• Title/Summary/Keyword: middle atmosphere

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Exploration of Features of Korean Eighth Grade Students' Achievement and Curriculum Matching in TIMSS 2015 Earth Science (TIMSS 2015 중학교 2학년 지구과학 영역에 대한 우리나라 학생들의 성취 특성 및 교육과정 연계성 탐색)

  • Kwak, Youngsun
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2017
  • The result of TIMSS 2015 was announced at the end of 2016. In this research, we conducted test-curriculum matching analysis for 8th grade earth science and analyzed Korean students' percentage of correct answers and responses for TIMSS earth science test items. According to the results, Korean students showed high percentage of correct answers when the item topics are covered in the 2009 revised science curriculum, and Korean students revealed their weakness in constructed response items since the percentage for correct answers on constructed response items is half that of multiple choice items. Depending on the earth science topic, for 'solid earth' area, which includes earth's structure and physical features, as well as earth's processes and history, students showed high percentage of correct answers for multiple choice items. Students, however, showed low percentage of correct answers for items that require applying knowledge to everyday situations and connecting with other areas of science such as biology. For 'atmosphere and ocean' areas, which include earth's processes and cycles, students showed low percentage of scores for climate comparison between regions, features of global warming, etc. For the area of 'universe', students showed high percentage of scores for the earth's rotation and revolution, the moon's gravity, and so on because they have learned these topics since primary school. Discussed in the conclusion are ways to secure content connection between the primary and middle school earth science curriculums, ways to develop students' science-inquiry related competencies, and so on to improve middle school earth science curriculum as well as teaching and learning.

Evaluation of Foodservice Hygiene in Middle School Students by Meal Service Area in Busan (배식장소에 따른 부산지역 일부 중학생의 급식위생 평가)

  • Kim, Yeo Kyeong;Choi, Hee Sun;Lyu, Eun Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.145-151
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate foodservice hygiene in middle school students by analyzing the importance and performance of school foodservice by meal service area in Busan. Questionnaires were administered to 826 students in 10 middle schools (five schools for classroom service, five schools for dining room service). The average importance and performance scores were 4.11/5.00 and 3.38/5.00 for classroom service and 4.34/5.00 and 3.89/5.00 for dining room service. Dining room service had significantly (P<0.001) higher average scores importance and performance of food hygiene, environment hygiene, equipment hygiene, and employee hygiene than those of classroom service. The gap average score of dining room service was significantly (P<0.001) lower than those of classroom service. In the importance-performance analysis, 'cleanliness of tray' showed high importance and low performance for classroom service and dining room service. Areas of low importance and low performance were 'tray drying', 'cleanliness of employee' clothes', 'wearing sanitary gown, cap', 'wearing sanitary mask', and 'wearing sanitary gloves' for the classroom service, whereas 'tray drying', 'comfortable atmosphere in diningroom', 'well ventilated', 'no odor of the food in classroom', and 'cleanliness around rubbish bins' were relevant for dining room service. These findings suggest that employee hygiene management should be intensively managed for classroom service, and equipment hygiene management must be improved for classroom service and dining room service, especially cleanliness of tray. Meal service places should be changed to the dining room with support the government and private sector.

Relationships of Changing Social Atmosphere, Lifestyle and Bone Mineral Density in College Students (대학생의 골밀도와 사회분위기 및 생활습관과의 관계)

  • Lee, In-Ja;Ko, Yo-Han;Kim, Chung-Kyung;Kim, Hee-Sol;Park, Da-Jeong;Yoon, Hyeo-Min;Jeong, Yu-Jin
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 2013
  • The decrease of bone mineral density gives rise to the outbreak of osteopenia and makes the possibility of a bone fracture. It makes health problems in society. It's very important to prevent osteopenia in advance. Also it's critical to prevent and take care of it in adolescent because it's the most developing period comparing to middle ages because that bone mineral density decreases. There are genetic, physical and enviromental factors that affect bone mineral density. Recently, a lifestyle and eating habits are also changing as the society atmosphere is gradually doing. This study have shown that 134 women and 75 men was chosen and responded to the survey of measuring bone mineral density and investigating a lifestyle. The measure of bone mineral density is to use Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) and check femoral neck and lumbar spine. Also questionaries was required to pre-made survey about their lifestyles. Analysis of data was done with SPSS program. Multiple regression analysis was used for the relation of bone mineral density, the heigths and BMI. The sample of Groups are checked for drinking, smoking or excercising about differences by t-test. The results of the experiments were; first, there is statistically significant differences in the comparisons between BMD and BMD. But there isn't any special correlation between drinking, smoking and BMD. Secondly, bone mineral density becomes low related to an intake of caffeine. Particularly, this is statically significant on women. Also there is statically significant correlation between femoral neck and quantity of motion for both men and women. Third, there is significant relation between eating habits and bone mineral density on women's lumbar spine. However, there is no significant relation between men's lumbar spine and women's one. Therefore, to prevent osteopenia, it's good to abstain from intaking caffeine within an hour after a meal. In addition, it's helpful to walk or run regularly and have a balanced meal.

