• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.553-566
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• 2023

A circular tank foundation resting on the ground and subjected to axisymmetric horizontal and vertical loads and moments is analyzed using the variational principles of mechanics. The circular foundation is assumed to behave as a Kirchhoff plate with in-plane and transverse displacements. The soil beneath the foundation is assumed to be a multi-layered continuum in which the horizontal and vertical displacements are expressed as products of separable functions. The differential equations of plate and soil displacements are obtained by minimizing the total potential energy of the plate-soil system and are solved using the finite element and finite difference methods following an iterative algorithm. Comparisons with the results of equivalent two-dimensional finite element analysis and other researchers establish the accuracy of the method.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 1998

A method based on finite element discretization is developed for optimizing the polarization profile of PVDF film to create the modal transducer for specific modes. Using this concept, one can design the modal transducer in two-dimensional structure having arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions. As a practical means for implementing this polarization profile without repoling the PVDF film the polarization profile is approximated by optimizing electrode patterns, lamination angles, and poling directions of the multi-layered PVDF transducer. This corresponds to the approximation of a continuous function using discrete values. The electrode pattern of each PVDF layer is optimized by deciding the electrode of each finite element to be used or not. Genetic algorithm, suitable for discrete problems, is used as an optimization scheme. For the optimization of each layers lamination angle, the continuous lamination angle is encoded into discrete value using binary 5 bit string. For the experimental demonstration, a modal sensor for first and second modes of cantilevered composite plate is designed using two layers of PVDF films. The actuator is designed based on the criterion of minimizing the system energy in the control modes under a given initial condition. Experimental results show that the signals from residual modes are successfully reduced using the optimized multi-layered PVDF sensor. Using discrete LQG control law, the modal peaks of first and second modes are reduced in the amount of 12 dB and 4 dB, resepctively.

• 지구물리
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

When surveying the cultural heritages especially in the case of stone structures, preserving their originalstate is of primary importance. For the effective assessment of survey results of stone structure, thedynamic characteristics of that system should be considered. Dynamic characteristics of stone masonry structures depend on several factors such as coefficients of friction, contact conditions, and number of layers of bonding stones. These factors can be estimated by using the dynamic analysis results. This paper describes a method for natural frequency determination of traditional stone arch bridge subjected to compressive force. For this purpose, multi-layered granite brick models of for arch bridge were made and fundamental frequencies corresponding increasing axial forces were measured.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1720-1730
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• 1995

Finite-difference analysis was conducted to study the natural convection of a stably stratified salt-water solution in an annulus due to lateral heating. The main purpose of this study is to examine in detail the multi-layered flow structure. Calculation was thus made for R $a_{\eta}$=2*10$^{5}$ and 6.5*10$^{5}$ . Formation of layered flow structure, merging process of layers, the corresponding temperature and concentration distributions, Nusselt number variations with time are examined. Numerical results show that in each layer, the temperature profile looks 'S`-shaped and the concentration profile is uniform due to the convective mixing. The formation of the roll and the layer is governed by natural convection due to the temperature gradient and the merging process of the layer by diffusion of the concentration.ation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.2415-2420
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• 2002

