• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.891-900
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• 2003

c-fos 유전자는 전사조절인자로서 주로 c-jun family와 결합하여 heterodimers를 형성하며 AP-1 조절 부위를 가지는 유전자들의 전사를 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 유전자의 발현은 myoblasts를 비롯한 여러 세포의 분화와 성장을 조절하며 최근 돼지에서 육질에 영향을 미치는 근섬유와 관련된다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 소에서 육질과 c-fos 유전자와의 관계를 알아보기 위한 기초자료로서 총 1,443 bp의 mRNA 염기서열을 최초로 소에서 밝혔으며 여러 조직과 기관에서의 발현양상도 살펴보았다. 한우의 c-fos 유전자의 염기서열을 사람, 돼지 및 쥐와 비교하여 본 결과 각각 89.8%, 93.5%와 87.0%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 이 유전자의 발현은 근육중 갈비에서 가장 많은 발현량을 보였고, 조직에서는 비장에서 가장 많은 발현량을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 밝혀진 c-fos 유전자는 SNP의 추가분석에 의해 한우에서 육질의 향상과 관련이 있는 후보유전자로 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2006

The residue depletion of ampicillin was investigated in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major) after 5 days treatment with medicated feed at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day. Fishes were sampled for muscle on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th day after treatment. Ampicillin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after SPE column extraction. The recovery rates of ampicillin in muscle samples ranged 94-98% and 83-88% for the concentration of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Ampicillin concentrations detected on 1st day after treatment were 0.143, 0.138, and 0.187 mg/kg in the muscle of olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream, respectively. After a withdrawal of 3 days, muscle concentrations were 0.016, 0.012, and 0.021 mg/kg in the olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream, respectively. Ampicillin was not detectable in muscle samples on 4 days following withdrawal of the medicated feed. From results of the present study, a withdrawal period of ampicillin is proposed on 5 days after 5 days treatment with medicated feed at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day to avoid the presence of excessive residues of the edible muscles of olive flounder, rockfish, and red sea bream.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

본 연구는 육계에서 동물복지농장의 스트레스 저감효과를 과학적인 지표를 통해 확인하고자 시행되었다. 농장 내 gas 농도를 비교한 결과 일반농장에서 육계에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 CO₂와 NH₃의 농도가 높았다. PCO₂는 일반농장에서, PO₂는 동물복지농장에서 유의하게 높았다. 일반농장의 육계에서 혈중 CREA, GLU, AST, CK가 유의적으로 높았으며, TP, GLOB는 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 혈중 corticosterone과 norepinephrine이 일반농장에서 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 동물복지농장에 비해 일반농장 육계의 스트레스 수치가 더 높은 것으로 판단되며, 동물복지농장이 스트레스가 감소된 사양 환경을 제공하고 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible application of 2 D-SDS-PAGE (2 DE)-based proteome analysis techniques to the assessment of extreme proteolysis in postmortem skeletal muscle. Eight Hanwoo longissimus muscles were incubated immediately after slaughter for 24 h at 5$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ or 36$^{\circ}C$. Warner Bratzler (WB)-shear force and ultrastructural configuration were determined at 24 h, and rate of proteolysis to 24 h was determined by 1 D-SDS-PAGE (1 DE) and 2 DE. In addition, tentative protein identification was performed from peptide mass fingerprints of MALDI-ToF analysis of major protein groups on 2 DE profiles. The result showed that although ultrastructural configuration was similar between the 5$^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$ treatments, meat at 5$^{\circ}C$ had higher WBshear force (approximately 5 kg greater). A higher rate of protein degradation at 36$^{\circ}C$ was observed based on Troponin-T degradation, 1 DE, and 2 DE analysis. This indicates that proteolysis during the early postmortem period was a significant determinant of shear force at 24 h. Little difference in proteolysis between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 15$^{\circ}C$ treatments was found based on classic 1 DE profile assessment. Meanwhile, considerable differences in the 2 DE profiles between the two treatments were revealed, with substantially higher rate of proteolysis at 15$^{\circ}C$ compared to 5$^{\circ}C$. Nuclease treatment improved 2 DE profile resolution. 400 ${\mu}$g and 600 ${\mu}$g of sample loading appeared to be appropriate for 24 cm pH 3-10 and pH 5-7 IPG strips, respectively. Protein detection and quantification of the 5$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$ 2 DE profiles revealed 78, 163 and 232 protein spots respectively that were differentially modified in terms of their electrophoretic properties between approximately pI 5.3-7.7 with the molecular weight range of approximately 71-12 kDa. The current results demonstrated that 2 DE was a superior tool to 1 DE for characterising proteolysis in postmortem skeletal muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.922-926
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• 2005

The present study was aimed to investigate proteome affected by Panax ginseng extracts in chicken muscles. The whole muscle proteins from chicken fed boiled extracts of 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5% Panax ginseng in water were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels using immobilized non-linear gradient (pH 3-10) strips. More than 300 protein spots were detected on silver staining gels. Among them, four protein spots were distinctively up-regulated by Panax ginseng treatments and further investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The obtained MS data were searched against SwissProt database using the Mascot search engine. The up-regulated proteins were finally identified as $\alpha$-tropomyosin (2 spots), triosephosphate isomerase, and one unknown protein. Based on the known functions of the identified proteins, they are highly related to muscle development and enhanced immunity in chickens. These proteins can give valuable information of biochemical roles for Panax ginseng in chicken meats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.626-631
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• 2007

