• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2010

The distribution of fluoroquinolones was investigated in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and eel (Anguilla japonica) after an oral dose of 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 35 days. Blood samples were collected at 5 and 10 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 30, and 35 days after treatment. The fluoroquinolone concentrations were determined high- performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The recovery rates of fluoroquinolones in the fish samples ranged from 91.4-96.6, 91.2-96.5, and 90.4-98.6% for concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and $1.0\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively. In the blood of carp, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and sarafloxacin reached maximums level of 11.03, 9.37, 9.10, and $9.81\;{\mu}g/g$ 10 hours, 1 day, 10 hours, and 10 hours after treatment, respectively. In the eel blood, these reached maximum levels of 12.65, 11.18, 11.91, and $8.74\;{\mu}g/g$ all at 10 hours. Carp sample concentrations of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and sarafloxacin were not measurable 20, 30, 20, and 20 days after treatment, respectively, in all experiments (

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to acquire level on the occurrence of five fluoroquinolones(FQs) residue among cultured eels in Jeonbuk province. Samples were collected from the four local area(Kunsan, Gochang, Wanju and Osu) and surveyed on the distribution of FQs residual level in edible muscle using HPLC method. A total of 90 samples of eel was monitored for detection of the FQs residue. Among them, 30 eels(33.3%) were detected the FQs single or paired, respectively. The detection ratios were showed Osu(40%, 8/20), Gochang(33%, 13/44), Wanju(30%, 6/20) and Kunsan(30%, 3/10) in order, respectively. The ratio was equivalent to over 30% of overall in sampled area. The most frequently detected FQs were perfloxacin(PF) followed by enrofloxacin(EF), ciprofloxacin(CF), ofloxacin(OF) and norfloxacin(NF). Eight different combinations of FQ residual patterns were observed as single(5 type, 21%) or as paired(3type, 12,5%) respectively and frequently encountered patterns were PF(37%) and PF-EF(23%). The residual level of FQs was evaluated in the range of 1-75 ug/kg and the most prevalent levels of FQs was found in 1-25 ug/kg(35 fish, 85%) followed by 26-50 ug/kg(5 fishes, 11%) and 51-75 ug/kg(1 fishes, 3.3%). These results could be possible that the cultured eels were mostly exposed with PF, EF and CF, and might be treated with a variety of fluoroquinolones for prevention of bacterial disease.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.450-455
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• 1997

The preparation of Bacillus coagulans is used as a therapeutics for human intestinal disorders. However, the bacterium in the preparation is very susceptible to rifampic in and fluoroquinolones. When the preparation is taken with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones, its therapeutic effect can not be expected. So B. coagulans RFR17 resistant to rifampicin was obtained by treating the parent B. coagulans with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. B. coagulans OFR17 was produced by serial passage of B. coagulans RFR17 on agar with 2-fold minimal inhibitory concentration of ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin. B. coagulans OFR17 was resistant to fluoroquinolones up to 16~64 fold higher than that for the original strain. B. coagulans OFR17 also exhibited identical characteristics with the parent strain when they were tested for lactic acid production and growth inhibition of E. coli MB4-01 and Shigella sonnei MB4-10411. From in vitro test, it was also identified that rifampicin and ofloxacin are not inactivated by certain factors of B. coagulans OFR17. Conclusively, B. coagulans OFR17 can be regarded as a promising strain which can be developed as the preparation for the treatment of the intestinal disorders of the tuberculosis patients under rifampicin and ofloxacin therapy.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2005

