• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-117
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of anxiety about economic change in middle-aged and elderly people and to analyze the factors that influence this anxiety. The data, derived from Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) were collected from Survey Research Center of Sung Kyun Kwan University. The samples included 821 people over the age of 40, including 529 middle-aged people who were from 40 to 59, and elderly people who were over 60. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings from the analysis showed that age and subjective economic status had crucial effects on the entire group's anxiety about unemployment and poverty, housing prices, financial markets, and economic recession in the older life. For the middle-aged group, age in particular had crucial effects on all the components of its anxiety about economic change. For the elderly group, geographical region was the most critical factor that affected its anxiety about economic change, the elderly people who were living in metropolitan area and towns had more anxiety than those who were living in rural areas. In particular, region was the only factor that affected the elderly group's anxiety about financial markets, and economic recession. These results showed that specific age of middle-aged and elderly people had the crucial effects while their sex, educational level, and the employment status of their spouse had no effects on their anxiety about economic change. Objective economic indices such as their earned-income and other income including savings and pensions had no effects on their anxiety level. While as noted above subjective economic indices such as their standard of living compared with their parents, projected economic status, and level of socio-economic success had an effect on anxiety about economic change.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate economic anxiety, self-efficacy, and financial stress levels in middle-aged male and identify factors affecting financial stress and provide baseline data for the development of nursing interventions to reduce financial stress in middle-aged male. Methods : Participants were 91 middle-aged male who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data collection period was from April 1, 2020, to May 1. In this study, the questionnaire of economic anxiety, self-efficiency, financial stress was used. The data were analyzed by average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum correlation and regression using SPSS version 21.0. Results : In this study, the financial stress of middle-aged male affected economic anxiety with significant results (β=.628, p<.001). The absolute model's explanatory power was 36.8 % (adjusted R2=.368), indicating that economic anxiety affects financial stress levels in middle-aged male (F=27.151, p<.001). Conclusion : This study shows that economic anxiety affects financial stress. Based on the research results, basic data for the development and application of nursing programs to reduce financial stress were presented in consideration of the economic anxiety of middle-aged males. Therefore, there is a need for mediation to help middle-aged men positively recognize real-life situations and changes in society. Such mediation involves the development and application of educational and counseling programs that can reduce financial stress and economic anxiety in middle-aged men.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.763-780
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether middle-aged people's anxiety about economic well-being in old age affects problem drinking and to verify whether there is relationship between anxiety about economic well-being in old age and to examine the problem drinking could be mitigated by social supports. We used the 2015 Korean Adults' Psycho-Social Anxiety Survey data. To detect the moderating effect of social supports, we employed a method of hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The result of the study showed that the higher the anxiety about economic well-being in old age among middle-aged adults, the higher was the likelihood of problem drinking. Moreover, the relationship between anxiety about economic well-being in old age and problem drinking could be moderated by social supports. Based on the empirical findings, this study suggests that education to deal with middle-aged people's anxiety about economic well-being in old age should be developed and recommends that counseling and community programs for social supports to be implemented as a preventive approach.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study, we sought to identify the impact of aging anxiety and successful aging on the personality traits of elderly. Method: Subjects were 108 elderly persons aged more than 65 years. Data collected from June to November 2015 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: With regard to the mean scores of personality traits, conscientiousness yielded the highest score, and neuroticism the lowest. The mean score on aging anxiety was below average, and that on successful aging was above average. Aging anxiety differed significantly according to age, present job, economic status, and health status. Successful aging differed significantly according to having a spouse, economic status, and health status. Significant correlations were found between anxiety and conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism, and between successful aging and conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. Conscientiousness and neuroticism had an effect on aging anxiety (23.2%), whereas conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism affected aging anxiety (45.3%). Conclusion: These findings indicate that personality traits reduce aging anxiety and lead to successful aging among elderly.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the economic stress and state-trait anxiety on the periodontal disease in order to prevent the occurrence and progression of periodontal disease. Date were collected from total of 326 subjects in their forties and fifties by using questionnaire and examination of periodontal states during the period from February to November 2011. Results were analyzed by using frequency, t-test, ANOVA and Multiple regression of SPSS ver. 19.0. 1. The economic stress were significant statistically to the higher, medium and low of gingival index (p<0.01). 2. The state-trait anxiety were significant statistically to the higher, medium and low of gingival index (p<0.001), of the pocket depth (p<0.05), of the clinical attachment loss (p<0.05). 3. The gingival index were investigate effect of the higher the economic stress ($\beta$=0.052, p<0.01), the higher the state-trait anxiety ($\beta$=0.052, p<0.01). As a result, this study suggests that the dental clinic institute needs to let the patients with the periodontal disease know about the effects of economic stress and state-trait anxiety. They also necessarily need to implement education program including stress management, economic stress, and state-trait anxiety improvement in order to prevent periodontal disease and to take charge.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-131
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of economic stress on aging anxiety focusing on the moderating effect of motivations for participation in volunteering, and age. In order to accomplish these purposes, a total of 182 elderly who have been volunteering were used for final analysis. The results from the multiple regression showed that economic stress increases aging anxiety among elderly and motivations for participation in volunteering are likely to mitigate aging anxiety. Also, aging anxiety is expected to be lower as people are older and have higher self-oriented motivation for volunteering. Based on the result, political and practical implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-86
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• 1983

The purpose of study carried out to determine the effect of informativeness influeucing the state-Anxiety of Hysterectomy patient, the relationship between Hysterectomy patient's general characteristics on State-Anxiety. and to investigation the cause of hysterectomy patient's Anxiety, the relationship between the cause of Anxiety and State-Anxiety. This stuad carried out between April 14. to May 24. 1983. This study sample consisted of 104 Hysterectomy patient who admitted to department of obstetrics of Seoul National University Hospital, Korea University Hospital, Han Yang University Hospital and Seung Nam Hospital. The Sample were divided into two groups; fifty two of experimental and fifty two of control group. The method used for the collection of data were set of information prepared by reseacher and state-Anxiety Inventory, The Questionnaire of state-Anxiety Inventory was made up 20 items. The data was analyzed by computer program. The results of the study were as follows. 1. There was shown state Anxiety to be alleviated by experimental group and control group. 2. There was significant relation between experimental group and control group. (p<0.01) 3. There was relation of state-Anxiety by education Level: Experimental group (p＜0.05) control group (p<0.05) religion : only control group (p＜0.05)economic state : only control group (p<0.05) The people who encouraged hysterectomy: Experimental group (p<0.05) control group (p＜0.0001) 4. The cause of preoperative anxiety about hysterectomy were as follows: 1) destruction of body image(=loss of uterus) 2) husband's attitude 3) Expactation that hysterectomy will adversely affect sexual relation 5. Among the cause of Anxiety, R²for state-Anxiety were as follows: 1) economic state 17.3% 2) deatch 21.6% 3) Expactation that hysterectomy will adversely affect sexual relation 24.5%.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

This study is to identify perceptions and response degrees of anxiety for each factor, targeting patients for CT test and analyze the relations between factors. It is to provide scientific fundamental data to reduce anxiety by improving awareness of patients about CT test by analyzing relations between variables. The subjects of this study were surveyed in self-writing type, targeting 263 patients for CT test in the department of radiology at three University hospitals from July to September, 2010. This survey was executed once by a structured self-administered survey type. The targeting patients for CT test of anxiety will investigate for affect. Anxiety by each CT test variables depending on CT test-related features showed independent variable is Expense Responsibility, Economic burden, Sufficient explain, Explain agent, Endoscope, Biopsy, Pre treatment, Previous experience, CT side effect experience, Side effect of contrast medium and dependent variable is physical, Hospital staff, Hospital environment, Socioeconomic These used statistics program SPSS (ver. 13.0). Summarizing the above results of this study, awareness of anxiety and response to it in each variable under CT test appeared significant differences in economic burdens, state anxiety, pre-treatment anxiety, exposure anxiety to radiation, and anxiety of side effect. Therefore, pre-treatment before test and pre-training programs on chemical poison of contrast medium and side effect seem to be able to release patients' anxiety level for CT test. Ways to meditate these anxiety variables and reduce degree of anxiety are needed to be researched more and updated. In addition, impact of patients' economic burdens on CT test anxiety is required to be recognized and solved in society level.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty of patients who participated in the clinical trials for anticancer drug, and to identify correlations among these variables. Methods: Cross-sectional survey used the Symptom Check List-90-Revision and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale from 106 subjects in 2011. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The mean score of anxiety was 2.06, that of depression 2.35, and that of uncertainty 2.61. Anxiety and depression (r=.70), anxiety and uncertainty (r=.44), depression and uncertainty (r=.60) were significantly correlated each other. The levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty were different in various characteristics of the subjects, such as education, recurrence, and economic burden. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that when implementing psychosocial interventions for cancer patients who participate in clinical trial, factors such as education, economic burden, and recurrence should be integrated into the intervention. Further studies applying theoretical model would be helpful to identify directional relationships among the variables that are important in psychosocial well-being of cancer patients undergoing clinical trial.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate Laughter Index, depression and anxiety in middle-aged women. Method: The data were collected from 622 middle-aged women by means of structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS version 10. Results: The measuring of respondents' laughter index revealed they scored an average of 94.75 (${\pm}16.13$) of the full score 150. The measuring of respondents' depression showed they marked an average of 42.69 (${\pm}7.72$) of the full score 80. The measuring of respondents' anxiety showed they marked an average of 42.03 (${\pm}9.48$) of the full score 80. Respondents statistically showed the significant difference in their laughter index depending on age(t=.917, p=.000), and economic status(F=21.710, p=.000). Respondents statistically revealed the significant difference in depression depending on religion(F=3.396, p=.018), economic status(F=13.660, p=.000). Respondents statistically revealed the significant difference in anxiety depending on religion(F=5.557, p=.001), economic status(F=16.79, p=.000). The laughter index related to depression and anxiety in middle-aged women were significantly correlated. Conclusion: This study showed that laughter index in middle-aged women was correlated negatively depression and anxiety. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare effects of laughter with physical health status.