• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to classify individualism-collectivism orientation into groups and analyze the difference of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management by the groups. Questionnaires were administered to 376 adults in 20's and 30's living in Deagu and Kyungbook area through June 10~June 20, 2013. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, t-test, and $X^2$-test were used for data analysis. Survey method was used to collect data for this study and the measures such as individualism-collectivism orientation, fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management consisted of 5-point Likerties scale. Individualism-collectivism orientation was categorized into collectivism, competition consciousness, love of family, and individual focus. Fashion leadership were found as opinion leadership, double leader, and innovator. Expected values of appearance management were found as pleasure/individuality, other consciousness, and conformity. This indicates that women showed high opinion leader, double leader, and innovator of fashion leadership and pleasure/individuality, and conformity of expected values of appearance management while men care more about competition consciousness, love of family, and individuality focus of individualism-collectivism orientation. Individualism-collectivism orientation showed significant correlation with the sub-variable of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management. Individualism-collectivism orientation were classified into three groups such as competition collectivism, individuality, and low individual-collectivism. A test of significance in groups was determined by demographic variables like gender, age, occupancy and monthly income. Groups showed significant difference in fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.17-32
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between lifestyles and clothing purchasing behavior. The questionnaire was administered to 644 females aged 30∼40 in Taegu during April 21 to April 26 of 1997. Data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, reliability test, MANOVA, and ANDVA by suing SPss package. 1. The lifestyles of the respondents were classified into fived types such as consumption oriented, economics-oriented, achievement-oriented, family-oriented, and conservative-oriented type. And clothing purchasing behavior was classified into six categories such as individuality, convenience, economy, ostentation, decorums, and practicality. 2. The results of lifestyle and clothing purchasing behavior analysis were as follows ; 1) All of five positive groups of consumption·economics·achievement·family and conservative-oriented type had an inclination for economy and individuality. And some differences were found according to the consumers, interest even in the same lifestyle. 2) The positive groups of consumption oriented type thought much of individuality and ostentation but on the other hand the passive group thought much of practicality. 3) The positive groups of consumption oriented, and family-oriented types except economics oriented and conservative oriented types took up a strong attitude toward ostentation, and ostentation was found in passive group of the conservative-oriented type. 4) The positive group of economics-oriented, achievement-oriented and conservative-oriented types except consumption-oriented and family-oriented types had great concern for practicality in the case of clothing purchasing behavior. But also the passive group of conservative-oriented types had an inclination for practicality. 5) Generally five types of lifestyles and clothing purchasing behavior showed that all types had the greatest concern for economy and individuality, and common for practicality and ostentation. And all of five types had partial concern for convenience and showed no differences for decorums.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.201-213
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• 1999

In this study, an attempt was made to classify the new generation by the conciousness of fashion and to make out positioning map, for brands of which each of the classified groups were aware. It's also intended to show a strategy brand marketing strategy by comparing the attribues that they considered important. The subjects of this study were gatheres into stratified sample groups from women whose age were ranged from 18 to 24 in Taejon. The subject brands of this study were Nice Claup. Y'sb. SYSTEM. i.n.v.u. On & On. EnC. ZOOC and Tomboy. which were selected because of high awareness. The results of this study were as below: 1. The new generation was grouped into a individuality-oriented group and an utility-oriented group. 2. As a result of analyzing brand image similarity, it's found that each group perceived the similarity differently. The individuality-oriented group perceived brand differentially more than the utility-oriented group. 3. concerning brand image preference, the individuality-oriented group preferred EnC most in light of self-expression and fashion, and preferred ZOOC most in view of utility. What was most preferred by the utility-oriented group was EnC in view of fashion and quality and ZOOC in the aspect of fashion, quality, price and design. 4. Regarding satisfaction level at brand image attributes, both of the groups showed satisfaction at On & On and Y'sb in light of self-expression. The individuality-oriented group was contented with SYSTEM's price and Nice Claup's utility and quality. 5. As a result of analyzing the groups' demographic variables, age and monthly mean income made a significant difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the style and the color of jacket, the style of shirt, and stimulus-manufacturing method on men's image perception. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used, and the experimental design was $2{\times}2{\times}2{\times}2$ (jacket style${\times}$jacket color${\times}$shirt style${\times}$stimulus-manufacturing method) factorial design. Computer simulation picture and photograph were used for stimulus-manufacturing method. Subjects were 377 women in the metropolitan area of Seoul. The data were analyzed by using factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-reliability coefficient, and three-way ANOVA. The men's image derived five dimensions by factor analysis; neatness, ability, activity, individuality, and sociability. Tailored jacket with jean pants was evaluated higher in ability, individuality, and sociality than jumper with jean pants, and jumper was evaluated higher than tailored jacket in activity. The indigo jacket was evaluated lower in individuality in the picture stimuli than in the photograph stimuli. The beige tailored jacket with jean pants was evaluated higher in activity than indigo tailored jacket. However, the indigo jumper was evaluated higher in activity than beige jumper. Dress shirt under the tailored jacket was evaluated higher in ability and individuality than T-shirt under the tailored jacket. T-shirt under the jumper was evaluated higher in activity than dress shirt.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2008

