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http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.14.5589

Radiation Induced Cystitis and Proctitis - Prediction, Assessment and Management  

Mallick, Supriya (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)
Madan, Renu (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)
Julka, Pramod K (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)
Rath, Goura K (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.16, no.14, 2015 , pp. 5589-5594 More about this Journal
Abstract
Cystitis and proctitis are defined as inflammation of bladder and rectum respectively. Haemorrhagic cystitis is the most severe clinical manifestation of radiation and chemical cystitis. Radiation proctitis and cystitis are major complications following radiotherapy. Prevention of radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis has been investigated using various oral agents with minimal benefit. Bladder irrigation remains the most frequently adopted modality followed by intra-vesical instillation of alum or formalin. In intractable cases, surgical intervention is required in the form of diversion ureterostomy or cystectomy. Proctitis is more common in even low dose ranges but is self-limiting and improves on treatment interruption. However, treatment of radiation proctitis is broadly non-invasive or invasive. Non-invasive treatment consists of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-oxidants, sucralfate, short chain fatty acids and hyperbaric oxygen. Invasive treatment consists of ablative procedures like formalin application, endoscopic YAG laser coagulation or argon plasma coagulation and surgery as a last resort.
Keywords
Cystitis; proctitis; radiation-induced; assessment; management;
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