• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1705-1723
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• 2008

Let n be a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra which has an inner product <, > and has an orthogonal decomposition $n\;=z\;{\oplus}v$ for its center z and the orthogonal complement v of z. Then Each element z of z defines a skew symmetric linear map $J_z\;:\;v\;{\longrightarrow}\;v$ given by <$J_zx$, y> = for all x, $y\;{\in}\;v$. In this paper we characterize Jacobi fields and calculate all conjugate points of a simply connected 2-step nilpotent Lie group N with its Lie algebra n satisfying $J^2_z$ = A for all $z\;{\in}\;z$, where S is a positive definite symmetric operator on z and A is a negative definite symmetric operator on v.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.495-502
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• 2008

We show that free products of finitely generated and residually p-finite nilpotent groups, amalgamating p-closed central subgroups are residually p-finite. As a consequence, we are able to show that generalized free products of residually p-finite abelian groups are residually p-finite if the amalgamated subgroup is closed in the pro-p topology on each of the factors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2010

In this paper, we prove a criterion of conjugacy separability of generalized free products of polycyclic-by-finite groups with a non cyclic amalgamated subgroup. Applying this criterion, we prove that certain generalized free products of polycyclic-by-finite groups are conjugacy separable.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.653-666
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• 2020

In this paper, when G is a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group of dimension less than or equal to four, we study the uniform lattices Γ of G up to isomorphism and then we study the structure of the automorphism group Aut(Γ) of Γ from the viewpoint of splitting as a natural extension.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.778-783
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• 1998

A pointed-group is an ordered pair (G,c) where G is a group and c is a specific element of G. Thus a pointed-group is a group together with a distinguish element. The aim of this paper is to generalize the result proved by R.C. Lyndon in [4], that every nilpotent group variety is finitely based for its laws.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

Let G be a finite group and let ν(G) be the probability that two randomly selected elements of G produce a nilpotent group. In this article we show that for every positive integer n > 0, there is a finite group G such that ${\nu}(G)={\frac{1}{n}}$. We also classify all groups G with ${\nu}(G)={\frac{1}{2}}$. Further, we prove that if G is a solvable nonnilpotent group of even order, then ${\nu}(G){\leq}{\frac{p+3}{4p}}$, where p is the smallest odd prime divisor of |G|, and that equality exists if and only if $\frac{G}{Z_{\infty}(G)}$ is isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 2p where Z_∞(G) is the hypercenter of G. Finally we find an upper bound for ν(G) in terms of |G| where G ranges over all groups of odd square-free order.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.867-873
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• 2024

A pseudo-Riemannian solvmanifold is a solvable Lie group endowed with a left invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric. In this short note, we investigate the nilpotency of the Ricci operator of pseudo-Riemannian solvmanifolds. We focus on a special class of solvable Lie groups whose Lie algebras can be expressed as a one-dimensional extension of a nilpotent Lie algebra ℝD⋉n, where D is a derivation of n whose restriction to the center of n has at least one real eigenvalue. The main result asserts that every solvable Lie group belonging to this special class admits a left invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric with nilpotent Ricci operator. As an application, we obtain a complete classification of three-dimensional solvable Lie groups which admit a left invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric with nilpotent Ricci operator.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.225-239
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• 2003

(G, <) is an ordered group if'<'is a total order relation on G in which f < g implies that xfy < xgy for all f, g, x, y $\in$ G. We say that (G, <) is centrally ordered if (G, <) is ordered and ［G,D］ $\subseteq$ C for every convex jump C $\prec$ D in G. Equivalently, if $f^{-1}g f{\leq} g^2$ for all f, g $\in$ G with g > 1. Every order on a torsion-free locally nilpotent group is central. We prove that if every order on every two-generator subgroup of a locally soluble orderable group G is central, then G is locally nilpotent. We also provide an example of a non-nilpotent two-generator metabelian orderable group in which all orders are central.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.461-466
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• 2016

In general, polygonal products of free groups are not residually finite. Using the residual finiteness of polygonal products of nilpotent groups, we show that certain polygonal products of free groups are residually finite.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1986