• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the change of inner roads responding to the street system and to examine the how to influence to communal space of village focused on 22 existing old settlements in downtown Cheong Ju. This study examined the types of inner roads based on advanced research. For the research on communal space, interviews with the residents living in the village were conducted to figure out the location and function of it. Also, it was analyzed comparatively with the present communal space. The results are as followings: the width of an inner road has a effect to function of an inner road when flow of an inner road has kept. The function of inner road has been kept when the width of an inner road expanded as pedestrians should be given priority to vehicular traffic. However, the function of inner roads has been changed and the community has been separated when the width of inner roads expanded for vehicular. Because the location of the communal space in the village is affected by the change of the inner road, when the inner road is maintained, the location of the communal space is also maintained, but when the inner road is changed, the location of the communal space is also changed. The communal spaces such as public wells and wash spaces have lost and they have been substituted with senior citizen centers or community centers.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.397-420
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• 2011

In this paper we study the structure of closed weakly dense ideals in Privalov spaces $N^p$ (1 < p < $\infty$) of holomorphic functions on the disk $\mathbb{D}$ : |z| < 1. The space $N^p$ with the topology given by Stoll's metric [21] becomes an F-algebra. N. Mochizuki [16] proved that a closed ideal in $N^p$ is a principal ideal generated by an inner function. Consequently, a closed subspace E of $N^p$ is invariant under multiplication by z if and only if it has the form $IN^p$ for some inner function I. We prove that if $\cal{M}$ is a closed ideal in $N^p$ that is dense in the weak topology of $N^p$, then $\cal{M}$ is generated by a singular inner function. On the other hand, if $S_{\mu}$ is a singular inner function whose associated singular measure $\mu$ has the modulus of continuity $O(t^{(p-1)/p})$, then we prove that the ideal $S_{\mu}N^p$ is weakly dense in $N^p$. Consequently, for such singular inner function $S_{\mu}$, the quotient space $N^p/S_{\mu}N^p$ is an F-space with trivial dual, and hence $N^p$ does not have the separation property.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.243-246
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• 1988

Let M(z)=exp (-1+z/1-z) be the unit singular inner function. See [1] or [2] for the basic facts about inner functions. We define the iterations of M9z) as (Fig.) Since the composition M$_{2}$(z)=M.M(z) is known (see [5] for example) to be singular inner function it has the "cannonical" representation (Fig.) where .mu. is a finite, positive singular Borel measure on the unit circle T. In section 2, we have explicit cannonical representation of M$_{2}$(z) by determining the singular measure .mu. In section 3 we show that (Fig.) These facts might have been known but could not be found in the literature.iterature.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2007

A new level set based topology optimization employing inner-front creation algorithm is presented. In the conventional level set based topology optimization, the optimum topology strongly depends on the initial level set distribution due to the incapability of inner-front creation during optimization process. In the present work, in this regard, an inner-front creation algorithm is proposed. in which the sizes. shapes. positions, and number of new inner-fronts during the optimization process can be globally and consistently identified by considering both the value of a given criterion for inner-front creation and the occupied volume (area) of material domain. To facilitate the inner-front creation process, the inner-front creation map which corresponds to the discrete valued criterion of inner-front creation is applied to the level set function. In order to regularize the design domain during the optimization process, the edge smoothing is carried out by solving the edge smoothing partial differential equation (PDE). Updating the level set function during the optimization process, in the present work, the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) is employed. As demonstrative examples for the flexibility and usefulness of the proposed method. the level set based topology optimization considering lightweight design of 3D shell structure is carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.94-103
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• 1993

In this work, the imaginary part of the inner modulation transfer function of the cutting dynamics is introduced for tool wear monitoring. Time-series method is utilized to construct the general three dimensional cutting dynamics whose imaginary part of the inner modulation transfer funcition shows the proportionality to tool wear at the natural frequency of the machine tool dynamics. Thus model is reduced to single-input single-output model without altering the proportionality characteristics to tool wear and implemented to the dual computer system in which one computer performs measurement while the other calculates the imaginary part of the inner modulation transfer function of the cutting dynamics by the batch least square method. The values of the imaginary part at the natural requency of the machine tool structure in the cutting direction are compared to the one calculated during machining with a brand new tool to decide the current status of the tool. The experiments shows the relevance of the proposed concept.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1229-1236
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• 2009

We introduce two kinds of quasi-inner functions. Since every rationally invariant subspace for a shift operator S$_K$ on a vector-valued Hardy space H$^2$(${\Omega}$, K) is generated by a quasi-inner function, we also provide relationships of quasi-inner functions by comparing rationally invariant subspaces generated by them. Furthermore, we discuss fundamental properties of quasi-inner functions and quasi-inner divisors.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2005

We have extended the $H^p$ space and estabilished the derivative of inner functions, Blaschke product on weighted Hardy spaces for the unit disc in complex plane.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2008

This is an extended version of the paper [K] of the author. The average formulas on the circles and disks around arbitrary points of Nevanlinna counting functions of holomorphic self-maps of the unit disk, given in terms of the boundary values of the selfmaps, are shown to give another characterization of the whole class or a special subclass of inner functions in terms of Nevanlinna counting function in addition to the previous applications to Rudin's orthogonal functions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2007

In the present work, topology optimization method using adaptive inner-front level set method is presented. In the conventional level set based topology optimization method, there exists an incapability for inner-front creation during optimization process. In this regard, as a new attempt to avoid and to overcome the limitation, an inner-front creation algorithm is proposed. In the inner-front creation algorithm, the strain energy density of a structure along with volume constraint is considered. Especially, to facilitate the inner-front creation process during the optimization process, the inner-front creation map which corresponds to the discrete valued function of strain energy density is constructed. In the evolution of the level set function during the optimization process, the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) is employed. As an application to shell structures, the lightweight design of doubly curved shell and segmented mirror is carried out.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.449-452
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• 2020

The inner ear is a complex and delicate structure composed of the cochlea and the vestibular system. To maintain normal auditory function, strict homeostasis of the inner ear is needed. A proper immune response against infection, thus, is crucial. Also, since excessive immune reaction can easily damage the normal architecture within the inner ear, the immune response should be fine regulated. The exact mechanism how the inner ear's immune response, specifically the innate immunity, is regulated was unknown. Recently, we reported a protein selectively localized in the inner ear during bacterial infection, named cochlin, as a possible mediator of such regulation. In this review, the immunological function of cochlin and the mechanism behind its role within inner ear immunity is summarized. Cochlin regulates innate immunity by physically entrapping pathogens within scala tympani and recruiting innate immune cells. Such mechanism enables efficient removal of pathogen while preserving the normal inner ear structure from inflammatory damage.