This surveies were carried out to investigate the residual levels of fluoroquinolones in chicken and quail eggs by bioassay and HPLC method. The eggs of 240 samples collected from market and farm in Gwangju Metropolitan city were examined from May to December in 2003. Residual antibiotic materials were detected from 47 samples of the 240 eggs by bioassay. Of the 240 eggs assayed, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin and perfloxacin were not detected but enrofloxacin was detected from 5 samples in 228 chicken eggs and 1 sample in 12 quail eggs using HPLC with fluorescence detector by multi-residue method. 2 sample eggs in 6 sample which were detected by HPLC were not positive with bioassay. The average residual concentration of enrofloxacin was 0.494 mg/kg in 6 positive samples. The highest residual concentration of enrofloxacin was 1.83mg/kg.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

The residues of fluoroquinolones in Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were investigated after oral doses of 20 mg/kg for 30 days. Blood samples were taken at 5 hours, 10 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 9 days, 13 days, 20 days and 30 days after treatment. The concentrations of fluoroquinolones were detected by high performance liquid chromatography using a UV detector. The recovery rates of fluoroquinolones in fish samples ranged from 92.0-99.7%, 93.4-97.5% and 93.0-97.9% for treatment of 0.1, 0.5, and $1.0{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and sarafloxacin were detected in the blood of the olive flounder at 10 hours, 10 hours, 1 day and 10 hours after treatment with $6.43{\mu}g/g$, $6.07{\mu}g/g$, $11.83{\mu}g/g$ and $11.02{\mu}g/g$ as maximum level, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and sarafloxacin were detected in the blood of black rockfish 1 day, 1 day, 1 day and 10 hours after treatment with $8.26{\mu}g/g$, $8.03{\mu}g/g$, $7.29{\mu}g/g$ and $9.38{\mu}g/g$ as maximum level, respectively. However, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and sarafloxacin were not detected in olive flounder samples at 20, 30, 20 and 20 days after treatment in any experiments (

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2012

어류 및 갑각류 중에 잔류하는 fluoroquinolone계 항균제를 조사하기 위하여 HPLC-FLD와 LC-MS를 이용하여 분석을 실시하였다. HPLC-FLD를 이용하여 분석하였을 때 검출한계와 정량한계는 각각 0.0030-0.0083, 0.0090-0.0252 mg/kg이었고, LC-MS는 각각 0.0019-0.0040, 0.0059-0.0122 mg/kg으로 나타났다. ofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin의 회수율은 76.4-104.6% 범위로 분석되었다. 총 268건에 대하여 fluoroquinolone계 항균제의 잔류량을 조사한 결과 7.5%의 검출율을 나타내었고, 동자개 1건에서 enrofloxacin과 ciprofloxacin의 합이 허용 기준치인 0.1 mg/kg보다 높게 검출되었다. Ofloxacin, norfloxacin과 pefloxacin은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았고 ciprofloxacin과 enrofloxacin은 각각 3.4%와 6.7%의 검출율을 보였다. 어종별 검출율은 장어(2.6%), 미꾸라지(2.2%), 동자개(1.5%), 붕어(0.7%), 가물치(0.4%) 순서로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2004

