• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2018

A bacterial strain capable of metabolizing myo-inositol (MI) and converting to other substances was isolated from soil of orchard. The isolate, named YB-46, was grown on minimal medium supplemented with MI as the sole carbon source and was presumed to belonging to genus Enterobacter according to the 16S rDNA sequence. Escherichia coli transformant converting MI into unknown metabolites was selected from a metagenomic library prepared with fosmid pCC1FOS vector. Plasmid was isolated from the transformant, and the inserted gene was partially sequenced. From the nucleotide sequence, an iolG gene was identified to encode myo-inositol dehydrogenase (IolG) consisting of 336 amino residues. The IolG showed amino acid sequence similarity of about 50% with IolG of Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis. The His-tagged IolG (HtIolG) fused with hexahistidine at C-terminus was produced and purified from cell extract of recombinant E. coli. The purified HtIolG showed maximal activity at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.5 with the highest activity for MI and D-glucose, and more than 90% of maximal activity for D-chiro-inositol, D-mannitol and D-xylose. $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of the HtIolG for MI were 1.83 mM and $0.724{\mu}mol/min/mg$ under the optimal reaction condition, respectively. The activity of HtIolG was increased 1.7 folds by $Zn^{2+}$, but was significantly inhibited by $Co^{2+}$ and SDS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.876-884
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• 2014

A hardware design of LDPC decoder which is based on the improved normalized min-sum(INMS) decoding algorithm is described in this paper. The designed LDPC decoder supports 19 block lengths(576~2304) and 6 code rates(1/2, 2/3A, 2/3B, 3/4A, 3/4B, 5/6) of IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMAX standard and 3 block lengths(648, 1296, 1944) and 4 code rates(1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6) of IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard. The decoding function unit(DFU) which is a main arithmetic block is implemented using sign-magnitude(SM) arithmetic and INMS decoding algorithm to optimize hardware complexity and decoding performance. The LDPC decoder synthesized using a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS cell library with 100 MHz clock has 284,409 gates and RAM of 62,976 bits, and it is verified by FPGA implementation. The estimated performance depending on code rate and block length is about 82~218 Mbps at 100 MHz@1.8V.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.102-111
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a $4{\times}4$ block parallel architecture of interpolation for high-performance H.264/AVC Motion Compensation in 4K UHD($3840{\times}2160$) video real time processing. To improve throughput, we design $4{\times}4$ block parallel interpolation. For supplying the $9{\times}9$ reference data for interpolation, we design 2D cache buffer which consists of the $9{\times}9$ memory arrays. We minimize redundant storage of the reference pixel by applying the Search Area Stripe Reuse scheme(SASR), and implement high-speed plane interpolator with 3-stage pipeline(Horizontal Vertical 1/2 interpolation, Diagonal 1/2 interpolation, 1/4 interpolation). The proposed architecture was simulated in 0.13um standard cell library. The maximum operation frequency is 150MHz. The gate count is 161Kgates. The proposed H.264/AVC Motion Compensation can support 4K UHD at 72 frames per second by running at 150MHz.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.15-33
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• 2019

Objectives The objective of this study is to provide the evidence of the effectivness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. Methods 2 Korean medical on-line databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Traditional Knowledge), and 3 foreign databases (Pubmed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to find articles concerning herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several repeated articles and those not relevant to the topic were excluded, as well as review articles and commentaries. The methodological quality of RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analyes were perfomed. Results Total 474 studies were founded and 22 RCTs were selected for systematic review. Efficiency rate was used as the primary evaluation method. Almost studies reported that herbal medicine has significant effect on pain reduction, increasing shoulder function on frozen shoulder. 3 studies comparing herbal medicine and chuna with chuna and 3 studies comparing herbal medicine with ibuprofen were included in the meta-analysis. At herbal medicine and chuna with chuna meta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.27, p<0.0001). At herbal medicine with ibuprofen medta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.27, p=0.003). Conclusions The studies showed that herbal medicine can significantly effective on frozen shoulder. However, the risk of bias in RCTs were evaluated as uncertain. In the future, further well-designed RCTs are needed to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder and reduce the risk of bias.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2002