Temporal and Spatial Variability of the Middle and Lower Tropospheric Temperatures from MSU and ECMWF (MSU와 ECMWF에서 유도된 중간 및 하부 대류권 온도의 시 ${\cdot}$ 공간 변동)

  • Yoo, Jung-Moon;Lee, Eun-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.503-524
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    • 2000
  • Intercomparisons between four kinds of data have been done to estimate the accuracy of satellite observations and model reanalysis for middle and lower tropospheric thermal state over regional oceans. The data include the Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) Channel 2 (Ch2) brightness temperatures of NOAA satellites and the vertically weighted corresponding temperature of ECMWF GCM (1980-93). The satellite data for midtropospheric temperatures are MSU2 (1980-98) in nadir direction and SC2 (1980-97) in multiple scans, and for lower tropospheric temperature SC2R (1980-97). MSU2 was derived in this study while SC2 and SC2R were described in Spencer and Christy (1992a, 1992b). Temporal correlations between the above data were high (r${\ge}$0.90) in the middle and high latitudes, but low(r${\sim}$0.65) over the low latitude and more convective regions. Their values with SC2R which included the noises due to hydrometeors and surface emission were conspicuously low. The reanalysis shows higher correlation with SC2 than with MSU2 partially because of the hydrometeors screening. SC2R in monthly climatological anomalies was more sensitive to surface thermal condition in northern hemisphere than MSU2 or SC2. The first EOF mode for the monthly mean data of MSU and ECMWF shows annual cycle over most regions except the tropics. The mode in MSU2 over the Pacific suggests the east-west dipole due to the Walker circulation, but this tendency is not clear in other data. In the first and second modes for the Ch2 anomalies over most regions, the MSU and ECMWF data commonly indicate interannual variability due to El Ni${\tilde{n}$o and La Ni${\tilde{n}$a. The substantial disagreement between observations and model reanalysis occurs over the equatorial upwelling region of the western Pacific, suggesting uncertainties in the model parameterization of atmosphere-ocean interaction.

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Fernand Khnopff's Belgian Symbolism and Nationalism in I Lock My Door upon Myself (페르낭 크노프(Fernand Khnopff)의 작품에 나타난 벨기에 상징주의와 내셔널리즘)

