• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1824-1836
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• 2020

Objective: On the hypothesis that grazing of cattle prompts organs to secrete or internalize circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in parallel with changes in energy metabolism, we aimed to clarify biological events in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues in grazing Japanese Shorthorn (JSH) steers by a transcriptomic approach. Methods: The subcutaneous fat (SCF), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), and liver in JSH steers after three months of grazing or housing were analyzed using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by gene ontology (GO) and functional annotation analyses. Results: The results of transcriptomics indicated that SCF was highly responsive to grazing compared to BFM and liver tissues. The 'Exosome', 'Carbohydrate metabolism' and 'Lipid metabolism' were extracted as the relevant GO terms in SCF and BFM, and/or liver from the >1.5-fold-altered mRNAs in grazing steers. The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysis-associated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. Moreover, gene expression related to fatty acid uptake and inter-organ signaling (solute carrier family 27 member 4 and angiopoietin-like 4) was upregulated in BFM, suggesting activation of SCF-BFM organ crosstalk for energy metabolism. Meanwhile, expression of plasma exosomal miR-16a, miR-19b, miR-21-5p, and miR-142-5p was reduced. According to bioinformatic analyses, the c-miRNA target genes are associated with the terms 'Endosome', 'Caveola', 'Endocytosis', 'Carbohydrate metabolism', and with pathways related to environmental information processing and the endocrine system. Conclusion: Exosome and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression was altered in SCF of grazing cattle, which could be regulated by miRNA such as miR-142-5p. These changes occurred coordinately in both the SCF and BFM, suggesting involvement of exosome in the SCF-BFM organ crosstalk to modulate energy metabolism.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2011

In order to investigate the potential of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics, we prepared N. sativa oil. We measured its inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase activity, cellular tyrosinase activity, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells. N. sativa oil and its components showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay using mouse B16-F10 melanoma cell, it reduced melanin production up to 86 % at a concentration of 10 mg/mL without cytotoxicity. In the study on the melanogenic protein expressions by using RT-PCR and Western blot, N. sativa oil and its components inhibited expression of tyrosinase protein, which is a well-known key protein on melanogenesis, and tyrosinase expression was gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this result suggests that N. sativa oil could be used as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2006

The bacterial diversity of the bovine rumen was examined using a PCR-based approach. 16S rDNA sequences were amplified and cloned from three fractions of rumen (solid, fluid, and epithelium) that are likely to represent different bacterial niches. A total of 113 clones were sequenced, and similarities to known l6S rDNA sequences were examined. About $47.8\%$ of the sequences had $90-97\%$ similarity to 16S rDNA database sequences. Furthermore, about $62.2\%$ of the sequences were $98-100\%$ similar to 16S rDNA database sequences. For the remaining $6.1\%$, the similarity was less than $90\%$. Phylogenetic analysis was also used to infer the makeup of the bacterial communities in the different rumen fractions. The Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (CFB, $67.5\%$), low G+C Gram-positive bacteria (LGCGPB, $30\%$), and Proteobacteria $(2.5\%)$ were represented in the rumen fluid clone set; LGCGPB $(75.7\%)$, CFB$(10.8\%)$, Proteobacteria $(5.4\%)$, high G+C Gram-positive bacteria (HGCGPB, $5.4\%$), and Spirochaetes $(2.7\%)$ were represented in the rumen solid clone set; and the CFB group $(94.4\%)$ and LGCGPB $(5.6\%)$ were represented in the rumen epithelium clone set. These findings suggest that the rumen fluid, solid, and epithelium support different microbial populations that may play specific roles in rumen function.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2018

A bacterial strain capable of metabolizing myo-inositol (MI) and converting to other substances was isolated from soil of orchard. The isolate, named YB-46, was grown on minimal medium supplemented with MI as the sole carbon source and was presumed to belonging to genus Enterobacter according to the 16S rDNA sequence. Escherichia coli transformant converting MI into unknown metabolites was selected from a metagenomic library prepared with fosmid pCC1FOS vector. Plasmid was isolated from the transformant, and the inserted gene was partially sequenced. From the nucleotide sequence, an iolG gene was identified to encode myo-inositol dehydrogenase (IolG) consisting of 336 amino residues. The IolG showed amino acid sequence similarity of about 50% with IolG of Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis. The His-tagged IolG (HtIolG) fused with hexahistidine at C-terminus was produced and purified from cell extract of recombinant E. coli. The purified HtIolG showed maximal activity at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.5 with the highest activity for MI and D-glucose, and more than 90% of maximal activity for D-chiro-inositol, D-mannitol and D-xylose. $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of the HtIolG for MI were 1.83 mM and $0.724{\mu}mol/min/mg$ under the optimal reaction condition, respectively. The activity of HtIolG was increased 1.7 folds by $Zn^{2+}$, but was significantly inhibited by $Co^{2+}$ and SDS.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