In this paper we propos a new hardware architecture of modular exponentiation using a division chain method which has been proposed in (2). Modular exponentiation using the division chain is performed by receding an exponent E as a mixed form of multiplication and addition with divisors d=2 or $d=2^I +1$ and respective remainders r. This calculates the modular exponentiation in about $1.4log_2$E multiplications on average which is much less iterations than $2log_2$E of conventional Binary Method. We designed a linear systolic array multiplier with pipelining and used a horizontal projection on its data dependence graph. So, for k-bit key, two k-bit data frames can be inputted simultaneously and two modular multipliers, each consisting of k/2+3 PE(Processing Element)s, can operate in parallel to accomplish 100% throughput. We propose a new encoding scheme to represent divisors and remainders of the division chain to keep regularity of the data path. When it is synthesized to ASIC using Samsung 0.5 um CMOS standard cell library, the critical path delay is 4.24ns, and resulting performance is estimated to be abort 140 Kbps for a 1024-bit data frame at 200Mhz clock In decryption process, the speed can be enhanced to 560kbps by using CRT(Chinese Remainder Theorem). Futhermore, to satisfy real time requirements we can choose small public exponent E, such as 3,17 or $2^{16} +1$, in encryption and verification process. in which case the performance can reach 7.3Mbps.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2021

Skin hypopigmentation, which is observed in albinism or vitiligo, occurs when melanin synthesis is decreased by genetic, epigenetic, and other factors. To identify drug candidates that can promote melanin synthesis in cells, we screened an epigenetic modulator library consisting of 141 cell-permeable, small molecule drugs. B16/F10 murine melanoma cells were treated with each drug at 0.1 𝜇M and melanin synthesis and cell viability were subsequently monitored. As a result, (-)-neplanocin A, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), and DZNep hydrochloride were found to increase cellular melanin synthesis without causing cytotoxicity. Because these three structurally related drugs exhibited similar dose-dependent effects on melanin synthesis and cell viability, DZNep was selected as a representative drug for additional experiments. DZNep increased intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity. DZNep also induced the expression of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) at the mRNA and protein levels. DZNep also induced the mRNA and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanin synthesis. DZNep is a specific inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and it caused the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine that inhibits histone methyltransferases in cells. This study suggests that melanogenesis can be modulated by targeting S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in certain cellular contexts.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.197-220
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• 2005

This paper examined the structure of internet bookstore users' subjectivity by focusing on their beliefs, values and attitudes.0 methodology was utilized for the study. After constituting 36 Q sample and 28 P sample, data were collect from April 15, 2005 to April 22 2005. The analyses showed 3 types of subjectivity structures. The first one was 'the economic benefit-seeking type.' Those in this type were motivated to use internet bookstores to achieve economic benefits. They paid more attention to the Prices discounted than the web site contents provided by internet bookstores. This type was conspicuously found among college students. The second one was the 'information-seeking type.' People in this category made visits to internet bookstores in order to obtain new information or professional materials. This type was dominantly found among women. The third one was the 'convenience-seeking type.' Those in this type were concerned not only with the accessibility and convenience, but also with such practical issues as delivery, price, applicability, payment, and bonus. This type was conspicuously observed among white collar workers. These findings suggests that in order to make internet bookstores more attractive to users, it is demanded to understand various needs held by users and map out sophisticated marketing strategies on the basis of such a knowledge.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2020

Background: Dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) have been commonly used to estimate radiation-dose absorption by human organs based on physical measurements of fluence or kerma. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has reported a library of DCCs, but few studies have been conducted on their applicability to non-Caucasian populations. In the present study, we collected a total of 8 Korean pediatric and adult voxel phantoms to calculate the organ DCCs for idealized external photon-irradiation geometries. Materials and Methods: We adopted one pediatric female phantom (ETRI Child), two adult female phantoms (KORWOMAN and HDRK Female), and five adult male phantoms (KORMAN, ETRI Man, KTMAN1, KTMAN2, and HDRK Man). A general-purpose Monte Carlo radiation transport code, MCNPX2.7 (Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport extended version 2.7), was employed to calculate the DCCs for 13 major radiosensitive organs in six irradiation geometries (anteroposterior, posteroanterior, right lateral, left lateral, rotational, and isotropic) and 33 photon energy bins (0.01-20 MeV). Results and Discussion: The DCCs for major radiosensitive organs (e.g., lungs and colon) in anteroposterior geometry agreed reasonably well across the 8 Korean phantoms, whereas those for deep-seated organs (e.g., gonads) varied significantly. The DCCs of the child phantom were greater than those of the adult phantoms. A comparison with the ICRP Publication 116 data showed reasonable agreements with the Korean phantom-based data. The variations in organ DCCs were well explained using the distribution of organ depths from the phantom surface. Conclusion: A library of dose conversion coefficients for major radiosensitive organs in a series of pediatric and adult Korean voxel phantoms was established and compared with the reference data from the ICRP. This comparison showed that our Korean phantom-based data agrees reasonably with the ICRP reference data.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.29
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• pp.443-464
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• 1998

