• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2004

Two galloyl monosaccharides, 1,2,6-trigalloylglucose (1, TRgG) and 1,2,3,6- tetragalloylglucose (2, TEgG), were isolated from the stem-bark of Juglans mandshurica. Two galloylglucoses showed cytotoxic effects on human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. In order to elucidate their mechanism of action, we have investigated the flow cytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, caspase-3 activity, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells treated with both compounds 1 and 2 at 150 and $100\;{\mu}M$, respectively, led to a morphological features of apoptosis, such as plasma membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage. TRgG (1) and TEgG (2) increased the percentage of $FITC^+\;and\;FITC^+PI^+$ cells in flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. The increase of apoptotic cells was preceded by the activation of caspase-3 reported to play a central role in apoptotic process and inducing internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. TEgG (2) showed to have stronger apoptosis inducing activity in HL-60 cell lines as compared with TRgG (1).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1988

해수로부터 분리 확인한 비브리오균에서 생산하는 단백 다당체의 항종양 활성에 대하여 조사하였다. 비브리오균을 0.5%-peptone와 0.5% yeast extract가 함유된 해수를 기질로 배양하여 단백 다당체를 얻었다. 단백다당체의 단당류의 함량은 xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose 및 fructose의 순서이고, 주요 아미노산 glutamic acid, serine 및 aspartic acid였다. 단백 다당체의 항종양 활성을 Sarcoma-180에 대하여 0.5mg/kg/day 및 5mg/kg/day을 쥐에 주사했던 바 20.9% 및 43.9%의 억제 효과가 있었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2006

Various microorganisms were isolated from the surface waters and sediments of eutrophic lakes and reservoirs in Korea to enable an investigation of bacteria having algal lytic activities against Anabaena flos-aquae when water blooming occurs and to study enzyme profiles of algal lytic bacteria. Two bacterial strains, AFK-07 and AFK-13, were cultured, characterized and identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii and Sinorhizobium sp., respectively. The A. johnsonii AFK-07 exhibited a high level of degradatory activities against A. flos-aquae, and produced alginase, caseinase, lipase, fucodian hydrolase, and laminarinase. Moreover, many kinds of glycosidase, such as ${\beta}-galactosidase,\;{\beta}-glucosidase,\;{\beta}-glucosaminidase,\;and\; {\beta}-xylosidase$, which hydrolyzed ${\beta}-O-glycosidic$ bonds, were found in cell-free extracts of A. johnsonii AFK-07. Other glycosidases such as ${\alpha}-galactosidase,\;{\alpha}-N-Ac-galactosidase,\;{\alpha}-mannosidase,\; and\;{\alpha}-L-fucosidase$, which cleave ${\alpha}-O-glycosidic$ bonds, were not identified in AFK-07. In the Sinorhizobium sp. AFK-13, the enzymes alginase, amylase, proteinase (caseinase and gelatinase), carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase), laminarinase, and lipase were notable. No glycosidase was produced in the AFK-13 strain. Therefore, the enzyme system of A. johnsonii AFK-07 had a more complex mechanism in place to degrade the cyanobacteria cell walls than did the enzyme system of Sinorhizobium sp. AFK-13. The polysaccharides or the peptidoglycans of A. flos-aquae may be hydrolyzed and metabolized to a range of easily utilized monosaccharides or other low molecular weight organic substances by strain AFK-07 of. A. johnsonii, while the products of polysaccharide degradation or peptidoglycans were more likely to be utilized by Sinorhizobium sp. AFK-13. These bacterial interactions may offer an alternative effective approach to controlling the water choking effects of summer blooms affecting our lakes and reservoirs.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2014

Both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) have attracted increasing attention since the first epidemiological report on the importance of n-3 essential fatty acids. Lipids in microbial cells play various biological roles and, consequently, much research has been carried out on their role in cell physiology. The lipid composition of microorganisms can exhibit considerable variations depending on environment. The effects of culture conditions, temperature (15, 20, 24, 28, 32 and $36^{\circ}C$), salinity (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 psu), pH (pH5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), rotation speeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 rpm), carbon sources, nitrogen sources and C/N ratio on the production of docosahexaenoic acid, fatty-acid profiles, and acids secreted to the broth culture by the oleaginous microorganism, Schizochytrium mangrovei (KCTC 11117BP), were studied. Temperature (initially $28^{\circ}C$), salinity (20 psu), pH (pH7), rotation speeds (100 rpm), organism fatty acids, and secreted acids in the broth were varied during cultivation of S. mangrovei. At pH 7.0, S. mangrovei was able to accumulate lipids up to 40% of its biomass, with 13% (w/w) DHA content. The monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and yeast extract were suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The primary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid produced was docosahexaenoic acid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 1991

The culture conditions and nutritional requirements for enhanced mycelial growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus P. tinctorius SMF were determined in flask scale experiments. Optimum culture conditions for growth of P. tinctorius SMF in a further modified Melin-Norkrans broth were as follows; temperature 25~$27^{\circ}C$, agitation 120 rpm, and pH 4.0. P. tinctorius SMF utilized various carbon sources including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. D-Glucose and mannitol were respectively the first and second most suitable carbon sources for mycelial growth. With D-Glucose as the principal carbon source, supplementation of modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) broth with Lysine (800 mg/l), Glutamic Acid (500 mg/l), or Proline (50 mg/l) enhanced mycelial yields 63%, 34%, and 22% respectively as compared to growth in medium lacking amino acids. ThiaminㆍHCl＋biotin＋pyridoxine supplementation also enhanced growth. As compared to mycelial growth in the MMN medium, growth of P. tinctorius SMF was enhanced 120% in MMN broth when the carbon/nitrogen ratio was 25/1 in citrate buffer at pH 4.5, and growth was 50% greater in MMN broth of carbon/nitrogen ratio with a 10/1~20/1 without using the buffer. Standard conditions established for growth of P. tinctorius SMF in MMN broth were 25~$27^{\circ}C$, agitation 120 rpm, buffered to pH 4.0 with citrate, in MMN medium containing 10 g/l D-glucose supplemented with 800 mg/l lysine. In this medium the carbon/nitrogen ratio was 20/1~25/1, and the maximal mycelial yield ($Y_{x/s}$ ) was 0.472 (4.72 mg/ml) after 7 days of incubation, as compared to 0.214 (2.14 mg/ml), when the fungus was grown in standard MMN broth.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제12권
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• pp.53-56
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• 1969

