• Title/Summary/Keyword: fire.explosion

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Implications of Emergency Alert and Resident Evacuation in Japan during the Great East Japan Earthquake: Literature Survey Study (동일본 대지진 당시 일본의 비상 발령 및 주민대피에 관한 실태 조사와 시사점 도출: 문헌조사연구)

  • Lee, Jaeyoung;Kim, Younhee;Eom, Young ho
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.500-511
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study seeks to draw out implications that must be considered in the process of establishing measures to evacuate residents in preparation for domestic nuclear disasters by conducting an investigation about the disaster situation at the time of the Fukushima nuclear power plant explosion, emergency warning situation for residents protection, evacuation situation and In addition to investigating problems and measures raised in the resident protection system at that time. Method: A literature survey was conducted focusing on reports published by Japan's national, parliament, local governments and related agencies from right after the Great East Japan Earthquake to the present. Result: Found out what needs to be considered in the process of establishing domestic radiation disaster measures through the results of the survey on the problems and countermeasures derived from the process of evacuation of residents at the time of the Fukushima nuclear power plant explosion. Conclusion: The reviews were classified into four categories and detailed reviews were presented.

A Study on Prevention of Fire Accidents by Splash Filling in the Filtration Process of Pharmaceutical Companies (제약회사 여과 공정중 스플래쉬 필링에 의한 화재사고 예방대책에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sang Gil;Lee, Dae Joon;Yang, Seung Bok;Rhim, Jong Guk
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2021
  • Flammable substances are often present in the raw materials of pharmaceutical products manufactured by pharmaceutical companies. In this case, an excessive amount of flammable substances is added to make an intermediate, and flammable substances that do not participate in the reaction are removed through filtration and drying steps. In addition, the flammable liquid separated in the filtration process is accumulated in the form of splash filling in the filtrate container. In this case, vapor and mist of flammable liquid are generated, which lowers the lower limit of explosion and minimum ignition energy, and increases the risk of fire and explosion due to complex charging. In this study, by analyzing fire accidents that occurred during the recent filtration process of pharmaceutical companies, it is proposed to prevent static electricity accumulation by measures of nitrogen supply facilities, capacity improvement, conductive filter fabric and so on.

A Study on the Anti-Spalling Performance of High-Strength Concrete Members by covered Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC로 피복된 고강도콘크리트 부재의 폭렬억제성능에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Young;Kim, Jae-Hwan;Han, Byung-Chan;Park, Sun-Gyu;Kwon, Young-Jin
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to obtain the fundamental fire resistance performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) under fire temperature in order to use the fire protection material in high-strength concrete structures. The present study conducted the experiment to simulate fire temperature by employing of ECC and investigated experimentally the explosion and cracks in heated surface of these ECC. In the experimental studies, 5 HSC specimens are being exposed to fire, in order to exami ne the influence of vari ous parameters (such as depth of layer=20, 30, 40 mm; construction method=lining and repairing type) on the fire performance of HSC structures. Employed temperature curve were ISO 834 criterion (3 hr), which are severe in various criterion of fire temperature in building structures. The numerical regressive analysis and proposed equation to calculate ambient temperature distribution is carried out and verified against the experimental data. By the use of proposed equation, the HSC members subjected to fire loads were designed and discussed.

Research and Analysis of the Causes and Preventive Measures of Fires Caused by a Disposable Gas Lighter (1회용 가스라이터로 인한 화재 원인과 예방대책의 조사·분석)

  • Lee, Eui-Pyeong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2017
  • This study analyzed the regulatory actions of disposal gas lighters as well as the situations, causes, and preventive measures of fires, and accidents caused by disposal gas lighters. Since child-resistant lighters became mandatory, the percentage of fires caused by playing with fire has decreased in Korea as it did in America and Japan. Fires caused by disposal gas lighters can occur by afterburning, unintentional lighting, large flames, or explosion or bursting as well as by arson and playing with fire. This study suggests the preventive measures of fires caused by disposal gas lighters as follows: Taking a step not to be used as child's tool for playing with fire, the warning of fire cases caused by afterburning, warning of the dangers of leaving disposal gas lighters on the car dashboard or high temperature places, improving the protective synthetic resin cover of the stop part of a vehicle seat rail, and providing information on precautions for keeping in drawers or disposition methods.

A Study on the Thermal Characteristics and Fire Hazard of Iron Powder Accumulated on Circuit Break (차단기 누적 철분진의 열적특성과 발화위험성 연구)

  • Kim, Doo-Hyun;Kang, Yang-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.20-25
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal characteristics and to study fire hazard of electric leakage by iron power accumulated on circuit breaker in an iron processing factory. The thermal characteristics were analyzed while current was applied to the powder for ten minutes. Results showed that temperature of iron powder at 100 mA is 160C160C and at 175mA is 240C240C. The sparks have occurred as iron powder drops between two(hot line and neutral line) wires and then iron powder explosion occurred while dropping continuously the iron powder on two lines. Those who work in the iron processing industry need to periodically remove and maintain the iron powder. The thermal characteristics in this paper can be used for electrical fire investigation and for basic data of thermal characteristic of leakage current through iron powder at iron processing factories.

