Kwon, Kyoung-Eun (Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management)
Jung, Sun-Young (Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management)
Jung, Hyun-Joo (Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management)
Kim, Bong Gi (Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management)
Park, Byung-Joo (Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy / v.23, no.4, 2013 , pp. 344-364 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions that predominantly involve skin and mucous membranes. Despite the low incidence, both are considered medical emergencies as the mortality rate has been estimated at 30-50%. Although as many as half of cases are idiopathic, several drugs have been implicated as main cause of SJS/TEN. This review therefore aimed to identify drugs that were potentially associated with SJS/TEN and compare the relative risk of the medications. Method: A comprehensive search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and 5 Korean databases. We defined study drugs as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, antiepileptics, and allopurinol. Only epidemiologic studies investigating associations between the above drugs and drug-induced SJS/TEN were included. Two reviewers independently selected and evaluated candidate papers and extracted odds ratios or incidence rates. Meta-analysis was performed only for drugs that were reported from 4 or more studies. Results: We found 8 case-control studies, 3 cohort studies and 1 RCT. The ranges of adjusted ORs were 0.6-34.0 for NSAIDs, 1.6-302.0 for antiepileptics, 0.3-10.0 for antibiotics and 1.0-187.0 for allopurinol. The drug with the highest incidence of SJS/TEN was carbamazepine (40 persons/1,000 DDD). Conclusion: Finally, the risk was highest in first 8 weeks after onset of treatment in all drugs.
Keywords
Adverse drug reaction; Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS); Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN); Systematic review;
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