1. 닭고기에서 4종의 플루오로퀴놀론계 합성항균제(ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin)를 액상추출법으로 추출하여 형광검출기와 HPLC를 이용하여 동시 정량 분석하는 방법을 확립하였으며 분석조건으로서 컬럼은 Symmetry Cl8(250${\times}$4.6 mm id, 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$), 이동상은 0.4% triethylamine 및 0.4% phospholic acid 수용액, methanol 및 acetonitrile 혼합용액(800: 100: 100, v/v/v)을 사용하였으며, 형광검출기는 여기파장 278 nm, 측정파장 456 nm으로 그리고 유속은 1.0 $m\ell$/min., 주입량은 50 ${\mu}\ell$로 하였다. 확립된 분석조건으로 측정한 ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin 표준품의 표준곡선식에서 모두 상관계수 0.999이상의 양호한 직선성을 보였으며, 첨가한 닭고기의 크로마토그람에서도 각각의 물질별 분리시간대에 방해 피크 없이 양호한 분리도를 나타내었다. 0.05∼0.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g 첨가한 시료에서 평균 회수율은 ofloxacin 92.0∼95.4%, norflokacin 84.2∼87.3%, ciprofloxacin 78.3∼82.2%, enrofloxacin 91.3∼95.3%이었으며 변이계수(CV)는 2.7∼9.4%이었다. 4종의 동시분석법의 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 ofloxacin 23.5 ppb, 35.3 ppb, norfloxacin 3.4 ppb, 5.1 ppb, ciprofloxacin 3.0 ppb, 4.5 ppb, enrofloxacin 2.5 ppb, 3.8 ppb수준이었다. 2. 인천 지역에서 도축한 닭고기 총 1,523수를 EEC-4-plate법으로 검사한 결과 양성반응을 보인 닭고기는 15수(육계 10, 토종닭 5)였으며, HPLC를 이용한 정밀검사결과 육계 5수에서 ciprofloxacin이 불검출 ∼0.04 ppm, enrofloxacin이 0.01∼0.69 ppm수준으로 검출되었으며, 토종닭 5수에서는 ciprofloxacin이 0.02∼0.12 ppm, enrofloxacin이 0.36∼6.79 ppm수준으로 검출되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and the incidence of TB cases has not significantly decreased over the past decade in Korea. The standard short course regimen is highly effective against TB, but requires multiple TB-specific drugs and a long treatment duration. Recent studies using late-generation fluoroquinolones and/or high-dose rifapentine-containing regimens to shorten the duration of TB treatment showed negative results. Extending the treatment duration may be considered in patients with cavitation on the initial chest radiograph and positivity in sputum culture at 2 months of treatment for preventing TB relapse. Current evidence does not support the use of fixed-dose combinations compared to separate drugs for the purpose of improving treatment outcomes. All patients receiving TB treatment should be monitored regularly for response to therapy, facilitation of treatment completion, and management of adverse drug reactions. Mild adverse effects can be managed with symptomatic therapy and changing the timing of the drug administration, but severe adverse effects require a discontinuation of the offending drugs.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2019

A novel rapid procedure with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection has been developed by changing various conditions including sample preparation such as QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) methodology. This work has been involved the optimization and validation of detection method for fluoroquinolones which are widespread used in livestock especially in the chicken. Five grams of homogenized chicken muscle were extracted with QuEChERS EN and acetonitrile containing 5% formic acid and cleaned with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and C₁₈ sorbent. The separation was performed on Acquity UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 ㎛) column. The mobile phase A and B were composed of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, respectively. Flow rate was 0.25 mL/min and column temperate was 40℃. LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring has been optimized for ten fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, pefloxacin and sarafloxacin). The method developed in this study has been presented good linearity with correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9971~0.9998. LOD and LOQ values ranged from 0.09 to 0.76 ppb and from 0.26 to 2.29 ppb, respectively. The average recoveries were from 77.46 to 111.83% at spiked levels of 10.0 and 20.0 ㎍/kg. Relative standard deviation (%) ranged 1.28~11.90% on intra-day and 3.10~8.38 % on inter-day, respectively. This analysis method was applicable to the livestock residue laboratories and was expected to be satisfactory for the residue surveillance system.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze feasibility of monitoring of fluoroquinolnes residual through feather analysis in broilers. The calibration curve showed good linearity (r²≥0.99) within the concentration range of 1~100 ㎍/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were validated at ≤0.66 and ≤1.99 ㎍/kg in broiler feather, respectively. The recoveries in feather samples ranged from 94.6 to 114.4% (5.1-15.8% RSD) at the 5 to 20 ㎍/kg spiking levels. The proposed new analytical method proved to be suitable and effective for fluoroquinolnes determination. We also monitored fluoroquinolones residue in 36 samples (broiler that were slaughtered in Gyonggi-do) using this method. Among tested feather samples, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were detected in all samples. In muscle samples, enrofloxacin was detected in 20 (55.6%) samples and ciprofloxacin was not detected.