• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.461-466
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• 2000

Tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III from the flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana showed potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intraperitoneal administration of these two compounds with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, for seven days to streptozotocin-induced rats significantly reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL- and VLDI-cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared with those of control group. Glycitein in which 5-OH is unlinked and tectoridin (7-O-glycoside of tectorigenin) isolated from the flowers of P. thunbergiana did not improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In addition, tectorigenin showed in vitro antioxidant effects on 1,1-diphenyl-B-pirylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, xanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide anion radical, and lipid peroxidation in rat microsomes induced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. We further found that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III protected the Vero cell line(normal monkey kidney) from injury by hydrogen peroxide. From these findings, it seems likely that the antioxidant action of tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III may alleviate the streptozotocin-induced toxicity and contribute to hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1082-1091
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• 2024

The antioxidant capacity and protective effect of peptides from protein hydrolysate of Cordyceps militaris cultivated with tussah pupa (ECPs) on H₂O₂-injured HepG2 cells were studied. Results indicated ECP1 (<3 kDa) presented the strongest antioxidant activity compared with other molecular weight peptides. Pretreated with ECPs observably enhanced survival rates and reduced apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells. ECPs treatment decreased the ROS level, MDA content and increased CAT and GSH-Px activities of HepG2 cells. Besides, the morphologies of natural peptides from C. militaris cultivated with tussah pupa (NCP1) and ECP1 were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characterization results suggested the structure of NCP1 was changed by enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. Most of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids contents (ACC) in ECP1 were also observably improved by enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, low molecular weight peptides had potential value in the development of cosmetics and health food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

This study was conducted for the production of water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from buckwheat hulls by using Celluclast or Viscozyme. The functionality of this SDF, including antioxidant activity, glucose- and bile acid-retardation effects in vitro, was measured. SDF yields from cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were 60.5 and 123.7 g/kg dry matter, respectively. Analysis of molecular weight distribution of SDF by using gel chromatography showed that SDF degradation increased with increase in reaction time. The antioxidant activity of SDF obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis was higher than that of dietary fiber without enzyme treatment. SDF showed higher retardation effects on glucose and bile acid than the sample without dietary fiber did. The results of this study suggested that SDF produced from buckwheat hull by enzymatic hydrolysis is a good source of functional food material because of its high antioxidant activity and glucose- and bile acid-retardation effects.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.445-453
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• 2016

Seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis a marine teleost fish, has long been used as one of the essential materials in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the uses of seahorse have been limited due to its high cost, despite its beneficial biological activities. Seahorse has not been widely explored for its biofunctional properties and active components. In the present study, the enzymatic hydrolysates of seahorse were prepared by using two digestive enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) and five food grade enzymes (neutrase, protamex, alcalase, kojizyme, and flavourzyme). The enzymatic hydrolysates indicated higher hydrolysis yields than its water extract. Among them, the distilled water-pepsin hydrolysate (DP) which was obtained by distilled water extraction followed by pepsin hydrolysis, showed the highest yield and protein content as well as the highest alkyl radical scavenging activity. Also, it provided protective effects against oxidative stress induced by AAPH in vero cell and zebrafish. Further fractionation based on the molecular weight was carried out to identify it’s active components, and < 5 kDa (less than 5 kDa) molecular weight fraction was confirmed to have the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study suggests that DP of seahorse has antioxidant properties, and might be a novel and useful material from the marine origin for healthy functional foods and cosmetics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1612-1619
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, including enzyme-to-substrate (E/S) ratio, pH, and temperature, for producing porcine liver hydrolysates (PLHs) with the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity by using response surface methodology (RSM). Methods: The study used RSM to determine the combination of hydrolysis parameters that maximized the antioxidant activity of our PLHs. Temperature ($40^{\circ}C$, $54^{\circ}C$, and $68^{\circ}C$), pH (8.5, 9.5, and 10.5), and E/S ratio (0.1%, 2.1%, and 4.1%) were selected as the independent variables and analyzed according to the preliminary experiment results, whereas DPPH free radical scavenging activity was selected as the dependent variable. Results: Analysis of variance showed that E/S ratio, pH, and temperature significantly affected the hydrolysis process (p<0.01). The optimal conditions for producing PLHs with the highest scavenging activity were as follows: E/S ratio, 1.4% (v/w); temperature, $55.5^{\circ}C$; and initial pH, 10.15. Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, and reducing power of PLHs were 24.12%, 79%, 98.18%, and 0.601 absorbance unit, respectively. The molecular weight of most PLHs produced under these optimal conditions was less than 5,400 Da and contained 45.7% hydrophobic amino acids. Conclusion: Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis can be applied to obtain favorable antioxidant hydrolysates from porcine liver with potential applications in food products for preventing lipid oxidation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1216-1223
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to isolate antioxidant peptides from an enzymatic hydrolysate of Spirulina platensis. A novel antioxidant peptide was obtained by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay used to measure the antioxidant activity, and the sequence was determined to be Pro-Asn-Asn (343.15 Da) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. This peptide was synthesized to confirm its antioxidant properties, and it exhibited 81.44 ± 0.43% DPPH scavenging activity at 100 μg/ml, which was similar to that of glutathione (82.63 ± 0.56%). Furthermore, the superoxide anion and hydroxyl free-radical scavenging activities and the SOD activity of the peptide were 47.84 ± 0.49%, 54.01 ± 0.82%, and 12.55 ± 0.75%, respectively, at 10 mg/ml. These results indicate that S. platensis is a good source of antioxidant peptides, and that its hydrolysate may have important applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