Stem bark extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance were found to contain two major bioactive components, esculetin and esculin. Esculetin substantially inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $2.8{\mu}M$, and reduced melanin synthesis in Melan-A cells. Moreover, esculetin suppressed melanin biosynthesis by inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase activity, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $40{\mu}M$. Taken together, these results suggest that esculetin could serve as an effective skin-lightening agent that inhibits melanin production by regulating the activity of melanogenic enzymes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Calculus Bovis-Fel Uris-Moschus pharmacopuncture (BUM) on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats and to investigate a possible pathway involved in the effects of BUM. Methods: The changes in the rCBF and the MABP following BUM into Fengfu (GV16) were determined by using a laser-Doppler flow meter and a pressure transducer, respectively. Results: BUM significantly increased the rCBF and decreased the MABP in normal rats in a dose-dependent manner. The effect on the rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, but was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The BUM-induced decrease of the MABP was changed neither by methylene blue nor by indomethacin pretreatment. In the cerebral ischemic rats, the rCBF was stably increased upon cerebral reperfusion in the BUM group in contrast to the rapid and marked increase in the control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that BUM into Fengbu (GV16) increased the rCBF in a dose-dependent manner in the normal state; furthermore, it improved the stability of the rCBF in the ischemic state upon reperfusion. Also, the effects of BUM on the rCBF were attenuated by inhibition of guanylate cyclase, suggesting that the effects involved the guanylate cyclase pathway.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2024

During an investigation of unrecorded prokaryotic species in Korea, six unrecorded bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from Uljin-gun. Based on a similarity search using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolated strains and the construction of the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, five strains were identified to the genus Pseudomonas of the family Pseudomonadaceae, while one strain was identified as a species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus of the family Paenibacillaceae. The details of these unreported species, including gram staining reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, strain ID, and isolation source, are described in the description of the strains.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

It has been shown that a nucleotide substitution at position 770 in Escherichia coli 16S rRNA, which is implicated in forming the evolutionary conserved B2c intersubunit bridge, has a detrimental effect on ribosome function. In order to isolate second-site revertants that complement ribosomes containing C770G, we performed a random mutagenesis of the 16S rRNA gene and selected clones that could produce more CAT protein translated by specialized ribosome. One of the clones contained two nucleotide substitutions at positions 569 and 904 (C569G and U904C) and these mutations partially complemented the loss of protein-synthesis ability caused by C770G. Further studies using the isolated revertant will provide information about which part of 16S rRNA is interacting with C770 and the consequence of the structure formed by these interactions in the process of protein synthesis.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate effect of temperature, photoperiod, and plant growth regulators on the growth and flowering of Dendrobium phalaenopsis. Photoperiod treatments of 10 or 16 day length were from Mar. 24 to May 23. After treatments, all plants were exposed under natural photoperiod. Temperature treatments promoted development of new shoots (leads) of Dendrobium phalaenopsis 'Semi Alba' at $30/25^{\circ}C$(day/night) for 12 weeks, and 16 hr-photoperiod treatment promoted development of new shoots and flowering. The 16 hr photoperiod Dendrobium phalaenopsis 'Candistraipe ${\times}$ Tedtakiguz' no difference in the numbers of flower, flower width, and stalk length compared to the 10 hr photoperiod. Days to first flowering from appearance of new shoot were 241 days under natural photoperiod, 243 days under 10 hr, and 216 days under 16 hr, so that 16 hr-photoperiod treatment was faster about 25 days than that of natural or 10 hr treatment. There was not significant difference in growing and flowering of Dendrobium phalaenopsis among plant growth regulators.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.577-609
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• 1995

Bacteria have been regarded as one of the most important factors in pulpal and periapical diseases. Streptococci are frequently isolated facultative anaerobes in infected root canals. Recently molecular biological techniques have been rapidly progressed. This study was designed to apply the molecular biological tools to the identification and classification of streptococci in the endodontic microbiology. Streptococci isolated from infected root canals were identified with both Vitek Systems and API 20 STREP. Identification results were somewhat different in several strains of streptococci. Eighteen streptococci and enterococcal was difficult so to digest plasmid DNA using Hind III and EcoRI to differentiate strains by restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid DNA. 16S rDNA of chromosome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and then restricition fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) using several restriction enzymes was observed. The molecular mass of 16S rDNA of chromosomal DNA was approximately 1.4kb. There were three to five RFLP patterns using eight restriction enzymes. RFLP patterns digested with CfoI which recognizes four base sequences were identical in all stains. Hind III which recognizes six base sequences could not digest the 16S rDNA. Restriction enzymes which recognize five base sequences were suitable for RFLP pattern analysis. At least three different restriction enzymes were needed to compare each strains. 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP was simple and rapid to differentiate and classify strains and could be used in the epidemiological study of root canal infections.