• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The present study was evaluated the protective roles of Spatholobi Caulis in hepatotoxic rats due to APAP overdose. Methods : In experiments, rats were orally administrated with the aqueous extract of Spatholobi Caulis (SCE; 50, 100 mg/kg) for 4 days and then, orally gavage with APAP (1.2 g/kg) to induce acute liver damage. Results : Oral injection of APAP caused severe hepatic injury. Plasma ALT, AST and LDH levels were significantly elevated, but SCE significantly decreased ALT, AST and LDH to the normal level. In histopathological analysis, peripheral hemorrhage around portal triads and central necrosis around central veins were founded after APAP treatment. However, these histopathological changes were recovered by SCE pretreatment. SCE also decreased the percentage of generative hepatic regions (%/$mm^2$ hepatic parenchyma), the numbers of inflammatory cells (cells/$mm^2$ hepatic parenchyma) and the number of degenerative hepatic cells (N/100 hepatic cellls) which were significantly elevated after APAP injection. Furthermore, SCE down-regulated the contents of hepatic MDA and up-regulated hepatic GSH. SCE also inhibited the decrease in the expression of pro-caspase-3 by APAP treatment. Conclusions : Collectively, these data indicate that SCE protected APAP-induced hapatic damages through antioxidative and anti-apoptotic process. These findings the significant therapeutic potential of SCE during APAP-induced liver injury.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.199-211
• /
• 2019

Objectives : Present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of various combinations of lemon balm and dandelion (LD) leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced acute liver injury. Methods : Mice were orally treated with 200 mg/kg of LD extracts [1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, or 8:1 (weight : weight)] for 7 days, and then intraperitoneally injected with $CCl_4$ (0.5 mL/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. Body weight gain, relative liver weight, serum biochemistry, histopathologic analyses, and hepatic antioxidant system were examined to elucidate the fittest combination ratio of LD extract. Results : All varying combinations of LD extract significantly increased body weight gain and decreased relative liver weight by $CCl_4$. In addition, LD extract reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Histopathological analyses indicated that LD extract significantly decreased histological activity index score, degenerated hepatocytes, and infiltrated inflammatory cells induced by $CCl_4$. Moreover, LD extract reduced lipid peroxidation, and attenuated the reduction of hepatic glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase by $CCl_4$. Although there were no statistical differences in body weight gain between silymarin- and LD extract-treated groups, administration of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 combination of LD extract exhibited more favorable hepatoprotective effects than silymarin. Especially, 2:1 combination of LD extract showed the most potent hepatoprotective effects. Conclusion : Of various combinations of LD extract tested, present results suggest that 2:1 combination of LD extract would be a promising herbal formulation to protect liver from oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2000

Objective : To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Gami-oryungsan on the liver damage induced by bromobenzene. Method : The development of fibrosis and acute liver injury was examined by the chemical analysis of AST, AL T, ${\gamma}$-GTP . and epoxide hydrolase glutathione S-transferase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, lipidoperoxide levels, glutathione levels were measured and oberved. Results : The increasing levels of lipidoperoxide was decreased proportionally according to dose of extract GO. Epoxide hydrolase glutathioneS-transferase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity highly increased in GO pre-acupunctured group compared with the group treated with only bromobenzene. The increase of serum AST, AL T, ${\gamma}$-GTP enzyme activity of mice by bromobenzene was inhibited by the administration of GO. Lipidoperoxide levels in rat's liver decreased compared to the case of bromobenzene-treated group. The levels of Glutathione decreased by bromo benzene were increased highly in GO pre-acupunctured group. Conclusion : These results suggest that GO extract recovers the damage of liver due to bromobenzene intoxication by decreasing the lipid peroxidation AST AL T ${\gamma}$-GTP enzyme activity and increasing epoxide hydrolase glutathioneS-transferase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, glutathione levels.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.11
• /
• pp.1262-1268
• /
• 2017

Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), a plant in the Myrtaceae family, is native to the semitropical rain-forests of Queensland and is presumably the most commercialized native spice. In Australian thousands of lemon-myrtle trees are under tillage. This study was carried out to investigate the alcohol metabolism, hepatoprotective effects and antidiabetic, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of hot-water (LMW) and 80% ethanol (LME) extracts from lemon-myrtle leaves. The alpha-glucosidase (${\alpha}$-glucosidase) inhibitory activities of the LMW and LME extracts were 7.66% and 40.29% at 1 mg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the LME extract was about 38.26 % at 1 mg/ml. The effects the LMW and LME extracts had on alcohol-metabolizing activities were determined by measuring the generation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The ADH activities of the LMW and LME extracts significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and were about 154.40% and 192.03% at 1 mg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). The ALDH activities of the LMW and LME extracts also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and were about 151.14% and 192.34% at 1 mg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). At $100{\mu}g/ml$, the LMW and LME extracts showed significant protective effects against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. The results suggested that Backhousia citriodora leaf extracts have the potential to be significant sources for natural health products.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 1999