  • Chung, Y.-Shim
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.9
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    • pp.171-193
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    • 2010
  • This paper examines Fernand Khnopff's Symbolism, focusing on the I Lock My Door upon Myself as a manifesto of his artistic credo in style and theme. Its title was originally in English, originating from the poem "Who Shall Deliver Me?" by Dante Gabriel Rossetti's sister Christina Rossetti. I use the term "Social Symbolism" which combines a nationalist perspective with traditional French Symbolism, in order to explain how the image of Bruges is represented in his oeuvre. Symbolism calls for psychological introspection evoking death, love, silence, and solitude and recluse from realty in pursuit of the Unknown and the Ideal. Although Khnopff shared this idea, he departed from symbolist tradition by incorporating a political milieu in his paintings. First, I discuss Khnopff's early stage in the formation of his artistic concept, including his family background as well as his early opportunity to visit the Exposition Universelle in Paris where he formed his early interests in aesthetics, philosophy, literature, mythology and Egyptian art. His early works, La Painture, la Musique, la Poesie(1880-1881), Le Crise(1881), and En ecoutant Schuman(1883) reveal his favorite subjects which were quite prevalent in the symbolist traditions of both Belgium and France. By looking at Khnopff's paintings, I endeavor to situate his Symbolism in the context of the development of Belgian modernity and cultural nationalism. Second, my analysis of Khnopff creates a new overview of Symbolism in Europe, especially in Belgium. In the absence of socio-political integration, the Symbolist painter adds nostalgic meaning to the landscape of Bruges. The scene of Bruges illuminates the social atmosphere in Belgium at that time. Since Belgium became an independent country, it tried to differentiate its own cultural and national identity from France. There was a powerful social movement for Belgium to claim its own identity, language, and culture. Bruges was, for Symbolists, the epitome of Belgium's past glory. This encouraged the formation of Belgian nationalism centering on Brussels, as I demonstrate in Khnopff's Bruges-la-Morte(1892). The relationship between Symbolist artist and writers is crucial for understanding this development. Khnopff, for instance, illustrated or provided frontispieces for many Symbolist writers such as Rodenbach, Peladan, Spencer and Le Roy. Khnopff did not objectify the exact meaning, but rather provided his own subjective interpretation. In this respect, I Lock My Door, inspired by Rossetti, started from the same motif, but Khnopff seeked escape into silence and death while Rossetti searched for Christian salvation. Finally my paper deals with the social context in which Khnopff worked. He was a founding member of Les XX in 1883 and later La Libre Esthethetique he also participated in the exhibition of le Salon de la Rose + Croix. Les XX was not a particular school of art and did not have a uniform manifesto, but its exhibitions focused on decorative arts by encompassing art for all people via common, everyday objects. The Periodical, L'art moderne was founded to support this ideal by Edmond Picard and Maux. Les XX declared art as independent art, detached from all official connections. Khnopff designed the 1890 catalogue cover of Les XX and the 1891 cover. These designs show decorative element of Art Nouveau in an early example of "modern poster." Les XX pursued all art including graphic arts, prints, placard, posters and book illustrations and design. These forms of art were l'art social and this movement was formed by the social atmosphere in Belgium in terms of social reforms and strikes by working class. Khnopff designed the book cover for la Maison du Peuple. The artist, however, did not share the ideal egalitarianism of the working class to a certain degree, while he was working in his villa he designed under the ideal motto, "on n'a pas que," he expressed the nihilistic emotions toward society by the theme of interiority such as solitude, silence, narcissism, introspection, and introversion. In the middle of his Symbolism, we find the "cultural nostalgia" or longing that the artist develops in the I Lock My Door upon Myself. Khnopff's longing toward the lost city of "Bruges" form the crux of his "Social Symbolism."

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Exploring How to Develop Teaching & Learning Materials to Create New Problems for Invention ('문제 만들기' 활동을 통한 발명 교수·학습자료 개발 방향 탐색)

  • Kang, Kyoung-Kyoon;Lee, Gun-hwan;Park, Seong-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.9
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    • pp.290-301
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    • 2017
  • This research aimed to develop problem creating worksheets as a teaching & learning material for problem solving activities and assess its effectiveness. Activity worksheets for creative problem development were established. The effectiveness of the problem-creating classes taught to gifted students in invention was evaluated. In addition, effective strategies for encouraging problem creating and question making in teaching & learning processes were explored. The creative problem identification activity consisted of 5 steps, which are idea creation, convergence, execution, and evaluation. The results showed that elementary and middle school students taught in the classes using this problem-identification worksheet were highly satisfied with the program. This study concluded that it requires an educational environment, government level collaboration, and support to create a mature social atmosphere and educational environment motivating students to keep asking questions and identify problems. Through continual modification, additional ongoing efforts to increase the credibility and the quality of the worksheets as a creative problem solving and learning tool will be needed.

A Study on the Traditional Color Analysis of Chinese Historic Village - Focus on Cuandixia Village of Mentougou District in Beijing - (중국 민속(民俗)마을의 전통(傳統)색채 분석에 관한 연구 - 북경(北京)시 문두구(門頭溝)구 천저하마을(爨底下村)을 대상으로 -)

  • Ma, Yuan;Lim, Jin-Kang;Kim, Dong-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.112-128
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    • 2015
  • To consider an identity about traditional folk village, this study analyzes color characteristic of traditional folk village by targeting Cuandixia folk village in China. For method of study, color is analyzed by KSCA(Korea Standard Color Analysis) program and images of color are drawn by I.R.I. Based on these, four results are came out. First, color distribution of Cuandixia is appeared in YR, R, Y, GY order. Furthermore, there are no affiliation of BG, and B but a lot of affiliation of YR. Second, the whole is made up of color that is applied to mist gray/low chroma in the value and chroma stakes. Especially, high chroma is extracted by only commercial old house, the rest is made up of middle and low chroma color. Third, dark color is the most by KS Color System and dark reddish gray and medium gray are occupied most part. Fourth, the whole atmosphere of village is static and hard, and the image is researched as gentle. Through the research, It applies extracted color palette for plan and preservation of traditional folk village. As using the color that is reflected in national and local distinct characteristic, preserving the color reflected in history and culture of the village, and applying color planning considered harmony with surrounding environment, it is expected that it can help to direct the color involved traditional and cultural meaning.