Bacillus subtilis var. M-181 생산(生産)한 amylase의 내열성(耐熱性)에 미치는 alcohol류(類)와 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Alcohol류(類)에서는 glycerin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol 등(等)의 순(順)으로 내열성증가(耐熱性增加)의 효과(?果)가 있었으며 고급일가(高級一價) alcohol 과 dipropylene glycol 은 역효과(逆?果)를 나타냈다 2. Inositol은 당(糖) alcohol 보다 효과(?果)가 컸으며 당(糖) alcohol 중(中)에서는 mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitol의 순(順)으로 내열효과(耐熱效果)가 있었다. 3. 단당류(單糖類)에서는 mannose, galactose, xylose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, fructose 등(等)의 순(順)으로 내열효과(耐熱效果)가 있었다. 4. 소당류(小糖類)에서는 melibiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose등(等)의 순(順)으로 내열효과(耐熱效果)가 있었다. 5. 다당류(多糖類)에서는 glycogen, soluble starch dextrin 등(等)의 순(順)으로 내열효과(耐熱效果)가 있었으며 inulin의 내열성(耐熱性) 증가효과(增加效果)가 인정(認定)할수 없었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.162-174
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• 1988

구름버섯 배양균사체와 야생 구름버섯 자실체로부터 얻은 protein-bound polysaccharide의 당과 단백질 함량을 비교하였을 때 배양균사체인 경우보다 야생 자실체의 경우가 당 함량이 더 높게 나타났으며 단백질 함량은 더 적게 나타났다. 구름버섯에서 부터 얻은 시료를 methanolysis시킨 후 HPLC로 분석하였을 때 배양균사체인 경우 4종류의 단당이 경출되었고 그중 mannose가 가장 함량이 많은 반면 야생 자실체인 경우 3종류의 단당이 경출되었으며 그중 glucose가 가장 많이 존재하였다. 구름버섯에서부터 얻은 시료에 lactose가 혼합되었을 경우 HPLC로 구별할 수 있었다. 구름버섯에서 얻은 시료의 구성 아미노산을 분석하였을 때 시료 모두에서동일한 17종의 아미노산이 검출되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.526-534
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• 2019

Chlorella gloriosa (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) was isolated from seawater off the coast of the Dokdo Islands in Korea. An axenic culture was established using the streak-plate method on f/2 agar media supplemented with antibiotics, allowing identification of the isolate by morphological, molecular, and physiological analyses. The morphological characteristics observed by light and electron microscopy revealed typical morphologies of C. gloriosa species. The molecular phylogenetic inference drawn from the small-subunit 18S rRNA sequence verified that the microalgal strain belongs to C. gloriosa. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the isolate was rich in nutritionally important omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the high-value antioxidants lutein and violaxanthin were biosynthesized as accessory pigments by this microalga, with arabinose, galactose, and glucose as the major monosaccharides. Therefore, in this study, a Korean marine C. gloriosa species was discovered, characterized, and described, and subsequently added to the national culture collection.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 1991

Cheddar치즈의 숙성기간을 단축시키고 flavor를 증진시킬 목적으로 단백분해력이 있는 Micrococcus sp. LL3를 Cheddar 치즈에 첨가하기 위하여 본 균의 최적배양을 위한 배지조성을 검토하였다. 탄소원으로는 glucose, mannose, fructose 등의 단당류가 양호하였으며, arabinose, xylose는 균의 성장을 심하게 저해하였다. 본 균주에서는 탄소원의 첨가에 의한 catabolite repression은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 질소원으로는 yeast extract 0.2%의 첨가가 균의 성장에 좋았으며, 무기 질소원 첨가시는 균의 성장이 감소하였다. 특히 urea를 첨가시 균의 성장에 심한 저해효과가 있었다. 본 균주는 NaCl 9%첨가시 까지도 균의 생육이 가능했으며, 특히 1%첨가시에는 균체생육 및 단백분해 효과가 다소 증가하였다. 무기염의 경우 $MgSO_4\;0.05%$, 아미노산은 glutamic acid 0.2%첨가시 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 비타민은 $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ 수준으로 첨가시에 균의 성장 및 단백분해 효과에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.743-747
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• 1990

감과실의 성숙중 알콜 불용성 물질의 glucose, arabinose 및 총 비섬유성 중성당의 함량은 증가하였으나, 연시에서는 감소하였다. 세포벽을 구성하는 주요 비섬유성 중성당은 galactose, arabinose, glucose이었고, arabinose와 galactose는 성숙과 연화중에 감소하였다. Pectin질은 uronic acid가 $70{\sim}82%$ 정도 차지하였으며 uronic acid, galactose, arabinose는 성숙과 추숙중에 감소하였다. Hemicellulose의 주요 중성당은 glucose, xylose, galactose이었고, 성숙과 추숙 중 특히 galactose가 감소하였으며 연시에서는 대부분의 구성당이 감소하였다.