Recently, as the increase in interaction between the person and the person, the people plentifully use the business card to exchange personal information. So, the people have many business cards. Thus, the people are liable to lose the business cards and finding a wanted business card is very difficult in the huge business cards in offline. And, the people think the business card is a way, which can express individuality. So, the people want to have the business card, which has individuality. Thus, this paper proposes the card system, which is satisfied to solve many problems of the card system in offline and express individuality. The proposed business card system can produce various business cards and puts contents such as video, photo, voice into business cards via mobile devices in anywhere, anytime. Also, this business card system follows the vCard format, which is a file format standard for personal data interchange. Finally, we provide with content-based business card retrieval using video and photo inserted into business cards. Thus, this paper proposes the hybrid business card system, which is satisfied to produce business cards expressed individuality and follows the vCard format.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the types and the colors of men's casual wear, hairstyles, and the methods of stimulus manufacture on men's image perception. The subjects were 360 women from the metropolitan area of Seoul. The clothing types used for the study were a sweater and a jumper(casual jacket) with jean pants. The clothing colors were beige, indigo, and red. Two hairstyles, the short and the medium length hairs, were compared. Two types of stimuli, the photograph and the computer simulation picture, were used. The results of the factor analysis disclosed five dimensions on men's image: neatness, individuality, ability, activity, and sociability. In general, the photograph stimuli were evaluated more positively in activity, individuality, and sociability than the picture stimuli. The sweaters were perceived higher in ability, activity, and sociability than the jumpers. The Indigo color was evaluated as neat. The medium length hairstyles were perceived as neat and the short hairstyles were perceived as sociable. The jumpers were evaluated lower in individuality in the picture stimuli than in the photograph stimuli. The beige and indigo colors were evaluated to be neater in the picture stimuli than in the photograph. When using the picture stimuli, the men's image wearing the sweaters with the medium length hairstyles were evaluated lower in individuality. When using the photograph stimuli, the men's image wearing the sweater with the short hairstyles were evaluated higher in activity. Men's image wearing the indigo jumper and the beige sweater with medium length hairs were evaluated as high in neatness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.518-532
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between women's self-image and the preference and the wearing frequency of knit-wears, and to examine the characteristics of the design elements that influence the preferred knit-wear images. The subjects were 277 female college students and working women living in metropolitan area of Seoul. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$-reliability coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Four dimensions of women's self-images were derived by factor analysis; elegance, conservativeness, individuality, and maturity. Women with conservative self-image preferred simple knit-wears and women with high rate for individuality preferred splendid and sporty knit-wears. Women with elegant self-image disliked sporty knit-wears. Women with conservative self-image preferred white, and those who rated their self-image to be individuality preferred various colors including yellow, blue, green, purple, pink, and sky-blue. Women with mature self-image preferred black and beige. Women with individuality as their self-image preferred jacquard pattern and abstract pattern. There was a higher wearing frequency for all four seasons for women with conservative self-image, and there was higher wearing frequency in the winter for those with elegant self-images. Women who preferred simple knit-wears showed preference for single color with no prints and low chroma color, and those who preferred sporty knit-wears showed preference for elastic materials. Women who preferred neat and elegant knit-wears showed preference for argyle check pattern.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

