• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.633-635
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• 2019

In this note we show that Lorentzian Concircular Structure manifolds $(LCS)_n$ coincide with Generalized Robertson-Walker space-times.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.323-332
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• 2017

Homology-specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing, an intrinsic mechanism of gene regulation in most eukaryotes, can be induced by anti-sense, co-suppression, or hairpin-based double-stranded RNA. Hairpin-based RNA interference (RNAi) has been applied to analyze gene function and genetically modify crops. However, RNAi vector construction usually requires high-cost cloning steps and large amounts of time, or involves methods that are protected by intellectual property rights. We describe a more effective method for generating intron-spliced RNAi constructs. To produce intron-spliced hairpin RNA, an RNAi cassette was ligated with the first intron and splicing sequences of the Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis histone deacetylase 1 gene. This method requires a single ligation of the PCR-amplified target gene to SpeI-NcoI and SacI-BglII enzyme sites to create a gene-specific silencing construct. We named the resulting binary vector system pKHi and verified its functionality by constructing a vector to silence DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE (DFR), transforming it into tobacco plants, and confirming DFR gene-silencing via PCR, RT-qPCR, and analysis of the accumulation of small interfering RNAs. Reduction of anthocyanin biosynthesis was also confirmed by analyzing flower color of the transgenic tobacco plants. This study demonstrates that small interfering RNAs generated through the pKHi vector system can efficiently silence target genes and could be used in developing genetically modified crops.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

Bounded linear operators defined from a space with vector norm into (LF)-complete vector lattice are represented by Hellinger integration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.491-495
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• 1997

In this paper, an effective mount design method using vector synthesis is presented for two mount systems. For designing mount stiffnesses effectively, we perform a sensitivity analysis, i.e, identify the contribution rate of an input component vector to the total output vector. Especially, we show that it is necessary to takea phase sensitivity into consideration in case of two mount systems, such as the excavator mount systems having engine mounts and cabin mounts. THe proposed method is testified is testified through an test bed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2003

Let V be a localizing infinite-dimensional complex Banach space. Let X be a flag manifold of finite flags either of finite codimensional closed linear subspaces of V or of finite dimensional linear subspaces of V. Let E be a holomorphic vector bundle on X with finite rank. Here we prove that E is uniform, i.e. that for any two lines $D_1$ R in the same system of lines on X the vector bundles E$\mid$D and E$\mid$R have the same splitting type.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1163-1173
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce the condition (I) (cf. Section 2) and prove that there is no nontrivial tangential holomorphic vector field of a certain hypersurface of infinite type in ${\mathbb{C}}^2$.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2020

This study is dedicated to the dynamic elasticity problem for a semi-strip. The semi-strip is loaded by the dynamic load at the center of its short edge. The conditions of fixing are given on the lateral sides of the semi-strip. The initial problem is reduced to one-dimensional problem with the help of Laplace's and Fourier's integral transforms. The one-dimensional boundary problem is formulated as the vector boundary problem in the transform's domain. Its solution is constructed as the superposition of the general solution for the homogeneous vector equation and the partial solution for the inhomogeneous vector equation. The matrix differential calculation is used for the deriving of the general solution. The partial solution is constructed with the help of Green's matrix-function, which is searched as the bilinear expansion. The case of steady-state oscillations is considered. The problem is reduced to the solving of the singular integral equation. The orthogonalization method is applied for the calculations. The stress state of the semi-strip is investigated for the different values of the frequency.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.536-543
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• 1995

Multicopy integration vector is a very useful vector system in that they can be integrated into chromosomal DNA in several copies and stably maintained under non-selective conditions. To develop a multicopy integration vector system in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, P-type ribosomal DNA was cloned from Y lipolytica. A HindIII-BglII fragment of the cloned rDNA and a promoterless URA3 gene were inserted into pGEM1, generating multicopy integration vectors, pMIYL-1 and pMIYL-2. The rDNA fragment is for targeted homologous recombination between the vector and the chromosomal DNA of Y. lipolytica, and the promoterless URA3 gene is a defective selection marker for inducing multicopy integration. pMIYL-1 and pMIYL-2 have an unique restriction enzyme site, KpnI, and two unique restriction enzyme sites, KpnI and EcoRI, repectively, which can be used for targeting of the vectors into the rDNA of Y. lipolytica chromosomal DNA. After transformation of the vectors into Y. lipolytica, copy number and stability were analyzed by Southern hybridization. The vectors were found to be present in less than 5 copies per cell and were stably maintained during growth in non-selective media.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

The knock-in efficiency in the fibroblast is very important to produce transgenic domestic animal using nuclear transfer. In this research, we constructed three kinds of different knock-in vectors to study the efficiency of knock-in depending on structure of knock-in vector with different size of homologous arm on the ${\beta}-casein$ gene locus in the somatic cells; DT-A_cEndo Knock-in vector, DT-A_tEndo Knock-in vector I, and DT-A_tEndo Knock-in vector II. The knock-in vector consists of 4.8 kb or 1.06 kb of 5' arm region and 1.8 kb or 0.64 kb of 3' arm region, and neomycin resistance gene(neor) as a positive selection marker gene. The cEndo Knock-in vector had 4.8 kb and 1.8 kb homologous arm. The tEndo Knock-in vector I had 1.06 kb and 0.64 kb homologous arm and tEndo Knock-in vector II had 1.06 kb and 1.8 kb homologous arm. To express endostatin gene as transgene, the F2A sequence was fused to the 5' terminal of endostatin gene and inserted into exon 7 of the ${\beta}-casein$ gene. The knock-in vector and TALEN were introduced into the bovine fibroblast by electroporation. The knock-in efficiencies of cEndo, tEndo I, and tEndo II vector were 4.6%, 2.2% and 4.8%, respectively. These results indicated that size of 3' arm in the knock-in vector is important for TALEN-mediated homologous recombination in the fibroblast. In conclusion, our knock-in system may help to create transgenic dairy cattle expressing human endostatin protein via the endogenous expression system of the bovine ${\beta}-casein$ gene in the mammary gland.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.503-508
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• 2004

This paper proposes an efficient computation method for fixed and mixed polarity Reed -Muller function vector over Galois field GF(p). Function vectors of fixed polarity Heed Muller function with single variable can be generated by proposed method. The n-variable function vectors can be calculated by means of the Kronecker product of a single variable function vector corresponding to each variable. Thus, all fixed and mixed polarity Reed-Muller function vectors are calculated directly without using a polarity function vector table or polarity coefficient matrix.