• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.652-662
• /
• 2000

Most of established study about consumer behavior was directly connected abstract value with concrete purchase behavior, nevertheless several recognizable process is intervened between abstract concept and concept behavior. Of course researchers suggest hierarchical causality through means-end chain model. However empirical study is insufficient. And it's not certain whether the consumer's personal value affects actual evaluation about product attributes. Thus the purpose of this paper was to explore hierarchical causality of personal value, benefits sought and clothing product attributes and to suggest an alternative approach method. For the empircial study the data sets were collected through 150 female consumers living in Pusan and SAS and LISREL VIII were used for statistical analysis. As the result, hierarchical causality suggested by means-end chain model was positively substantiated. That is, benefits sought is differentiated according to personal value, and actual product attributes are indirectly influenced by personal value through benefits sought. Benefits sought are found to be key mediating variables.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.1755-1767
• /
• 2009

This article develops the perceived attributes of fashion goods and hierarchical structure among these attributes. In-depth interviews of 12 adult women in the exploratory research and a questionnaire survey of 472 adult women in the empirical research were conducted. The results of the research are as follows: First, a total of 5 perceived subjective attributes of fashion goods are composed of newness, mass fashionability, social compatibility, personal compatibility and self-expressiveness, and the dimensions of the five drawn attributes show a hierarchical causality rather than an equal level. Newness and mass fashionability, perception attributes effect social compatibility and personal compatibility as consequence attributes exert a direct influence on the self-expressiveness represented by value attributes. Personal compatibility and social compatibility as consequence attributes also directly effects self-expressiveness while mediating newness and mass fashionability.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2012

With regard to the culture in cities this study aims to essential understanding and systematic approach to the culture. The "2011 Seoul Survey"report has been used to find out causality among the related variables. In the first place 'satisfaction of cultural condition' was operationally selected as a dependent variable for regression. For the purpose of controlling confounding factors for ceteris paribus effect correlation analysis was done between the dependent variable and all other variables respectively, which resulted in two groups of variables: group (1) - 6 variables of very significant correlations(p-value<0.01) and (2) - the other 6 variables of significant correlations(p-value<0.05). Then hierarchical regression was adopted to these 2 groups to analyse $R^2$ increment, statistical significance of independent variables, and multicollinearity(VIF; variance inflation factor). At last a regression model specified by group (1) as independent variables(they are 'social trust', 'satisfaction of walking condition', 'happiness index', 'preparation against old age', 'satisfaction of traffic condition' and 'hours for internet') shows that only 'social trust' variable has statistically significant and substantially strong effect on 'satisfaction of cultural condition.' This finding should be accepted on the following understanding; (1) urban culture has a collective attribute formed between people and society, (2) culture is somewhat telling and hearing stories and the confidence between tellers and hearers is essential in the mutual response and (3) stimulus is received by relationship in company with sense, emotion, thinking and action. In spite of restrictive external validity this finding can be used as a direction for promoting culture and a basis for related policy choice in cities.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2013