21세기를 맞이하여 대학도서관은 정보기술의 도입, 업무내용의 변화, 이용자의 요구변화등 급격하게 변화하는 새로운 환경에 직면해 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 대학도서관 조직구조의 현황에 대한 분석과 함께 다양한 조직이론들과 정보환경의 변화에 기초해서 도서관조직을 활성화시키기위한 개념적인 조직모델을 제시하고자 한다. 한국의 대학도서관은 거의 10년동안 법적인 제약과 조직내외의 환경적인 한계 등으로 인해 전산화시스템의 도입, 도서관부관장의 임명, 그리고 도서관과 컴퓨터 센터와의 통합시도와 같은 약간의 변화외에는 거의 변화가 없었다. 전형적인 한국의 대학도서관은 수서, 기술서비스, 열람과 참고봉사 부문으로 조직되었다. 여기서 수서 기능을 기술서비스의 부문으로 간주한다면, 본 연구의 대상인 대학도서관 114개관 중 95개관(82.5%)이 전통적인 도서관조직의 형태인 기술서비스와 공공서비스 부문으로 조직된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 전통적인 도서관조직의 문제점들을 급복할 수 있는 21세기의 개념적인 대학도서관 조직모델로서, 네가지 부문 - 서비스 부문, 서비스지원 부문, 기술지원 부문, 그리고 통합·조정부문-을 대학도서관의 개념적인 기본 구성요소로써 제안하였다. 그러나 모든 도서관의 서비스나 업무과정에 대해 적합한 잉상적인 조직구조는 없으며, 조직의 재조직과정은 도서관의 형태와 목적, 업무과정에 따라 매우 다양하다. 따라서 도서관의 재조직화는 환경의 변화에 따라 끊임없는 과정이 될 것이며, 도서관조직의 성공은 이러한 변화에 적응할 수 있는 개인과 조직의 역량에 달려있다고 하겠다.대한 순서에 있어서 차이가 있다. 4) 도서관에 대한 태도에 있어서 두 집단은 상이한 입장을 보이고 있다. 학자들의 과반수는 중요 정보원으로서 자신의 개인장서를 활용하며, 도서관의 장서 및 그 조직방법에 대해서도 별로 만족하지를 못하고 있다. 반면에, 실무가들은 도서관에 대하여 비교적 만족하며 따라서 도서관에 대한 이용도도 높다. 5) 두 집단 모두 보조인을 적극적으로 활용하지 않으며 사서의 도움을 받는 경우도 극소수에 불과하다. 이러한 조사결과를 기초로 하여 볼 때 법률전문직을 둘러싼 정보환경을 개선하기 위하여는, 인쇄된 일차적 정보자료의 검색방법등을 개선하고, 나아가서는 법령과 판례정보를 위한 효율적인 시스템을 구축하며, 뿐만 아니라 이용자의 요구에 충분히 대처할 수 잇는 도서관으로 변화되는 것이다. 이와 함께 가장 중요한 것은 법과대학과 사법연수원에서 법학 연구방법에 관한 강좌를 개설하여 각종 법률정보원의 활용 내지 도서관 이용방법에 관하여 교육하는 것이다.글을 연구하고, 그 결과에 의존하여서 우리의 실제의 생활에 사용하는 $\boxDr$한국어사전$\boxUl$등을 만드는 과정에서, 어떤 의미에서 실험되었다고 말할 수가 있는 언어과학의 연구의 결과에 의존하여서 수행되는 철학적인 작업이다. 여기에서는 하나의 철학적인 연구의 시작으로 받아들여지는 이 의미분석의 문제를 반성하여 본다. 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.크기에 의존하며, 또한 이러한 영향은 $(Ti_{1-x}AI_{x})N$ 피막에 존재하는 AI의 함량이 높고, 초기에

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.111-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify the citing behaviors of researchers in the field of mechanical engineering. It tries to verify if there is a significant difference on citing behavior of researchers between the past and the present with dissertations produced in P University as samples. For the comparison, years 1996 and 2004 are selected for the citation analysis. It analyzed four aspects, such as types of resources cited, languages used in cited documents, years since their publication of cited documents, and the journals indexed in SCI. The results of the analysis are; First, journals are the most cited than any other types of information resources. The citation of WWW resources which are gradually increasing for research is not shown in 1996, but there were some cited in 2004. Second, doctoral candidates usually cite document in English for their study. Statistics show that the use of resources in Japanese is on the decrease. Third, doctoral candidates in the discipline prefer materials published within 4-7 years, 8-11 years rather than 0-3 years since their publication. Last, journals indexed in SCI among the citation in dissertations are about 33 percent for both 1996 and 2004.