• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.462-465
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• 2006

In order to extend the shelf life of sliced raw flatfish, the antimicrobial effects of natural essential oil from mustard and a mixture of ginger and mustard essential oils were tested at various temperatures. In addition, volatile components of the mixed essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The viable cell counts of Vibrio parahaemolyticus treated with mixed essential oils from ginger and mustard was 0.7-1.3 log CFU/g lower than those of other treatments during storage at $5^{\circ}C$. During storage at $20^{\circ}C$, the viable cell counts of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus 01, and V. vulnificus 02 treated with the essential oils increased slightly from 6.53-6.64 log CFU/g at initial stages to 6.77-7.72 log CFU/g after 24-hr of storage, however they were 1.38-1.97 log CFU/g lower than those of the control group (8.74-9.10 log CFU/g). These results show that the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus inoculated on sliced raw flatfish could be inhibited by treatment with natural essential oils from ginger and mustard at $5^{\circ}C$ of storage. However, the antibacterial effects of the essential oils on Vibrio species observed in this study were not sufficient to merit their use in sliced raw flatfish at temperatures exceeding $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2013

Essential oils are increasingly of interest for use as novel drugs acting as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In the present study, we report the in vitro antiviral activities of 29 essential oils, extracted from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants, against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Of these essential oils, those oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass effected a more than 50% inhibition of TMV at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the mode of antiviral action of the active essential oils was also determined. Essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass possessed potent inactivation and curative effects in vivo and had a directly passivating effect on TMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. However, all other active essential oils exhibited a moderate protective effect in vivo. The chemical constitutions of the essential oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of these essential oils were ${\alpha}$-zingiberene (35.21%), limonene (76.25%), terpinen-4-ol (41.20%), limonene (80.95%), 1,8-cineole (27.45%), and terpinolene (10.67%). The curative effects of 10 individual compounds from the active essential oils on TMV infection were also examined in vivo. The compounds from citronellal, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene effected a more than 40% inhibition rate for TMV infection, and the other compounds demonstrated moderate activities at 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ in vivo. There results indicate that the essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass, and the individual compound citronellal, have the potential to be used as an effective alternative for the treatment of tobacco plants infected with TMV under greenhouse conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

Repellencies of herb plants and essential oils against alate Myzus persicae were investigated in a insect cage, a screen house, and a tobacco field. Numbers of nymphs deposited by alate or apterous Myzur persicae were lower on rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis), silver thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and lemon balm(Melissa of fcianazis). Rosemary and silver thyme show little repellency against alate Myzus persicae on a nearby tobacco plant Rosemary oil, peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil, and ginger oil showed repellency against alate Myzus persicae, but spearmint (Mentha spicata) oil and lavender oil showed little repellency in a screen house. Rosemary oil, ginger oil, peppermint oil, lavender oil, and spearmint oil showed repellency against alate Myzus persicae in a tobacco field, but there was no significant difference among oils.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.515-535
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• 2020

Essential oils (EOs) have gained a renewed interest in many disciplines such as plant disease control and medicine. This review discusses the components of ginger EOs, their mode of action, and their potential nanotechnology applications in controlling tropical plant diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and headspace procedures are commonly used to detect and profile their chemical compositions EOs in ginger. The ginger EOs are composed of monoterpenes (transcaryophyllene, camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene). GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed many compounds but few compounds were revealed using the headspace approach. The EOs have a wide range of activities against many phytopathogens. EOs mode of action affects both the pathogen cell's external envelope and internal structures. The problems associated with solubility and stability of EOs had prompted the use nanotechnology such as nanoemulsions. The use of nanoemulsion to increase efficiency and supply of EOs to control plant diseases control was discussed in this present paper. The findings of this review paper may accelerate the effective use of ginger EOs in controlling tropical plant diseases.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

Objectives: Antibiotics help treat Vaginitis, and prolonged usage of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Methods: This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of two types of lactic acid bacteria using essential oils. After cultivation by adding grapefruit seed extract (GSE), eucalyptus, tea tree, clove bud, cinnamon, lemongrass, thyme, and ginger oils in a specific ratio, pathogenic microorganisms, namely E. coli, C. albicans, and lactic acid bacteria were released. The number of bacteria was measured using a medium suitable for the strains. Results: The essential oils and GSE inhibited pathogenic microorganisms, and the inhibitory concentration of GSE against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, C. albicans) was confirmed. The non-inhibitory mixing ratio was also confirmed (50 μl of eucalyptus globulus (EG) oil and 50 μl of melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil, TTO) at 200 ppm GSE (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0)). Conclusion: Essential oils can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics because of their antibacterial properties. They are useful as auxiliary antibacterial agents for patients under long-term antibiotic treatment.

• International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.216-221
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• 2018

Objective: In this study, we tried to investigate the antimicrobial activity of natural herbaceous plant-derived essential oils against oral disease-causing bacterial strains and establish the scientific evidences to apply them to the dentifrice, mouthwash, and other uses. Methods: We used the disk diffusion method with 23 types of 100% natural essential oils to verify the antimicrobial effect against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. After adhering to the surface of the plate culture medium, $20{\mu}l$ of the essential oil was prepared, and the diameter of the transparent ring was measured after incubation for 24 hours. All the experiments were repeated three times. Results: Among 23 types of oils, 13 were effective against all three strains: myrrh, ginger, basil, carrot seed, tea tree, patchouli, ylang ylang, cypress, lemongrass, cinnamon, peppermint, lavender, and eucalryptus. Seventeen oils were effective against S. mutans, and myrrh, basil, and carrot seed showed high antimicrobial activity. Eighteen oils were effective against P. gingivalis, and tea tree, carrot seed, and cinnamons showed high antimicrobial activity. Sixteen oils were effective against L. rhamnosus, and carrot seed and peppermint cinnamon showed high antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: Consequently, 13 essential oils showed the antimicrobial activity against three bacterial strains, which indicates these essential oils might be used as the effective materials to suppress the growth of oral-disease inducing microorganisms. Moreover, essential oils that have been analyzed activities in this study will be mixed up within the constant range and analyzed their antimicrobial effects to examine the synergistic activity among them.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1991