With regard to urban culture this study aims to essential understanding and systematic approach to the culture. The "2012 Seoul Survey" report has been used to find out causality among the related variables. In the first place 'satisfaction of cultural condition' was operationally selected as a dependent variable for regression. For the purpose of controlling the third factors for ceteris paribus effect correlation analysis was previously done between the dependent variable and all other variables respectively, which resulted in two groups of variables: group (1) - 2 variables of very significant correlations(p-value<0.01) and (2) - the other 6 variables of significant correlations(p-value<0.05). Then hierarchical regression was adopted to these 2 groups to analyse statistical significance of independent variables, and multicollinearity(VIF; variance inflation factor). Additionally to OLS robust and bootstrapping regressions were done to confirm the validity of this model specification. At last a regression model specified by group (1) as independent variables(they are 'community spirit caring for women, the disabled, the poor and the old,' 'satisfaction of bicycle riding condition' shows that the variables have statistically significant and substantially strong effect on 'satisfaction of cultural condition.' This finding implies the following understanding; (1) urban festivals are regarded as the main of the urban culture as of now and this results from the low level of today's culture, (2) culture is telling and hearing stories but the influential relationship between urban culture and community spirit on the weak is negative, which says that the cultural perception among citizen is somewhat selfish and far from the essential understanding of the urban culture. In spite of restrictive external validity this finding can be used as a direction for promoting culture and a basis for related policy choice in cities.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제31권5C호
• /
• pp.534-539
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 스케일러블 비디오 코딩을 위한 새로운 프레임 예측 필터링 기법과 하드웨어 구조를 제안하였다. MCTF와 hierarchical B-picture는 비디오 프레임간의 상관성을 제거하는 기술의 일종으로 본 논문에서 다루고자 하는 대상이다. 두 기술은 시간에 대해서 비인과성 시스템에 해당하므로 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어 구현 시에 프레임 버퍼링을 위한 대기지연시간이 매우 길고 대용량의 프레임 버퍼를 요구하는 단점이 있다. 이러한 비인과성 시스템을 인과성 시스템으로 재구성하여 효율적으로 구현할 수 있는 구조를 제안하고자 한다. 동일한 연산이 반복으로 수행되는 특성을 이용하여 단위 연산을 수행할 수 있는 프레임 예측 필터링 셀(FPFC : frame prediction filtering cell)을 제안하고 이를 확장하여 전체 연산구조를 재구성하였다. 먼저, 연산의 동작 순서를 분석하고 하드웨어의 구현을 고려한 인과성을 부여한 후 단위 프레임 처리를 위한 셀을 최적화하였다. 제안한 셀의 단순한 확장을 통해서 FPFC 커널을 구성하고, 이를 이용하여 스케일러블 비디오 코딩을 위한 FPFC 프로세서를 구현하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.155-171
• /
• 2016

Background: In this study, state-owned medical institutes, industrial accident hospitals, veteran hospitals, and private medical clinics including 16 university medical institutes in the Seoul metropolitan area were selected to examine the causality of ethical management, positive psychological capital, and organizational effectiveness. Methods: The study analyzed 1,056 valid questionnaires to which a total of 1,325 nurses, medical technicians, doctors, and administrative staff in 34 healthcare organizations answered over two months from June to August 2015. The study also utilized a 'structural equation model,' and a 'hierarchical linear model' to conduct the analysis. Results: It was first found that ethical leadership, ethical management systems, and organizational ethics values, which are the three factors of ethical management, had significant influence on organizational commitment, and behavior. These are the three factors of employee organizational effectiveness. Second, ethical management, ethical leadership, ethical management systems, and organizational ethics values had significant influence on positive psychological capital. Third, positive psychological capital had significant influence on organizational commitment, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior. Positive psychological capital presented an indirect effect on the relationship between the ethical management and organizational effectiveness of employees. The effect of positive psychological capital consisting of self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism was confirmed in the healthcare organizations. Fourth, in relations among ethical management variables, ethical leadership showed a significant impact on ethical management systems, which had significant impacts on organizational ethics values, which had significant impacts on ethical leadership.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.203-220
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 창업가 웰빙의 중요성을 재조명하고, 이를 증진시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하여 검증하고 제시하는데 있다. 먼저, 문헌연구를 통해 창업가 웰빙에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하여, 긍정심리학의 배경에서 탄생한 긍정심리자본을 주요인으로 선정하였다. 그리고, 긍정심리자본과의 연관성이 예측되는 선행요인으로 진성리더십, 숙달목표지향성, 사회적지지를 선정하여 가설과 연구모형을 수립하였다. 수립된 모형의 실증적 분석을 위해, 청년창업사관학교 출신의 창업가들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 회수된 133부의 응답자료를 바탕으로 PLS구조방정식 분석과 다집단분석(PLS-MGA), 중요도-수행도 분석(IPMA)을 시행하였다. 실증분석결과, 긍정심리자본은 창업가의 웰빙과 매우 큰 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 진성리더십과 숙달목표지향성은 긍정심리자본에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만, 사회적지지의 영향에 대한 통계적 유의성은 검증되지 못했다. 창업초기와 성장기의 창업단계별 인과관계 차이는, 긍정심리자본의 하위요인에 대해서만 나타났는데, 세가지 선행요인들은 희망과 낙관주의에 대해서 각각의 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 창업기업의 성과요인 규명 등에 편중되었던 국내 창업가정신 연구주제를 확장하였다. 창업기업의 핵심 주체인 '창업가'의 정신적 웰빙과 관련된 요인을 탐색하여 수립한 인과관계 모형을 실증적으로 검증했고, 이를 통해 창업가 및 연구자, 교육자에게 실무적 통찰력의 단서를 제시했다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 '시뮬레이션 정부연습'(가칭)에서 연습 실시자의 조치사항을 평가하기 위한 척도에 관한 연구이다. 평가척도의 지표와 지표별 가중치는 조치사항으로 입력한 기관별 data를 평가하는 기준이 된다. 이것은 평가의 객관성과 일관성을 유지하여 관찰평가관의 주관적인 평가를 보완하게 된다. 그래서 평가지표는 정부연습 평가 목적, 시뮬레이션 환경에서의 측정 가능성, 객관성, 지표간의 중복성과 인과성, 평가결과를 적용하는 등급 등을 검토하여 선정하고, 각 지표는 상대적 중요도가 설정돼야 한다. 본 연구에서는 적시성·정확성·적절성의 3개 주요 지표와 주요 지표별로 각 3개의 등급 지표를 설정하고 지표별 개념을 구분하였다. 지표의 가중치는 지표의 계층구조를 고려하여 AHP 분석으로 산정하였다. 향후 연구서의 평가척도가 '시뮬레이션 정부연습'에 적용되면 정량적인 평가를 통하여 조치 평가의 일관성과 객관성을 확보할 수 있을 것이고 과학적인 기법에 의한 사후검토(AAR)가 가능할 것이다.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.25-43
• /
• 2016