Pre-rigor bovine sternomandibularis muscles were frozen at 3 hr postmortem thawed at various temperatures (18, 2, and $-2^{\circ}C$), and then meat quality and sensory properties were compared with those in chilled muscle (control). The meat thawed at $18^{\circ}C$ had lower ultimate pH, water holding capacity, and sensory scores and higher muscle shortening, thaw drip loss, and shear values than those of the other samples. The samples thawed at $-2^{\circ}C$ had significantly lower muscle shortening and higher sensory scores in tenderness and juiciness than those thawed at 18 and $2^{\circ}C$. Muscle shortening, pH, WHC, shear values, and sensory properties were not significantly different between control and sample thawed at $-2^{\circ}C$. By holding at $-2^{\circ}C$, thaw shortening was prevented and tender meat comparable to the chilled meat was obtained. These results indicate that thaw shortening can be largely eliminated if the frozen pre-rigor muscle is thawed at $-2^{\circ}C$.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2005

Proteomics is a useful approach to know protein expression, post-translational modification and protein function. We investigated the protein expression pattern and identity in chickens fed with the tissue culture medium waste after harvest of Korean wild ginseng (TCM-KWG) (Panax ginseng). Two groups (n=60/group) of day old broiler chickens were administered with 0 (control) and 0.8% (treatment) TCM-KWG through drinking water. After 5 weeks, we examined the protein expression pattern of fibularis longus and superficial pectoral muscle by Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis. Interestingly, TCM-KWG treatment significantly increased five spot's density, and markedly reduced five spot's density in the muscles. We identified 10 proteins (desmin, myosin light chain 1, heat shock 25 kDa protein, collapsin response mediator protein-2A, alpha enolase, vimentin, actin alpha 1, my023 protein, pyruvate kinase and troponin T) by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF).

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1129-1140
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• 2022

Objective: With improvements in living standards and increase in global population, the demand for meat products has been increasing; improved meat production from livestock could effectively meet this demand. In this study, we examined the differences in the muscle traits of different male crossbred sheep and attempted to identify key genes that regulate these traits. Methods: Dubo sheep×small-tailed Han sheep (DP×STH) and Suffolk×small-tailed Han sheep (SFK×STH) were selected to determine meat quality and production performance by Masson staining. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to meat quality. The presence of DEGs was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The production performance of SFK×STH sheep was better than that of DP×STH sheep, but the meat quality of DP×STH sheep was better than that of SFK×STH sheep. The muscle fiber diameter of DP×STH sheep was smaller than that of SFK×STH sheep. Twenty-two DEGs were identified. Among them, four gene ontology terms were related to muscle traits, and three DEGs were related to muscle or muscle fibers. There were no significant differences in the number of single nucleotide mutations and mutation sites in the different male parent cross combinations. Conclusion: This study provides genetic resources for future sheep muscle development and cross-breeding research.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.479-489
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• 2023

Livestock production depends on the utilization of nutrients, and when this is accomplished, there is accelerated momentum toward growth with a low cost-to-feed ratio. Public concern over the consumption of pork with antibiotic residues in animals fed antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has paved the way for using other natural additives to antibiotics, such as herbs and their products, probiotics, prebiotics, etc. Numerous feed additives are trending to achieve this goal, and a classic example is vitamins and minerals. Vitamins and minerals represent a relatively small percentage of the diet, but they are critical to animal health, well-being, and performance; both play a well-defined role in metabolism, and their requirements can vary depending on the physiological stage of the animals. At the same time, the absence of these vitamins and minerals in animal feed can impair the growth and development of muscles and bones. Most commercial feeds contain vitamins and trace minerals that meet nutrient requirements recommended by National Research Council and animal feeding standards. However, the potential variability and bioavailability of vitamins and trace elements in animal feeds remain controversial because daily feed intake varies, and vitamins are degraded by transportation, storage, and processing. Accordingly, the requirement for vitamins and minerals may need to be adjusted to reflect increased production levels, yet the information presented on this topic is still limited. Therefore, this review focuses on the role and function of different sources of minerals, the mode of action, the general need for micro and macro minerals in non-ruminant diets, and how they improve animal performance.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.832-848
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• 2024

This study was carried out to assess the quality properties, components associated with taste and aroma of beef as a function of breed. For this purpose, steers from four Korean native cattle breeds: Hanwoo (n=10), Chikso (n=10), black Hanwoo (n=12, BHW) and Jeju black cattle (n=12, JBC) were used. The steers all were raised under identical conditions and finished at a similar age of around 30-months old. Following 24 h of slaughter, all longissimus lumborum muscles were collected and used for analysis of meat quality, fatty acids, and flavor-related components (metabolic compounds, free amino acids, and aroma volatiles). The Hanwoo presented a significantly higher intramuscular fat content (IMF, 22.85%) than the BHW (11.78%), Chikso (9.25%), and JBC (9.14%; p<0.05). The meat of Hanwoo breed showed lighter and redder color, and lower shear force value (p<0.05). The JBC presented a "healthier" fatty acid profiles as it had a higher total unsaturated fatty acids content (p<0.05). With regard to flavorrelated components, Hanwoo also had higher total contents of free amino acids and metabolites associated with umami and sweet tastes, and fat-derived volatile compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones) associated with fatty aroma. It may be concluded that there was a considerable difference in the meat quality properties among breeds. The variations of IMF content and flavor-related components may be the main factors contributing to the typical flavors of beef among the four Korean native cattle breeds.