• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.194-202
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• 2021

The leaves of Selaginella tamariscina were used for the treatment of many diseases in traditional medicine. In the study, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of the hot-water extract(STW) and 80%ethanol extract(STE) obtained from S. tamariscina were evaluated. As a result, the polyphenol content of STW and STE were 38.108±0.766 mg/g and 17.927±1.064 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities with the IC50 values of the STW were over 2 times lower than that of the STE. In the MTT assay, RAW264.7 cell viability of two extracts was decreased by about 6% at 1 mg/mL, whereas for HaCaT cell viability increased by 18% at 50 ㎍/mL. In addition, STW and STE suppressed the production of nitric oxide(NO), Tumor-necrosis(TNF)-��. COX-2 and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the STE showed wound healing effect through the promotion of skin cell migration in TNF-�� stimulated human keratinocytes. These results indicated that the STW and STE have the potential to be used as a new cosmetic active ingredients in skin care.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Lonicera Japonica Thunberg (LJT) on the inflammatory factor expression associated with atherosclerosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: After treatment with LJT in HUVEC which is treated with TNF-α, we measured the expression levels of biomarkers (MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, KLF2, and eNOS), mRNA (CCL2, ICAM1, VCAM1, KLF2, and NOS3), and the proteins (MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, KLF2, eNOS, ERK, JNK, and p38). Results: 1. Compared to the control, LJT significantly reduced MCP-1 and VCAM-1 levels at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 ㎍/ml and ICAM-1 expression at 200 and 400 ㎍/ml compared to the control. It increased KLF2 levels at all three concentrations, but not significantly, while eNOS expression was significantly increased at 400 ㎍/ml. 2. LJT was seen to significantly reduce the expression of CCL2, ICAM1, and VCAM1 mRNA at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 ㎍/ml compared to the control. In contrast, significantly increased KLF2 and NOS3 mRNA levels were observed at 400 ㎍/ml and at 200 and 400 ㎍/ml, respectively. 3. Compared to the control, LJT significantly reduced the protein expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1 at 200 and 400 ㎍/ml and of ICAM-1 at 400 ㎍/ml. In addition, it increased both KLF2 and eNOS protein levels at 200 and 400 ㎍/ml. Although LJT did not have an effect on ERK expression in comparison with the control, it significantly reduced JNK levels at 200 and 400 ㎍/ml and p38 levels at 400 ㎍/ml. Conclusions: These results suggest that LJT has an effect on the inhibition of inflammatory factor expression associated with atherosclerosis in HUVECs which could contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.706-714
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• 2021

Chemical scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered a major mechanism of antioxidant effects, but preventing ROS generation can be more efficient in attenuating oxidative damage. In this study, the extracts of plants, Solanum lycopersicum, Ailanthus altissima, Equisetum arvense, and Oenothera biennis, were tested to determine whether their antioxidative effects are driven by the prevention of superoxide generation from mitochondria, a major ROS generator. While all the extracts efficiently attenuated the elevation of ROS levels in human fibroblasts and inflammation-induced mice, those of S. lycopersicum, A. altissima, and O. laciniata only suppressed mitochondrial ROS generation and reduced levels of lipofuscin and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the extracts of A. altissima and O. laciniata extended the lifespan of fruit flies. Our results suggest that plant extracts with anti-oxidative effects differ in their ability to prevent ROS generation, which may be associated with the attenuation of oxidative damage in cells and animal tissues.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.236-243
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle effect of the black carrot(BC) extracted by supercritical dioxide(SC-CO₂). DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging and total polyphenol contents were measured to investigate the anti-oxidant activity of the BC supercritical extract. Collagen production and MMP-1 expression were assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts(NHDF) for anti-wrinkle activity, The black carrot extract showed the highest total phenolic content(9.037±1.123 mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH and ABTS assay. The supercritical fluid extracts of black carrot exhibited low toxicity to NHDF cells. In addition, the supercritical fluid extracts showed MMP-1 inhibition and type I pro-collagen synthesis inducing activities in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that the black carrot is a potential source of high anti-oxidative, solvent-free and anti-aging material with promising applications in cosmetic, food, and beauty-food industries.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Fucoidan is a physiologically functional ingredient extracted from seaweed brown algae, which is a sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose as a main molecule backbone. Fucoidan has a variety of immune-modulating or -stimulating effects, including promoting antigen uptake and enhancing anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor effects. In addition, recent studies have suggested the possibility of use of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant in the field of human vaccine. Use of fucoidan as supplementary feeds have already been studied, but the development of fucoidan as an adjuvant of fish vaccine is still premature. However, the intracellular uptake of fucoidan differs depending on the molecular weight of fucoidan, and there is a limit to the study on specific immune response including the production of antibodies to fish caused by an artificial infection of pathogen. Although the safety of fucoidan has been demonstrated in animal cells, there is a need to confirm the safety of fucoidan in fish. Therefore, active research in this field is needed to use fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. This study discussed the effects of fucoidan on immune stimulation, humoraland cellular- immunity including humans and animals. The prospect of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant in fisheries also reviewed.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2018