An agent-centric event planning method is proposed for providing pedagogical experiences in an immersed environment. Two-level planning is required at in a macro-level (i.e., inter-event level) and an intra-event level to provide realistic experiences with the objective of learning declarative knowledge. The inter-event (horizontal) planning is based on search, while intra-event (vertical) planning is based on hierarchical decomposition. The horizontal search is dictated by several realistic types of association between events besides the conventional causality. The resulting schematic plan is further augmented by conditions associated with those agents cast into the roles of the events identified in the plan. Rather than following a main story plot, all the events potentially relevant to accomplishing an initial goal are derived in the final result of our planning. These derived events may progress concurrently or digress toward a new main goal replacing the current goal or event, and the plan could be merged or fragmented according to their respective lead agents' intentions and other conditions. The macro-level coherence across interconnected events is established via their common background world existing a priori. As the pivotal source of event concurrency and intricacy, agents are modeled to not only be autonomous but also independent, i.e., entities with their own beliefs and goals (and subsequent plans) in their respective parts of the world. Additional problems our method addresses for augmenting pedagogical experiences include casting of agents into roles based on their availability, subcontracting of subsidiary events, and failure of multi-agent event entailing fragmentation of a plan. The described planning method was demonstrated by monitoring implementation.

• 가정간호학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.202-215
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to determine the factors related to behaviors of reducing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (BRE to EDCs) in pregnancy, based on the PRECEDE model. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with participants (N=239) who met the medical records and eligibility criteria from the Women's Hospital and Public Health Center. Data were collected using a specially-designed questionnaire based on the PRECEDE model and included BRE to EDCs predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: In Model I it was found that participation in prenatal education influenced the BRE to EDCs significantly; and a regression showed that the determinant variables accounted for 3.4%. In Model II, the predisposing factors of perceived barriers of BRE to EDCs and environmental self-efficacy were added. It was shown that they significantly influenced BRE to EDCs in the order named, and a regression revealed that increases in the determinant variables accounted for 22.5%. In Model III, to which enabling factors were added, the information acquisition experience of BRE to EDCs interacted significantly with BRE to EDCs and a regression showed an increase in the determinant variables accounting for 25.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study, the content of endocrine disruptors must be included in the prenatal care education program for pregnant women, and it should be composed of contents that can reduce the perceived obstacle to BRE to EDCs, enhance the environmental self-efficacy, and provide the information in regard to reducing exposure to EDCs.