Characteristics of Precipitation over the East Coast of Korea Based on the Special Observation during the Winter Season of 2012 (2012년 특별관측 자료를 이용한 동해안 겨울철 강수 특성 분석)

  • Jung, Sueng-Pil;Lim, Yun-Kyu;Kim, Ki-Hoon;Han, Sang-Ok;Kwon, Tae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.41-53
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    • 2014
  • The special observation using Radiosonde was performed to investigate precipitation events over the east coast of Korea during the winter season from 5 January to 29 February 2012. This analysis focused on the various indices to describe the characteristics of the atmospheric instability. Equivalent Potential Temperature (EPT) from surface (1000 hPa) to middle level (near 750 hPa) was increased when the precipitation occurred and these levels (1000~750 hPa) had moisture enough to cause the instability of atmosphere. The temporal evolution of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) appeared to be enhanced when the precipitation fell. Similar behavior was also observed for the temporal evolution of Storm Relative Helicity (SRH), indicating that it had a higher value during the precipitation events. To understand a detailed structure of atmospheric condition for the formation of precipitation, the surface remote sensing data and Automatic Weather System (AWS) data were analyzed. We calculated the Total Precipitable Water FLUX (TPWFLUX) using TPW and wind vector. TPWFLUX and precipitation amount showed a statistically significant relationship in the north easterly winds. The result suggested that understanding of the dynamical processes such as wind direction be important to comprehend precipitation phenomenon in the east coast of Korea.

MTSAT Satellite Image Features on the Sever Storm Events in Yeongdong Region (영동지역 악기상 사례에 대한 MTSAT 위성 영상의 특징)

  • Kim, In-Hye;Kwon, Tae-Yong;Kim, Deok-Rae
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.29-45
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    • 2012
  • An unusual autumn storm developed rapidly in the western part of the East sea on the early morning of 23 October 2006. This storm produced a record-breaking heavy rain and strong wind in the northern and middle part of the Yeong-dong region; 24-h rainfall of 304 mm over Gangneung and wind speed exceeding 63.7 m $s^{-1}$ over Sokcho. In this study, MTSAT-1R (Multi-fuctional Transport Satellite) water vapor and infrared channel imagery are examined to find out some features which are dynamically associated with the development of the storm. These features may be the precursor signals of the rapidly developing storm and can be employed for very short range forecast and nowcasting of severe storm. The satellite features are summarized: 1) MTSAT-1R Water Vapor imagery exhibited that distinct dark region develops over the Yellow sea at about 12 hours before the occurrence of maximum rainfall about 1100 KST on 23 October 2006. After then, it changes gradually into dry intrusion. This dark region in the water vapor image is closely related with the positive anomaly in 500 hPa Potential Vorticity field. 2) In the Infrared imagery, low stratus (brightness temperature: $0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$) develops from near Bo-Hai bay and Shanfung peninsula and then dissipates partially on the western coast of Korean peninsula. These features are found at 10~12 hours before the maximum rainfall occurrence, which are associated with the cold and warm advection in the lower troposphere. 3) The IR imagery reveals that two convective cloud cells (brightness temperature below $-50^{\circ}C$) merge each other and after merging it grows up rapidly over the western part of East sea at about 5 hours before the maximum rainfall occurrence. These features remind that there must be the upward flow in the upper troposphere and the low-layer convergence over the same region of East sea. The time of maximum growth of the convective cloud agrees well with the time of the maximum rainfall.

Exploring Internal Factors of Companies to Increase Oorganizational Commitment of Female Managers (여성관리자의 조직몰입을 높이기 위한 기업의 내부요인 탐색)

  • Shin, Soo-Young;Park, Ji-Sung;Ok, Chiho
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.296-307
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    • 2020
  • Compared to the quantitative increase in women's workforce, women's status in the organization remains poor. When it needs diverse perspectives and flexibility cope with the environment, it is an urgent challenge for companies to manage women in organizations. In this study, it is explored the internal factors of the organization that allow women managers to be more immersed in the organization. While previous researches have focused mainly on employment equality policies, this study expands the scope of existing research by considering the organization's internal support factors, such as mentoring, education and training, and organizational atmosphere. The female manager panel data showed that mentoring, education and training, and organizational climate all increase the leading influence of female. This leading influence affects organizational commitment and mediated between organizational internal factors and organizational commitment. In other words, it has been found that it is important for female managers to take the initiative in their position as well as the internal support of companies for female managers to immerse themselves in the organization. This study could contribute to solving the dilemma of the use of women's workforce by companies that fail to recover all investment costs such as recruitment, education, training, and compensation of excellent women's workforce.