Due to the potential of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals in human body, it is important to be able to prepare antioxidant peptides that meet the industrial requirements for cosmetics and food. Here, we determined in vivo/in vitro activities of antioxidant peptide from P. fucata (PFAOP) prepared by bio-fermentation method. The antioxidant property test results showed the DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical-scavenging, and cellular antioxidant activity. EC50 values of PFAOPs were 0.018 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.008, 0.168 ± 0.005, and 0.105 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively, exhibiting higher antioxidant activities than glutathione (p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-proliferation and cytotoxicity activity results illustrated PFAOP has a potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 carcinoma cells with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the protocols we developed in this work demonstrated several excellent advantages in PFAOP preparation compared to enzymatic hydrolysis or chemical synthesis methods and provide a theoretical foundation for higher-value application of marine-derived functional peptides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 2010

In this study, Sargassum coreanum was enzymatically hydrolyzed to prepare water-soluble extracts by using five carbohydrates (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavozyme and Alcalase) and their potential antioxidant activity were evaluated. The Celluclast and Neutrase extracts of Sargassum coreanum exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging activities (92.42% and 92.78%, respectively) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) scavenging activities (58.28% and 57.97%, respectively) compared to those of other enzymatic extracts. These results suggest that Sargassum coreanum would be a good raw materials for antioxidant and enzymatic hydrolysis would be a good strategy to prepare antioxidant extracts from seaweeds.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

In the present study, an optimum protease was selected to hydrolyze the egg white liquid protein for the antioxidant peptides. Alcalase treatment yielded the highest amount of ${\alpha}$-amino groups (15.27 mg/mL), while the control (no enzymatic hydrolysis) showed the lowest amount of ${\alpha}$-amino groups (1.53 mg/mL). Alcalase also gave the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) value (43.2%) and was more efficient for egg white liquid hydrolysis than the other enzymes. The Alcalase hydrolysate had the highest radical-scavenging activity (82.5%) at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. The conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of egg white liquid with Alcalase were selected as substrate : water ratio of 2:1. Five percent Alacalse treatment did not show significant (P>0.05) increases of DH and ${\alpha}$-amino nitrogen content after 24 hhydrolysis. Thirty two hour-hydrolysis with 5% Alcalase is sufficient to make antioxidative egg white liquid hydrolysate from egg white liquid. DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were significantly (P<0.05) higher after enzymatic digestion. These results suggest that active peptides released from egg-white protein are effective radical-scavengers. Thus, this approach may be useful for the preparation of potent antioxidant products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1692-1700
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• 2021

Glycosylation of resveratrol was carried out by using the amylosucrase of Deinococcus geothermalis, and the glycosylated products were tested for their solubility, chemical stability, and biological activities. We synthesized and identified these two major glycosylated products as resveratrol-4'-O-α-glucoside and resveratrol-3-O-α-glucoside by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis with a ratio of 5:1. The water solubilities of the two resveratrol-α-glucoside isomers (α-piceid isomers) were approximately 3.6 and 13.5 times higher than that of β-piceid and resveratrol, respectively, and they were also highly stable in buffered solutions. The antioxidant activity of the α-piceid isomers, examined by radical scavenging capability, showed it to be initially lower than that of resveratrol, but as time passed, the α-piceid isomers' activity reached a level similar to that of resveratrol. The α-piceid isomers also showed better inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells than β-piceid. The cellular uptake of the α-piceid isomers, which was assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis of the cell-free extracts of B16F10 melanoma cells, demonstrated that the glycosylated form of resveratrol was gradually converted to resveratrol inside the cells. These results indicate that the enzymatic glycosylation of resveratrol could be a useful method for enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol.