• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.328-340
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• 2012

Purpose: This study explored the degree of internet addiction and its influencing factors in lower grade elementary school children in rural areas. Methods: Subjects included 1,137 elementary school children. A structured questionnaire consisting of questions internet addiction, family function and school life satisfaction was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA and Correlation and Regression were performed using a SPSS program. Results: Among the subjects, 85.8% were regular users, 8.1% were potential risk users, and 6.1% were high-risk users. Career of internet use, daily internet access time, the number of conversations per week, the number of times spent eating out and traveling with parents within the last month and activities with friends, and satisfaction on school life differed significantly according to the degree of internet addiction. Finally, among the factors studied, daily internet access time, conversations within family, activities with friends and school life satisfaction in children in early elementary school was 20.7% of the explanatory power of the subjects' degree of internet addiction, collectively. Conclusion: Use of the internet by early elementary school children should be monitored and strategies to promote familial conversations, activities with peers and school life satisfaction should be developed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2014

Purpose of this study is to analyze eye movements of pre-service teachers and elementary students about a visual material of the change on the lunar phases. Eye-Tracker was used for analysis for eye-fixation time and eye movement at the structure, behavior, function question on the visual material. The Results were as follows. First, the pre-service teacher checked the visual materials from a holistic perspective depending on the function questions and fixed eye-fixation on the moon of the behavior question concerned. On the contrary, elementary school student only checked function of the moon located in the upper part and eye-fixation focus was spread here and there regardless of the questions. Second, the pre-service teacher gazed at the sun, earth and moon in a consecutive order depending on the questions to identify their spatial relations and checked location of the moon related to the question. On the contrary, the elementary school student did not view relations between earth, sun and moon from a spatial perspective. These findings indicate that the pre-service teacher conjures up the mechanism of the change on the lunar phases and confirms it in visual materials by visualizing change on the lunar phase model from earth's point of view while the elementary school student fails to take advantage of visual materials to visualize it from earth's point of view.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.693-711
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 제 7차 교육과정의 초 중등학교에서 가르치는 생물 수업 목표 간의 연계성을 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 각학년에서 7개의 중요한 영역인 세포, 식물의 형태와 기능, 동물의 형태와 기능, 유전, 생물의 다양성, 진화, 생태와 환경 영역을 분석하였다. 목표들 간의 관계를 나타내기 위해 수업 목표의 연계성 지도를 제시하였다. 이 연구 결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 세포에 대한 개념은 초등학교를 포함해서 저학년에서 충분히 다루어지지 않고 있다. 에너지 대사 개념이 반복적으로 다루어지고 있지만, 초등학교에서 에너지 대사 개념을 학습할 때 에너지 개념은 다루지 않았다. 둘째, 고등학교와는 달리 초등학교와 중학교의 교과서들이 식물의 형태와 기능에 관한 주요 개념들을 다루고 있다. 셋째, 유전과 진화와 같은 개념이 추상적인 개념이어서 중학교 이상인 고학년에서 다루어지고 있다. 생물의 다양성뿐만 아니라 유전과 진화가 학년간의 연계성이 없어서, 새로운 교육과정에서는 이러한 개념들 간의 연계가 필요하다. 넷째, 생물의 다양성, 생태와 환경, 진화 그리고 식물의 형태와 기능 영역이 일부 학년 수준에서만 제한적으로 다루어지고 있다. 초중고의 모든 학년을 통하여 수업 목표간의 연계성을 알아보는 수업 목표 간의 연계성 분석 결과는 교육과정과 교과서 개발을 위한 초기 자료로써 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2015

In this article, we show that many of the genera that Giulietti and Fanali obtained from subfields of the GK curve can be obtained by using similar techniques used by Garcia, Stichtenoth and Xing. In the meantime, we obtain some new genera from the subfields of GK and generalized GK function fields.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.619-640
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to promote alternative plans on the prejudiced and distorted parts in school textbooks in the aspect of multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community. This was done through analysis of the contents in 44 kinds of schoolbooks in Korean language (30 of elementary school, 12 of middle school and 2 of high school). This will lead to promote the understanding about the multi-functionality and form the proper value system related to agriculture and rural community for children and juveniles using schoolbooks. A content analysis which is a research tool to classify all contents of materials containing the properties to become the object of interest in a systematic way, was employed to examine to what extent the contents on agriculture and rural community were reflected in the textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school. The content analysis was done in two categories, namely; application method and function view. Application method had four types of texts, cases, figures pictures, and activities, while function view emphasized the relevance for the multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community (i.e., function of environment preservation, function of rural scenery and rural traditional culture conservation, function of maintenance and development of local society, and function of food security). The results of application method in elementary school showed that the textbook of the second-year class having a large amount of figures pictures related to agriculture and rural community, had the highest frequency in all six grades. In the function view, the environment preservation function was most abundant among a variety of multi-functionalities. In middle school, the average frequency had shown a rapid decrease. However, the function of environment preservation in the function view and the texts by application method were most frequent. in the first-year class. In high school, however, any mention related to agriculture and rural community was not made, in spite of the fact that the ten parts of textbook contained a lot of contents with a reasonable level. Based on the results of content analysis, findings and recommendations by part in textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school have been drawn, and several examples for the content development to be included in the textbooks were listed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.379-392
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of animation-based instruction on elementary students' level of understanding and interest on a plant's structure and function, using "Magic School Bus(Joanna Cole, Bruce Degen, 1986)". The understanding and interest measurements were administered to 99 fifth grade students at a elementary school located in Seoul. The study examined the changes in understanding and interest through pre-test and post-test of the two groups. Intensive interviews were conducted to find factors that enhance understanding and interest. Three key findings were revealed from the results. First, the animation-based instruction enhanced the level of understanding in the experimental group compared to the control group. Second, animation-based instruction made high-achieving students enhance their interest in topic component and attitude component. And, animation-based instruction did not led low-achieving students to increase their interest in the topic component and attitude component. We suggest that animation-based instruction positively influences students' understanding, but its effects on students' interest are dependent on their conceptual understanding of the topic.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2006