This study examines the effects of Chinese consumers' lifestyles on pursuing the benefits and purchase intentions for athleisure wear. Chinese female consumers aged 20 to 40 in Shanghai and Chengdu, who have purchased athleisure wear were selected for a survey, and 510 questionnaires were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Factor analysis, reliability verification, regression analysis, and discrete analysis were performed. As a result, Chinese consumers' lifestyles were classified into three categories: 'personality orientation', 'show-off orientation', and 'health orientation'. There were four benefits: 'situation pursuit', 'practicality pursuit', 'fashion style pursuit', and 'appearance pursuit' for athleisure wear. Among the lifestyle types of Chinese consumers, "individuality-oriented" showed a positive effect on "pursuit of practicality", "pursuit of situation", "pursuit of fashion style", and "pursuit of appearance" among the benefits of pursuing athleisure wear. Next, among lifestyle types, 'show-off orientation' showed a positive effect on 'individuality' and 'appearance pursuit'. Finally, among lifestyle types, 'health-oriented' showed a positive effect on 'pursuit of practicality' and 'pursuit of appearance'. On the other hand, Chinese consumers' lifestyle types of "show-off," "health-oriented," and "individuality-oriented" all exhibited a significant impact on their purchase intention for athleisure wear. According to age groups and location, there is no significant difference in terms of 'lifestyle', 'athleisure wear pursuit benefits' and 'purchase intention'. Compared married women and unmarried women, it was found that unmarried women value their health and leisure, while those with a lower their educational background, considered the lifestyle of "individuality-oriented" and "show-off-oriented", as well as "situation-pursuit", "practicality", and "fashion style pursuit".

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1361-1378
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• 2010

This paper argues that it is possible to construct an analogy of the literary fragment to an organic individual on the basis of an autonomous system of organic unity by reading William Wordsworth's ways of self-writing in The Prelude. The organicity of a fragment is borrowed from Friedrich Schlegel's theoretic and literary approach to the Romantic fragment. Focusing primarily on the two "spots of time" in Book Twelfth, I attempt to formulate a reciprocal relationship between a work of art and a literary autobiographer in terms of the self-generativity of the fragment. To be precise, both the fragment and the autobiographical project presuppose and at the same time depend on the engendering force of an organic unity and its resistance to discontinuity, which ironically affirms the persistent threat of disruption and death. Rewriting traumatic childhood experiences as rites of passage into adulthood, the two specified "spots of time" show the dominant mode of memory operative in the poem. Asserting the prominence of the individual as the very vehicle of realizing universal humanity, Wordsworth tries to re-form his individuality grounded in his childhood memories in a literary fashion. Under the premise that the poet is remembered by his posterity, The Prelude is constituted and reconstituted in conjunction with different versions of each memory. The poem also marks the poet's unachieved project of writing a philosophical poem, namely, The Recluse; for this very reason, The Prelude, which is complete in itself, points to an eternal work in progress, turning the truth of every fragment complete in its incompletion. As a trope of fragmentation, an autobiographical individuality is reformed in the poet's process of writing and re-visioning while simultaneously being dispersed once again between words, sentences, and pages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.584-598
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• 2018

This study classified respondents by consumption value and analyzed differences in the purchase behavior of men's suits among consumption value groups. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance were conducted in order to analyze research problems. Factor analysis results showed that male consumption values included safety-oriented value, individuality-oriented value, others-oriented value, pleasure-oriented value, aesthetic-oriented value, low price-oriented value, community-oriented value, utility-oriented value, innovation-oriented value, and self-expression oriented value. The study divided respondents into personal satisfaction pursuit group, beauty & functionality pursuit group, individuality pursuit group, and others-oriented & low cost preference group according to consumption value. There were significant differences in selection criteria for men's suit (product image, physical properties of product, and brand name), selection reasons of brand (fashion & ostentation, individuality, and refinement), store attributes (store environment/salesperson service, reputation/additional service, and product assortment/shopping convenience).