In the present study, a new anchor design was proposed to minimize the initial deflection of micro multi-layer cantilever beam with step-up structure, which is a key component of thin film micro-mirror array. It is important to minimize the initial deflection, caused by residual stress, because it reduces the performance of the actuation. Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted to examine the cause of the initial bending deflection. It was found that the bending deflection at the anchor of the cantilever beam was the primary source of initial deflection. Various anchor designs were proposed and the initial deflections for each design were calculated by finite element analysis. The analysis results were compared with experiments. To reduce the initial deflection a secondary support was added to the conventional structure. The optimal shapes were obtained by simulation and experiment. It was found from the analysis that the ratio or horizontal and vertical dimensions of secondary support was the governing factor, which affected the initial deflection.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.985-995
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 $\pm$20$^{\circ}$의 구형 빔 패턴 형성을 위한 삼차원 다층 원형 도체 배열 구조의 최적화 설계 변수들에 대하여 연구하였다. 원형 도파관 여기에 의한 다층 원형 도체 배열 구조의 각 방사 소자는 입력 원형 도파관, 임피이던스 정합용 원형 도파관, 방사 원형 도파관 그리고 그 위에 적층된 유한개의 원형 도체 배열층들로 구성되며, 각 방사 소자들은 원추형 빔 스캐닝에 적합한 정육각형 격자 배열 구조를 이룬다. 본 논문에서는 다층 원형 도체 배열 구조에 대한 해석 알고리듬을 제시하고, 이것을 프로그램 코드화하여 최적화 설계 변수 추출을 위한 다양한 설계 변수 변화에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 또한, 다층 원형 도체 배열 구조의 구형 빔 패턴 및 반사 계수에 대한 대역폭 특성을 살펴 보았으며, 그 결과 다층 원형 도체 배열 구조는 최소한 5.6 %의 주파수 대역폭내에서 $\pm$20$^{\circ}$의 양호한 구형 빔 패턴을 형성함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2012

A layered planer SOFC module was designed from planar-type SOFC. It was prepared by multi-layered ceramic technology. To form the cathode and the anode in the layered structure, reliable channels should be made on the both side of electrolyte perpendicularly. However, monolithic SOFC using multi-layered ceramic technology hasn't been studied another group, and the warpage of electrolyte in the channel, also, hasn't been studied, when electrode is printed on the electrolyte. In this study, the channels are prepared with electrode printing, and their warpage are evaluated. In the case of YSZ without electrode, the warpages are nothing in the limit of measurement using optical microscope. The warpage of 'YSZ-NiO printed' increases than that of 'NiO printed', and also, the case of 'double electrode printed' is similar to 'YSZ-NiO printed'. It is thought that, in the printed electrolyte, the warpage is related to the difference of the sintering behavior of each material.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2011

The multi-layered thin film with an ITO/Ag/ITO structure was produced on PET by using magnetron reactive sputtering method. First, 30 nm of ITO thin film was coated on PET by using normal temperature process. Then 20-52 nm of the Ag thin film was coated. Lastly, 30 nm of ITO thin film was coated on Ag layer. The sample of the 20 nm Ag thin film showed more than 70% transmission and a $2.7{\Omega}/{\Box}$ sheet resistance. When compared to the existing single-layered transparent conducting thin film, multi-layered film was found to be superior with about $5{\Omega}/{\Box}$ less sheet resistance. However, since the Ag layer became thinner, the band gap energy needs to be increased to more than 3.5 eV.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1994

A theoretical formulation is performed to investigate the wave reflection and transmission ratios by a submerged multi-layered rubble-mound breakwater. This theory, which is based on the linear boundary integral method, can be extended to the multi-layered breakwater with arbitrary cross section. In the theoretical analysis evanescent mode wave is not considered, since fictitious open boundaries are put on the places far from the structure. Therefore the mathematical presentation may be simpler, and computational time shorter. The validity of obtained numerical results is demonstrated by comparing with ones of impermeable and permeable breakwaters. Comparison shows resonable agreement. On the basis of these verifications this theory is applied to the one and two-layered submerged rubble-mound breakwater with trapezoidal type.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 리프팅 웨이브렛 변환을 이용한 디지털 영상의 워터마크 기술을 제안하였다. 이 워터마크 기술은 쉽게 비디오와 관련된 콘텐트에 대한 워터마크 기술로 확장 될 수 있다. 그래서 깊이 정보를 포함하는 다시점 영상을 효과적으로 압축할 수 있는 계층적 깊이 영상 구조라는 새로운 콘텐트에 제안 기술을 적용하였다. 이 방법은 기준 시점 영상에만 워터마크를 삽입하므로 그 과정이 간단하다는 장점을 가진다. 그리고 계층적 깊이 영상 구조의 특성상 나머지 시점 영상으로 워터마크가 전파되므로 모든 시점 영상에 대하여 저작권을 보호할 수 있다는 장점도 가지고 있다.