In order to evaluate the protective effects of extracts of Mori cortex radicis on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, malondiadehyde values and glutathione S-transferase activity were measured in ICR mice. The activities of serum aminotransferase and the hepatic content of lipid peroxide after carbon tetrachloride-treatment were markedly increased than normal control but those levels were significantly decreased by the treatment of butanol fraction of Mori cortex radicis mathanol extract. Glutathione S-transferase activity was decreased by carbon tetrachloride than control, but that also inhibited by the treatment of butanol fraction of Mori cortex radicis methanol extract. These results demonstrate a possible hepatoprotective role of extract role of extract of Mori cortex radicis against ${CCl_4}-induced$ hepatoxicity in vivo.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.391-394
• /
• 2005

The allylthio group of allicin and other organosulfur compounds, isolated from garlic, is considered a pharmacophore, and a key structure component of the molecule, which affords biological activities. In the foregoing studies, various 3-alkoxy-6-allylthiopyridazine derivatives (K­compounds) were synthesized, and their biological activities tested in animals. As expected, the various derivatives showed good hepatoprotective activities on carbon tetrachloride-treated mice and aflatoxin B1-treated rats, and chemopreventive activities on hepatocarcinoma cells in rats. Other new pyridazine derivatives, with the oxygen atom at the 3-position of the 3-alkoxy­6-allylthiopyridazine displaced by sulfur (S), were synthesized, and their activities tested in vitro. Thio-K6, one of the sulfur-substituted compounds, showed better chemopreventive activity toward hepatocarcinoma cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.529-532
• /
• 1997

A $CHCl_3$:MeOH extract of the fruit of Lycium chinense Mill. (Solanaceae) was found to afford significant protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin dipalmitate as antihepatotoxic components. Incubation of injured hepatocytes with zeaxanthin dipalmitate reduced the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) released from damaged cells to 60.5% and 76.3% of those released from untreated controls, respectively. Zeaxanthin also reduced the levels of GPT and SDH to 68.5% and 61.3% of the levels of those released from the untreated contro. The results confirm the hepatoprotective activities of zeaxanthins. Antihepatotoxic activities of zeaxanthins are comparable to that of silybin.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2006

A growing body of evidence supports lipid peroxidation as having a role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Although the probable cause of damage to human hepatocytes may be multifactorial, free radicals have been implicated in a variety of liver diseases, particularly in the presence of iron overload and toxic substances such as ethanol. Consequently, antioxidants, particularly those of plant origin such as flavonoids, may help to reduce the risk of developing these diseases. Silybum (S.) marianum, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional European medicine for the treatment of liver disorders, was evaluated for antioxidant activity. Thin layer chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses of crude extract of the plant confirmed the presence of a number of flavonoids reported in the literature. The antioxidant activity of these flavonoids was measured through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. The crude plant extract showed marked antioxidant activity in both assays. These results suggest that S. marianum contains flavonoids with antioxidant activity, capable of inhibiting or scavenging free radicals, thus supporting its traditional use as a hepatoprotective agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 1995

As an initial step for evaluating hepatoprotective components against alcohol-induced toxicity, the effect of various fractions from Aloe vera on alcohol metabolism in rats were examined and the results were as follows: Water soluble fraction, after a single oral administration to rats, was found to cause a significant decrease in the serum ethanol concentration as well as enhancement of liver cytosolic ADH activity. On the other hand, the fractions soluble in organic solvent was found to cause an increase in the blood ethanol concentration and inhibit ADH activity. Further fractionation of the water soluble fraction by ultrafiltration system gave four subfractions corresponding to molecular weight and treatment of them in rats demonstrated that subfraction of M.W. > 30,000 exhibited the most potent enhancing activity of ethanol methabolism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.566-572
• /
• 2009

Lentinus edodes is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom used in Oriental cultures. Recently, L. edodes has attracted a lot of attention owing to its antifungal activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, hepatoprotective effect, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects. In this study, the water-soluble crude polysaccharides, CPF and CPB, which were obtained from the fruiting body and culture cell-free broth of L. edodes by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, were fractionated by DEAE cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, resulting in six polysaccharide fractions, CPFN-G-I, CPFN-G-II, CPFN-G-III, CPFA-G, CPBN-G, and CPBA-G Among these fractions, CPFN-G-I, CPBN-G, and CPBA-G were shown to stimulate the functional activation of macrophages including NO production, cytokine expression, and phagocytosis.