O-2-$^{18}F$-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine ($[^{18}F]FET$) has been widely used for glioblastomas (GBM) in clinical practice, although evaluation of its applicability in non-clinical research is still lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the value of $[^{18}F]FET$ for treatment evaluation and prognosis prediction of anti-angiogenic drug in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. Human U87MG cells were implanted into nude mice and then bevacizumab, a representative anti-angiogenic drug, was administered. We monitored the effect of anti-angiogenic agents using multiple imaging modalities, including bioluminescence imaging (BLI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT). Among these imaging methods analyzed, only $[^{18}F]FET$ uptake showed a statistically significant decrease in the treatment group compared to the control group (P=0.02 and P=0.03 at 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). This indicates that $[^{18}F]FET$ PET is a sensitive method to monitor the response of GBM bearing mice to anti-angiogenic drug. Moreover, $[^{18}F]FET$ uptake was confirmed to be a significant parameter for predicting the prognosis of anti-angiogenic drug (P=0.041 and P=0.007, on Days 7 and 12, respectively, on Pearson's correlation; P=0.048 and P=0.030, on Days 7 and 12, respectively, on Cox regression analysis). However, results of BLI or MRI were not significantly associated with survival time. In conclusion, this study suggests that $[^{18}F]FET$ PET imaging is a pertinent imaging modality for sensitive monitoring and accurate prediction of treatment response to anti-angiogenic agents in an orthotopic model of GBM.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2019

This study performed to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria 200 strains isolated from traditional fermented foods. Based on being higher tolerance to bile salts and showing higher acid resistance, 4 LAB Strains were selected in the screening experiment; Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 102224, Lb. plantarum SRCM102227, Lb. paracasei SRCM102329, Lb. paracasei SRCM102343. Antibacterial activity against various pathogens, acid and bile salt tolerance, hemolytic phenomenon, cell surface hydrophobicity, and antibiotic resistance were examined. Among the tested strains, SRCM 102343 (95.9%) was highly observed hydrophobicity compared to Lb. rhmanosus GG (13.4%) as control. In this study, the in vitro adhesion properties of 4 strains of LAB was investigated using human intestinal caco-2 cell cultures. SRCM102329 and SRCM102343showed higher adherence to caco-2 cells than Lb. rhamnosus GG. The antibacterial activities of 4 strains LAB were investigated. the 3 strains showing strongly antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC10798, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM11593, Listeria invanovii KCTC3444, Bacillus cereus ATCC11778 and S. enterica serovar. Typhi KCTC1926. These results suggest that selected strains have good probiotic potential for application in functional foods.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Ergothioneine has been known as an excellent antioxidant and a cellular protector against oxidative damage in vivo. In the present study, ergothioneine was demonstrated to possess antioxidant and anti-glycation activities. The radical scavenging activity of ergothioneine enhanced the viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The UVA irradiation increased the proportion of senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) positive cells in comparison with the normal control group. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDFs with ergothioneine decreased the level of SA-b-gal (by approximately 45% at an ergothioneine concentration of $400{\mu}M$) compared with the UVA-irradiated HDFs. We also found that ergothioneine inhibited production of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ergothioneine educed carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) expression in comparison to the glyoxal treatment. In addition, in the Western blot analysis, treatment of glyoxal-stimulated HDFs with ergothioneine resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the expression level of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). These results suggest that ergothioneine may have potent anti-aging effects and could be used as a cosmetic material against cellular accumulation of AGEs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1432-1437
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• 2018

Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) plays an important role in protecting the lungs from inflammation. This research focuses on identifying the cis-element for binding the repressor of CCSP gene expression. A DNase I footprinting experiment revealed three protected regions between -812 and -768 bp (45 bp) of the mCCSP promoter. One motif (D3: GCCTGGGAA) was 100% conserved across rat, hamster, and human. The addition of excess amounts of the D3 motif exhibited high competition within that 45 bp range in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. However, when mutated D3 ($G{\underline{AA}}TG{\underline{TT}}AA$) was used, the competition was significantly reduced. This demonstrates that the D3 motif within that 45 bp region of the mCCSP promoter is an important site for the protein-DNA interaction. Transient transfection assays with -756 Luc resulted in highly decreased expression of CCSP than those with -812 Luc, suggesting that the 45 bp could function as a binding site for the repressor. Co-transfection of KLF4 exhibited significant repression of the -812 Luc but not the -768 Luc which clearly shows that KLF4 might function as a repressor for the CCSP gene and also suggests that the D3 motif is strongly involved in the binding of KLF4. In addition, when anti-KLF4 antibody was added, super-shifted bands were observed. This result demonstrates that KLF4 could function as a repressor by binding to this 45 bp region of the CCSP promoter and that the D3 motif might be involved in the specific binding of KLF4.

• 기호학연구
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• no.56
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• pp.7-44
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• 2018

The objective of this paper is to propose a classification of Korean taste terms, especially Korean taste adjectives, from the perspective of cognitive science. The classification of Korean taste terms is here grounded in the definition of 'taste sense', 'flavor' and 'taste' which is usually employed in disciplines of cognitive science. There have been a large number of domestic researches in field of taste terms. Accordingly, a lot of research findings on the classification of taste terms have steadily been released showing the differences among researchers. These different classifications are largely based on the fact that researchers have applied their subjective criteria rather than their objective in order to categorize taste terms. According to previous studies, it is well-known that, in everyday usage, the term 'taste' covers a much wider range of qualities than those perceived through the taste receptor cells alone. In addition, we take it for granted that as much as 80~90% of taste comes from olfactory modality. It is also important to note that the texture and temperature of food, the color of food, the sounds of food, and atmospheric cues have an essential effect on taste perception. Many scientists have already pointed out that taste evaluations are influenced by a number of individual and sociocultural factors. Eating and tasting are important parts of our everyday life, so that linguistic approaches to taste perception seem to be of great significance. We can assume that a classification of taste terms from the perspective of cognitive sciences may shed light on the perceptive mechanism through which we perceive taste. It should be noted that this paper is an advanced work prepared for the follow-up study which will try to make a geometric model of word field 'taste terms' existing or probably existing in the mental lexicon of human beings.