The essential oils of the two cultivars of Korean ginger were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method. Then the essential oils were fractionated into one hydrocarbon fraction and two oxygented hydrocarbon fractions by using silica gel column chromatography. The composition of the resulting oils were investigated by GC-MS spectrometry. The volatile oil contents of the two fresh cultivars were 0.32%(wb) and consisted of 68.1% hydrocarbon and 31.9% oxygenated hydrocarbons. Out of 101 characterized compounds, 54 were identified by comparing GC retentions and mass spectral data with authentic samples and 47 were tentatively identified according to mass spectral data only. The major compounds of hydrocarbon fraction were camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, zingiberene, ${\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\bate}-sesquiphellandrene$, and of oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions were 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol and ${\alpha}-terpeneol+borneol$. Comparing the yield and composition of Korean ginger oil with those from other origins reported, Korean ginger oils showed good yields of oil, whilst those contained higher amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 1998

Recently, Many people begin to be interested in aromatherapy and as the effects of aromatherapy(or essential oils) are being known widely. as aromatherapy is regarded as a new effective method of natural therapy in treatment of human Aromatherapy is defined, 'therapy that methods of inhalation, massage, drink is used, to medical effects, physical effects, psychologic effects.' In this paper, By investigating differences and commons between useful essential oils that are used frequently in children's aroma care and herb medicine, digesting several aromathrapy books and 'Boncho(Herbs)'books, I can obtain such conclusions. 1. Most essential oils mainly can cure skin trobles, psychological troubles. 2. Systemic curing ability of essential oils in human body are urination in reproductive system, sediation in psychological system, sweating in circulation system, anti-inflammation in respiratory system, tonic in digestive system, pain-killing in musclular system, stimulating-immunity in immune system, menstruation in OB & GY3. Herb medicine correspond to essential oils are Chamomile(母:菊: Moguk), Ginger(生畺: Saengang), Frankinsense(乳香: Yuhyang), Eucalyptus(按葉: Anyup), Rosemary(迷迭: Mizil), Rose(薔薇: Jangmi), Sandalwood(檀香: Danhyang), Thyme(麝香草: Sahyangcho) Ylang Ylang(依蘭: Eulan), Lemon(??皮: Ryungmongpi), Madarin(陣皮: Zinpi), Orange(枳殼: Zigak). 4. There are differences of curing ability in human between herb medicine and essential oils because of curing mechanism, but effect on human body are so simular.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2024

Background: External parasites, particularly ticks and fleas, are among the most common problems affecting dogs. Chemical medicines are commonly used to prevent and eliminate such external parasites, but their improper use can cause adverse reactions, and the toxins they contain may remain in the environment. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro efficacy of Zanthoxylum limonella, citronella, clove, peppermint, and ginger essential oils against dog ticks and fleas and to test the sensitivity of dogs' skin to these essential oils. Methods: The five essential oils were tested for in vitro efficacy against ticks and fleas, and the two most effective essential oils were then tested on the dogs' skin. Results: The results revealed that these five essential oils at 16% concentrations effectively inhibited the spawning of female engorged ticks. In addition, all five essential oils had a strong ability to kill tick larvae at concentrations of 2% upward. Furthermore, 4% concentrations of the five essential oils quickly eliminated fleas, especially clove oil, which killed 100% of fleas within 1 h. A 50%, 90%, and 99% lethal concentration (LC₅₀, LC₉₀, and LC₉₉) for the essential oils on tick larvae in 24 h were found to be low values. LC₅₀, LC₉₀, and LC₉₉ for the essential oils on flea in 1 h was lowest values. Clove oil at 16% concentration was the most satisfactory essential oil for application on dogs' skin, with a low percentage of adverse effects. Conclusions: This study confirmed the effectiveness of essential oils for practical use as tick and flea repellents and eliminators. Essential-oil-based pharmaceutical can replace chemical pesticides and provide benefits for both consumers and the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1188-1197
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• 2019

Exposure to stress can lead to sympathetic hyperactivity, which include a systemic disease with lesions in a broad spectrum of organs and a psychiatric condition. The purpose aimed to evaluate the effect of the korea ginger essential oil on stress hormone and brain tissue response in chronic mild stress-induced rats model of sympathetic hyperactivity. Evaluation method carried out cytotoxicity assessment and component analysis, what observe the effects based on serum biomarker and histopathological analysis of brain tissue. As this time, the korea ginger essential oil was treatment at doses of 100 nl/㎖ for 2 weeks after make a chronic mild stress-induced rats model of sympathetic hyperactivity. As a result, the korea ginger essential oil was not toxic at less than 100 nl/㎖, contents of 6-gingerol was 345 ppm. Compared to the control rats, the korea ginger essential oil treatments significantly reduced the serum concentrations of stress hormone (i.e., ACTH, corticosterone, melatonin). Furthermore, The korea ginger essential oil treatments effectively preserved the TH-immune response was occasionally interrupted in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The results indicate that the korea ginger essential oil improved sympathetic hyperactivity. Thus, the korea ginger may be a novel material of aroma oils for the management of sympathetic hyperactivity.