• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.415-422
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• 2000

Enzymatic resolution is becoming increasingly important in the production of optically active pharmaceutical drugs and is now challenging the traditional synthetic methods for production of a variety of chiral intermediates and products. This article reviews the recent advances in chirotechnology using enzymes as a catalyst to resolve chiral compounds. The review focuses on the recent trends in chirotechnology and the application of enzymes to the production of industrially valuable pharmaceutical drugs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, potential anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic hydrolysates from Styela clava flesh tissue was assessed via nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccahride (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vivo zebrafish model. MATERIALS/METHODS: We investigated the ability of enzymatic hydrolysates from Styela clava flesh tissue to inhibit LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the molecular mechanism through which this inhibition occurred. In addition, we evaluated anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic hydrolysates against a LPS-exposed in in vivo zebrafish model. RESULTS: Among the enzymatic hydrolysates, Protamex-proteolytic hydrolysate exhibited the highest NO inhibitory effect and was fractionated into three ranges of molecular weight by using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (MWCO 5 kDa and 10 kDa). The above 10 kDa fraction down-regulated LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby reducing production of NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The above 10 kDa fraction suppressed LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. In addition, the above 10 kDa fraction inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Furthermore, NO production in live zebrafish induced by LPS was reduced by addition of the above 10 kDa fraction from S. clava enzymatic hydrolysate. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that hydrolysates derived from S. clava flesh tissue would be new anti-inflammation materials in functional resources.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.619-623
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• 2014

The acid hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification were carried out for the production of cellulosic ethanol. The possibility of bio-energy production from tangerine peel and apple and watermelon rind was evaluated by determining the optimum production condition. The optimum conditions for the production of cellulosic ethanol from fruit peel were as follows: the sulfuric acid concentration and reaction time of acid hydrolysis for the ethanol production from an apple rind were 20 wt% and 90 min, respectively. The concentration of sulfuric acid for tangerine peel and a watermelon rind at the hydrolysis time of 60 min were 15 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. A viscozyme was proven as the best conversion for the ethanol production when using enzymatic saccharification from fruit peels. The optimum enzymatic saccharification time for tangerine peel and apple and watermelon rind were 60, 180, and 120 min, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2015

In this study, the production of total reducing sugar from macro green-algae Enteromorpha intestinalis by enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. As a result of enzymatic hydrolysis using 13 kind commercial enzymes, the highest yield of 8.75% was obtained from Viscozyme L, which is multi-enzyme complex such as cellulase, arabanase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase and xylanase. As a control, only 0.33% and 0.27% yield were obtained from 1% sulfuric acid and 0.05 M citrate buffer (pH 4.8), respectively. In the case of enzyme mixture, the mixture of $Viscozyme^{(R)}$ L and $Cellic^{(R)}$ CTec2 (1:1) was presented the highest yield of 10.67%. Finally, the 14.99% yield was obtained at 36 hr under the condition of 10% biomass and 30% enzyme mixture.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 1993

Cell lytic enzyme, 5'-phosphodiesterase, and AMP-deaminase were used to produce yeast extract as a natural seasoning from beer yeast cells. Prior to the addition of cell lytic enzyme, heat treatment was performed to increase the cell wall degradation` the optimum condition of the cell lytic enzyme was 50C at pH 7.0. The production yields by the enzymatic method and conventional autolysis method were 42% and 35%, respectively. The total quantity of 5'-nucleotides, GMP and IMP, produced by enzymatic method was increased by 45% than that by the conventional method. Futhermore, the operation time of enzymatic method was only 6.5 hrs, significantly reduced from 24 hrs of the conventional method.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

The high costs for ethanol production with lignocellulosic biomass as a second generation energy materials currently deter commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass, especially wood biomass which is considered as the most recalcitrant material for enzymatic hydrolysis mainly due to the high lignified structure and the nature of the lignin component. Therefore, overcoming recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass for converting carbohydrates into sugar that can subsequently be converted into biobased fuels and biobased products is the primary technical and economic challenge for bioconversion process. This study was mainly reviewed on the research trend of the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis for lignocellulosic biomass after pretreatment in bioethanol production process.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.471-471
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.566-570
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• 2018

Because glycosylation of aesculetin and its 6-glucoside, aesculin, enhances their biological activities and physicochemical properties, whole-cell biotransformation and enzymatic synthesis methodologies using Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase were compared to determine the optimal production method for glycoside derivatives. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of reaction products revealed two glycosylated products (AGG1 and AGG2) when aesculin was used as an acceptor, and three products (AG1, AG2, and AG3) when using aesculetin. The whole-cell biotransformation production yields of the major transfer products for each acceptor (AGG1 and AG1) were 85% and 25%, respectively, compared with 68% and 14% for enzymatic synthesis. These results indicate that whole-cell biotransformation is more efficient than enzymatic synthesis for the production of glycoside derivatives.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

This study investigated the immuno-potentiating activities of Japanese mud shrimp Upogebia major. We examined the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and on the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines including $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of six enzymatic hydrolysates of U. major (alcalase, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin [${\alpha}-Chy$], trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, protamex) significantly increased the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells, with ${\alpha}-Chy$ having the greatest effect. This hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes at 3 and 10 kDa to created three fractions (below 3 kDa, between 3 and 10 kDa, and above 10 kDa). Of these, the <3 kDa and >10 kDa fractions showed significant increases in NO production. These two fractions also induced $PGE_2$ production in RAW 264.7 cells and showed significant increases in the expression of all cytokines studied. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major is a potentially useful food material with immune-potentiating effects.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1997

The effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper treated with physical or chemical treatment were investigated. To gain the higher saccharification rate, physical or chemical treatment are necessary in enzymatic conversion process of waste paper. The major deterrents to the effective utilization of waste paper for enzymatic conversion process are phenolic compounds, cellulose crystallinity and coating materials. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper, the deterrents through enzymatic conversion process can be eliminated by the physical or chemical treatment. This study was performed to obtain the optimal condition for enzymatic conversion process of non-treated waste paper and to review effects on enzymatic conversion process of waste paper treated with physical or chemical methods. In the aspect of saccharification rate, waste paper treated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite was the most effective and in physical treatment methods, multi-stage treatment(autohydrolysis+refining treatment) was more effective than the other physical treatment.