Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

High Frequency of Plant Regeneration through Cyclic Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis in Panax ginseng

  • Kim, Yu-Jin (Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Ok-Ran (Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Tack (Processing Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Yang, Deok-Chun (Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2012.02.17
  • Accepted : 2012.08.07
  • Published : 2012.10.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis is one of good examples of the basic research for plant embryo development as well as an important technique for plant biotechnology such as medicinally important plants. Single embryos develop into normal plantlets with shoots and roots. Therefore, direct single embryogenesis derived from single cells is highly important for normal plant regeneration. Here we demonstrate that the cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis in Panax ginseng Meyer is a permanent source of embryogenic material that can be used for genetic manipulations. Secondary somatic embryos were originated directly from the primary somatic embryos on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog medium, and proliferated further in a cyclic manner. EM medium (one third of modified MS medium [MS medium containing half amount of NH4NO3 and KNO3] with 2% to 3% sucrose) favored further development of proliferated secondary somatic embryos into plantlets with root system. The plantlets developed into plants with well-developed taproots in half-strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.5% activated charcoal.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee O R, Sathiyaraj G, Kim YJ, In JG, Kwon WS, Kim JH, Yang DC. Defense genes induced by pathogens and abiotic stresses in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Ginseng Res 2011;35:1-11. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.1.001
  2. Cho JG, Lee MK, Lee JW, Park HJ, Lee DY, Lee YH, Yang DC, Baek NI. Physicochemical characterization and NMR assignments of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd isolated from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:113-121. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.2.113
  3. Punja ZK, Feeney M, Schluter C, Tautorus T. Multiplication and germination of somatic embryos of American ginseng derived from suspension cultures and biochemical and molecular analyses of plantlets. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 2004;40:329-338. https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2004532
  4. Cervelli R, Senaratna T. Economic aspects of somatic embryogenesis. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
  5. Merkle SA. Strategies for dealing with limitations of somatic embryogenesis in hardwood trees. Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 1995;1:112-121.
  6. Raemakers CJ, Jacobsen E, Visser RG. Secondary somatic embryogenesis and applications in plant breeding. Euphytica 1995;81:93-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022463
  7. Nair RR, Dutta Gupta S. High-frequency plant regeneration through cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Plant Cell Rep 2006;24:699-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0016-2
  8. Koh WL, Loh CS. Direct somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration and in vitro flowering in rapid-cycling Brassica napus. Plant Cell Rep 2000;19:1177-1183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990000268
  9. Das Neves LO, Duque SR, de Almeida JS, Fevereiro PS. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula ssp. Narbonensis and M. truncatula Gaertn cv. Jemalong. Plant Cell Rep 1999;18:398-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050593
  10. Choi YE, Kim JW, Soh WY. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai. Plant Cell Rep 1997;17:84-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050357
  11. Raemakers CJ, Schavemaker CM, Jacobsen E, Visser RG. Improvements of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Plant Cell Rep1993; 12:226-229.
  12. Weissinger AK, Parrott WA. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery in white clover. Plant Cell Rep 1993;12:125-128.
  13. Choi YE, Yang DC, Park JC, Soh WY, Choi KT. Regenerative ability of somatic single and multiple embryos from cotyledons of Korean ginseng on hormone-free medium. Plant Cell Rep 1998;17:544-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050439
  14. Choi YE, Yang DC, Yoon ES, Choi KT. High-efficiency plant production via direct somatic single embryogenesis from preplasmolysed cotyledons of Panax ginseng and possible dormancy of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Rep 1999;18:493-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050610
  15. Tang W. High-frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and in vitro flowering of regenerated plantlets in Panax ginseng. Plant Cell Rep 2000;19:727-732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002999900170
  16. Kim YJ, Kim MK, Shim JS, Pulla RK, Yang DC. Somatic embryogenesis of two new Panax ginseng cultivars, Yun-Poong and Chun-Poong. Russian J Plant Physiol 2010;57:283-289. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443710020172
  17. Baker CM, Wetzstein HY. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis in peanut cotyledon cultures by continued exposure to 2,4-D. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 1995;40:249-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048131
  18. Merkle SA, Parrott WA, Williams EG. Applications of somatic embryogenesis and embryo cloning. In: Bhojwani SS, ed. Plant tissue culture: applications and limitations. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990. p.67-101.
  19. Choi YE, Soh WY. Effect of ammonium ion on morphogenesis from cultured cotyledon explants of Panax ginseng. J Plant Biol 1997;40:21-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030316
  20. Halperin W. Alternative morphogenetic events in cell suspensions. Am J Bot 1966;53:443-453. https://doi.org/10.2307/2440343
  21. Gui Y, Guo Z, Ke S, Skirvin RM. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Acanthopanax senticosus. Plant Cell Rep 1999;9:514-516.
  22. Litz RE. Somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf explants of tropical tree Euphoria longan stend. J Plant Physiol 1988;132:190-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(88)80159-7
  23. Deng MD, Cornu D. Maturation and germination of walnut somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 1992;28:195-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055517
  24. Thomas E, Hoffmann F, Potrykus I, Wenzel G. Protoplast regeneration and stem embryogenesis of haploid androgenetic rape. Mol Gen Genet 1976;145:245-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00325819
  25. Lupotto E. Propagation of an embryogenic culture of Medicago sativa L. Z Pflanzenphysiol 1983;111:95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-328X(83)80035-X
  26. Lou H, Kako S. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cucumber. HortScience 1994;29:906-909.
  27. Zhou S, Brown DC. High efficiency plant production of North American ginseng via somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants. Plant Cell Rep 2006;25:166-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0043-z
  28. Buchheim JA, Colburn SM, Ranch JP. Maturation of soybean somatic embryos and the transition to plantlet growth. Plant Physiol 1989;89:768-775. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.89.3.768
  29. Pullman GS, Johnson S. Somatic embryogenesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.): improving culture initiation rates. Ann For Sci 2002;59:663-668. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2002053

Cited by

  1. L.) vol.43, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2016.43.1.66
  2. Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis and genome size analysis of Coriandrum sativum L. vol.254, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-0954-2
  3. Functional characterization of a WRKY family gene involved in somatic embryogenesis in Panax ginseng vol.257, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01455-2
  4. Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Co vol.13, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13040057
  5. Major Achievement and Prospect of Ginseng Breeding in Korea vol.52, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2020.52.s.170
  6. Vitrification and proteomic analysis of embryogenic callus of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer vol.57, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-020-10117-5