A Study on the Risk of Organic Solvents for Underground Area under Construction Site through a Fire Accident Case (화재사고사례를 통해서 본 건설현장 지하공간에서의 유기용제의 위험성에 대한 연구)

  • Ahn, Byung-Joon;Jung, Ki-Hyuk;Lee, Jung-Suk;Rhim, Jong-Kuk
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2018
  • In the consideration of the working conditions, which have several kinds of works operating at the same time, at construction sites, it is difficult to prevent industrial accidents. There are a number of works to employ flammable materials and hot works simultaneously operated without fire protection systems. It causes a huge fire and casualties. In this research to analyze an accident case, the reasonable prevention methods are suggested throughout the property tests for the organic solvents and the analysis of the behavior for vapour cloud in the underground area of the construction site.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Predicting of Mine Fire in Underground Coal Mine

  • Danish, Esmatullah;Onder, Mustafa
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.322-334
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    • 2020
  • Background: Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the factors which causes direct or indirect gas and dust explosion, mine fire, the release of toxic gases, loss of reserve, and loss of miners' life. To avoid these incidents, the prediction of spontaneous combustion is essential. The safety of miner's in the mining field can be assured if the prediction of a coal fire is carried out at an early stage. Method: Adularya Underground Coal Mine which is fully mechanized with longwall mining method was selected as a case study area. The data collected for 2017, by sensors from ten gas monitoring stations were used for the simulation and prediction of a coal fire. In this study, the fuzzy logic model is used because of the uncertainties, nonlinearity, and imprecise variables in the data. For coal fire prediction, CO, O2, N2, and temperature were used as input variables whereas fire intensity was considered as the output variable.The simulation of the model is carried out using the Mamdani inference system and run by the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB. Results: The results showed that the fuzzy logic system is more reliable in predicting fire intensity with respect to uncertainties and nonlinearities of the data. It also indicates that the 1409 and 610/2B gas station points have a greater chance of causing spontaneous combustion and therefore require a precautional measure. Conclusion: The fuzzy logic model shows higher probability in predicting fire intensity with the simultaneous application of many variables compared with Graham's index.

A Study on Flash Points and Fire Points of Acids Using Closed Cup and Open-cup Apparatus (밀폐식과 개방식 장치를 이용한 Acid류의 인화점과 연소점에 관한 연구)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong;Han, Jong-Geun;Lee, Sung-Jin
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.20 no.3 s.63
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2006
  • The flash and fire point are the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable material. The flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel. The fire point is the temperature of the flammable liquid at which there will be flaming combustion, sustained 5 seconds in response to the pilot flame. In this study, the flash points and fire points were measured to present raw data of the flammable risk assessment for acids, using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup(C.C.) apparatus (ASTM-D93) and Tag Open-cup (O.C.) apparatus(ASTM D 1310-86). The measured fire points were compared with the estimated values based on 1.11 times stoichiometric concentration. The values calculated by the proposed equation were in good agreement with measured values.

A Development of Consequence Analysis System for Combustible Materials Release Events Based on HTML5 Web (HTML5 웹 기반 가연성 물질 누출 피해영향평가 시스템 개발)

  • Lee, Ugwiyeon;Ji, Hyunmin;Oh, Jeongseok;Cho, Wansu
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.39-60
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    • 2019
  • Korea Gas Safety Corporation is developing consequence analysis system for combustible materials release events to enhance risk assessment technology and its efficiency. Unlike general consequence analysis programs, the final consequence area was implemented through ETA analysis based on API-581 standard, and a convenient user interface was constructed based on HTML5-based responsive web technology. In addition, a phase equilibrium module using third-order state equations (such as Peng-Robinson, SRK, and RK) and fugecity was implemented to analyze the mixture quality. Also. using the consequence analysis algorithm introduced in CCPS books and TNO Yellow Book, we developed material leak analysis module, fireball, pool fire, jet fire, flash fire, and vapor cloud explosion consequence assessment module. In addition, the conditions for calculating the safety distance were prepared with using the control values in the EIGA standard, PAC, and Bevi Reference Book.

A Study of Damage Assessment Caused by Hydrogen Gas Leak in Tube Trailer Storage Facilities (수소 Tube Trailer 저장시설에서의 수소가스 누출에 따른 사고피해예측에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Rak;Hwang, Seong-Min;Yoon, Myong-O
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.32-38
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    • 2011
  • As the using rate of an explosive gas has been increased in the industrial site, the regional residents adjacent to the site as well as the site workers have frequently fallen into a dangerous situation. Damage caused by accident in the process using hydrogen gas is not confined only to the relevant process, but also is linked to a large scale of fire or explosion and it bring about heavy casualties. Therefore, personnel in charge should investigate the kinds and causes of the accident, forecast the scale of damage and also, shall establish and manage safety countermeasures. We, in Anti-Calamity Research Center, forecasted the scope of danger if break out a fire or/and explosion in hydrogen gas facilities of MLCC firing process. We selected piping leak accident, which is the most frequent accident case based on an actual analysis of accident data occurred. We select and apply piping leak accident which is the most frequent case based on an actual accident data as a model of damage forecasting scenario caused by accident. A jet fire breaks out if hydrogen gas leaks through pipe size of 10 mm ΦΦ under pressure of 120 bar, and in case of 4kw/m24kw/m2 of radiation level, the radiation heat can produce an effect on up to distance of maximum 12.45 meter. Herein, we are going to recommend safety security and countermeasures for improvement through forecasting of accident damages.