This study was done to establish clothing sizing system which can provide good fitting of apparel and minimize the loss due to excess inventory. One demensional mesurments(R. Martin) were made with the subjects, who were girls aged 11 to 12 living in Pusan and Kyungnam. Further the above-said mesurements were used to determine optimal clothing sizes using loss function for establishment of clothing sizing system. According to the results, optimal sizes of upper clothing for the late elementary schoolgirls should include 7 sizes, which will include heightbust circumferencesleeve length. And optimal sizes of lower clothing for the late elementary schoolgirls should include 7 sizes, which will include heightbust circumferencehip circumference.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of writing science diary on science learning motivation, science academic achievement and ecological sensitivity of elementary students. Teaching unit was focused on 'The structure and function of plants' in 6th grade science text book. The subjects of study were 51 students of two classes. One class of 25 students, experimental group, wrote science diaries as homework. While the other class of 26 students, comparative group, performed homeworks with fill-in-the-blank worksheets. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, writing science diary had a meaningful effect on improvement of science learning motivation. Second, writing science diary had a meaningful effect on improvement of science academic achievement. Third, writing science diary had a meaningful effect on improvement of ecological sensitivity. And we could find that students had a favorable impression and high satisfaction level about writing science diary from the questionnaire.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop a risk communication material on artificial food color additives for elementary school students. The development was based on a previous study on the perception and information needs of elementary school students on artificial food colors including that the students usually were interested in artificial food colors, but didn't know about those well, and they wanted to get information on the safety of their intake, function and necessity of food color additives. Based on the above results, a comic book on artificial food colors was developed as a risk communication material for the elementary school students by brainstorming and consultation with experts. The book was titled as 'Variegated artificial food colors! Understanding and Eating'. It contained basic information on food additives focused on artificial food colors including definition, function, calculation of ADI, usage of artificial food colors, quizzes and useful web sites, etc. The results of field evaluation for the developed material by 101 elementary school students were very positive in getting the correct information, understanding artificial food colors and having proper attitude for healthy dietary life. Therefore, the developed material could be used to help elementary school students have proper perception on artificial food colors and facilitate the risk communication on food additives.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1982

We must encourage the use of the spirometer as part of routine examination of nearly all adult patients. Despite the theoretical problems of the water spirometer and its Poor frequency response, the water spirometer is adequate for the physiological function tests even in healthy people. The aim of this study was to report the pulmonary function studies of athletic swimmers. Subjects were 85 athletic swimmers from 9 to 25 years of age. They were elementary school boys and girls, middle school boys and girls, high school boys and girls, and college students. The results are as follows: 1) Frequency of breath: (cycle/min, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $19{\pm}4.7$, elementary school girls $22{\pm}7.9$, middle school boys $17{\pm}2.4$, middle school girls $18{\pm}8.2$, high school boys $15{\pm}3.4$, high school girls $15{\pm}9.7$, and college male students $12{\pm}3.2$. 2) Vital capacity: (1, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $2.60{\pm}0.480$, elementary school girls $2.22{\pm}0.412$, middle school boys $3.63{\pm}0.598$, middle school girls $2.80{\pm}0.303$, high school boys $4.70{\pm}0.487$, high school girls $3.23{\pm}0.509$, and college male students $4.30{\pm}0.608$. 3) Tidal volume: (ml, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $462{\pm}59$, elementary school girls $395{\pm}110$, middle school boys $524{\pm}78$, middle school girls $421{\pm}59$, high school boys $612{\pm}101$, high school girls $494{\pm}123$, and college male students $603{\pm}121$. 4) Breath holding time: (sec, $M{\pm}SD$) Elementary school boys show $58{\pm}21.2$, elementary school girls $36{\pm}11.1$, middle school boys $61{\pm}16.7$. middle school girls $53{\pm}21.0$, high school boys $64{\pm}9.1$, high school girls $49{\pm}15.3$, and college male students $81{\pm}23.0$.