• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum shading material of rain shelter in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Results obtained from our experiment can be summarized as follows. From photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as shade materials on sunny day, temperature under rain shelter was low in comparison with that under polyethylene net. It was ranged from 3 to $5^{\circ}C$ Survival rate of 3,4, and 5 year-old ginsengs under shade materials of rain shelter was lower than that under polyethylene net. Root fresh weight in ginseng grown under rain shelter was increased into about 5.0g in 3 year-old, 10g in 4 year-old and 8g in 5 year-old ginsengs. From investigating root grade of 3, 4, and 5 year-old ginsengs, we confirmed that rain shelter was more effective than the other as shading materials. Root size of 3, 4, 5 year-old ginsengs grown under rain shelter is distributed in bigger size than that grown under polyethylene net. Also, in the case of saponin contents, the ginseng grown under the shade material of rain shelter was higher than that under polyethylene net.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.508-513
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• 2011

The bark of the root and stem of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica has been used as a traditional Korean medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. This plant reportedly shows antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica ethanolic extract (UDE) on UVB irradiation-induced wrinkle in hairless mice. We evaluated for their free radical-scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the anti-elastase activities, and for their anti-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity in human skin fibroblast cells. In the wrinkle measurement and image analysis of skin replicas, the results showed that UDE significantly inhibited wrinkle formation caused by chronic UVB irradiation. These results suggest that UDE has anti-wrinkle activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2009

GCSB-5 preparation is a purified extract from a mixture six herbal medicines (Acanthopanacis Cortex, Achyranthis Radix, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen Nigra, Eucommiae Cortex) that have been widely used in traditional medicine to treat various bone disorders. This study was carried out to obtain the HPLC analysis method that can be used to establish quantitative analysis of Glycine Semen Nigra and Eucommiae Cortex for standardization of GCSB-5 preparation. HPLC analysis methods for the simultaneous determination of genistin (Glycine Semen Nigra) and geniposide (Eucommiae Cortex) were established for the quality control of herbal medicinal raw material and preparation. And validation of HPLC analysis methods were conformed for verification of HPLC methods by check to specificity, linearity, intra-day precision, inter-day precision and accuracy following ICH guideline. As the result of quantitative analysis, the contents of genistin and geniposide in the raw material of GCSB-5 preparation were 0.0426-0.0427 mg/g and 0.431-0.432 mg/g. And GCSB-5 preparation contained genistin of 0.0202-0.0203 mg/capsule and geniposide of 0.211-0.212 mg/capsule, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.416-420
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of shading material on the chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and its any correlations in Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer. Fo was higher in polyethylene shade net than in silver-coated shading plate, but this treatment caused a lower Fm in comparison with silver-coated shading plate. Also, Fv/Fm and PhiPS2 showed higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net. The relationship between net photosynthetic rate and transpiration, stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR (Photosynthetic active radiation) was increased and reached maximum at the $200-400\;{\mu}mol/m^{2}/s$ of PAR in all of leaves, and the higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net. A linear equation was obtained between net photosynthetic rate and transpiration, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. SPAD was higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of buprenorphine either in raw material or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method is based on the formation of a colored ion-pair complex (1 : 1 drug/dye) of buprenorphine and bromocresol green (BCG) in buffer pH 3 and extracting in chloroform. The extracted complex shows absorbance maxima at 415 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.32-100.81 μ g mL-1. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of drug in commercial sublingual tablets and injectable dosage form. No significant interference was observed from the excipients commonly used as pharmaceutical aids with the assay procedure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 2012

Somatic embryogenesis is one of good examples of the basic research for plant embryo development as well as an important technique for plant biotechnology such as medicinally important plants. Single embryos develop into normal plantlets with shoots and roots. Therefore, direct single embryogenesis derived from single cells is highly important for normal plant regeneration. Here we demonstrate that the cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis in Panax ginseng Meyer is a permanent source of embryogenic material that can be used for genetic manipulations. Secondary somatic embryos were originated directly from the primary somatic embryos on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog medium, and proliferated further in a cyclic manner. EM medium (one third of modified MS medium [MS medium containing half amount of NH4NO3 and KNO3] with 2% to 3% sucrose) favored further development of proliferated secondary somatic embryos into plantlets with root system. The plantlets developed into plants with well-developed taproots in half-strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.5% activated charcoal.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.139-143
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of Agrimony (Agrimonia pilosa L.) and Chinese lizardtail (Saururus chinensis Baill) according to extraction methods were measured. SOD-like activity showed greater antioxidant effects with ethanol solvent than those with water. Ethanol extracts of Agrimony leaves showed the highest SOD-like activity of 94.4%. SOD-like activity differed according to the extraction solvents. The contents of polyphenolic compounds were higher in water extracts than those in ethanol extracts. The contents were 161.4 mg for Agrimony roots, 100.2 mg for Agrimony leaves, and 79.1 mg for Agrimony stalks in order. EDA in Agrimony leaves that were highest among medicinal plants were 83.4% in the water extract and 81.7% in the ethanol extract. The anticancer effects of the extracts by water and ethanol from Agrimony and Chinese lizardtail were experimented. The growth of stomach cancer cells, SNU-719 was inhibited 94.5% by the hexane fractions of Agrimony and also the growth of liver cancer cells, Hep3B was inhibited 83.2% by the hexane fractions of Agrimony, while the growth of normal cell, DC2.4 was not affected.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2022

Astilboides tabularis (A. tabularis) has been thought to be material for functional food and could help to prevent diabetes for centuries. A. tabularis has been reported to contain phytochemicals (catechin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin), which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We focused on anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate fraction of A. tabularis (EAT) through NF-κB signaling pathway. Phytochemicals of EAT were analyzed by total flavonoid and phenolics assay, its content was 219.2 ± 2.01 and 524.7 ± 0.80 mg/g respectively. EAT significantly reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2, which caused the production of nitric oxide (NO). EAT suppressed mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α). EAT suppressed the expression of p-p65 through the inhibition of phosphorylation of IkB-a, and the result of immunofluorescence showed that inhibited the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2021

Hibiscus hamabo is a deciduous shrub that grows around salt marshes and is considered a semi-mangrove plant found in Asia. There are no studies on the biological activity of H. hamabo except for studies on the anthocyanin content. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of H. hamabo extract (HHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) induced by LPS moves into the nucleus, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines are promoted and the inflammatory reaction begins. The nitric oxide (NO) production decreased by the treatment of HHE. Moreover, mRNA levels of inflammation-related cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, were significantly suppressed by HHE. Similarly, the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were also decreased. The phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, was suppressed by HHE. As a result, HHE can be used as an effective natural material for the anti-inflammatory agent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2022

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai is widely used to remedy fever, edema, and neuritis. S. koraiensis has harpagoside and angoroside C, these compounds have been reported to alleviate inflammation, rheumatic diseases, and analgesic stimulation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of S. koraiensis (SKE) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced macrophages. At cellular levels, SKE decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines (IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6) under the LPS stimulation. SKE inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and its inhibitor (IκB-α). In addition, SKE suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In conclusion, SKE could be considered a potential resource for attenuating inflammation response and it may be utilized in the material for cosmetics, food additives, and tea.