• Title/Summary/Keyword: double array

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Design and Fabrication of Multi-Focusing Microlens Array with Different Numerical Apertures by using Thermal Reflow Method

  • Park, Min-Kyu;Lee, Ho Jun;Park, Ji-Sub;Kim, Mugeon;Bae, Jeong Min;Mahmud, Imtiaz;Kim, Hak-Rin
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2014
  • We present design and fabrication of a multi-focusing microlens array (MLA) using a thermal reflow method. To obtain multi-focusing properties with different numerical apertures at the elemental lens of the MLA, double-cylinder photoresist (PR) structures with different diameters were made within the guiding pattern with both photolithographic and partial developing processes. Due to the base PR layer supporting the thermal reflow process and the guiding structure, the thermally reflowed PR structure had different radii of curvatures with lens shapes that could be precisely modeled by the initial volume of the double-cylinder PR structures. Using the PR template, the hexagonally packed multi-focusing MLA was made via the replica molding method, which showed four different focal lengths of 0.9 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm, and 2.5 mm, and four different numerical apertures of 0.1799, 0.2783, 0.3973, and 0.4775.

A Study on Arrangement and Configuration of Acoustic Output Equipment according to Type of Church Broadcast Sources (교회 방송음원의 종류에 따른 음향출력 설비 구성 배치에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Eunjin;Lee, Seonhee
    • Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.80-85
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, by comparatively analyzing horn type speaker and line array type speaker developed based on line sound source theory and point sound source theory, we research whether theory is adaptable or not in real. Academically, point sound source is attenuated as much as 6dB in accordance with double distance and line sound source is attenuated as much as 3dB in accordance with double distance. Line array speaker system developed based on line sound source is analyzed by theory of line sound source about occurring small sound pressure attenuation and it is propose of research that array composition of right speaker is selected in accordance with use purpose and environment. For this purpose, we analyze theory of point sound source and line sound source. we analyze parameter value by simulating designed horn type speaker and line array speaker based on theory.

A Study of 0.5-bit Resolution for True-Time Delay of Phased-Array Antenna System

  • Cha, Junwoo;Park, Youngcheol
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.96-103
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    • 2022
  • This paper presents the analysis of increasing the resolution of True-Time-Delay (TTD) by 0.5-bit for phased-array antenna system which is one of the Multiple-Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies. For the analysis, a 5.5-bit True-Time Delay (TTD) integrated circuit is designed and analyzed in terms of beam steering performance. In order to increase the number of effective bits, the designed 5.5-bit TTD uses Single Pole Triple Throw (SP3T) and Double Pole Triple Throw (DP3T) switches, and this method can minimize the circuit area by inserting the minimum time delay of 0.5-bit. Furthermore, the circuit mostly maintains the performance of the circuit with the fully added bits. The idea of adding 0.5-bit is verified by analyzing the relation between the number of bits and array elements. The 5.5-bit TTD is designed using 0.18 ㎛ RF CMOS process and the estimated size of the designed circuit excluding the pad is 0.57×1.53 mm2. In contrast to the conventional phase shifter which has distortion of scanning angle known as beam squint phenomenon, the proposed TTD circuit has constant time delays for all states across a wide frequency range of 4 - 20 GHz with minimized power consumption. The minimum time delay is designed to have 1.1 ps and 2.2 ps for the 0.5-bit option and the normal 1-bit option, respectively. A simulation for beam patterns where the 10 phased-array antenna is assumed at 10 GHz confirms that the 0.5-bit concept suppresses the pointing error and the relative power error by up to 1.5 degrees and 80 mW, respectively, compared to the conventional 5-bit TTD circuit.

Double Resonance Perfect Absorption in a Dielectric Nanoparticle Array

  • Hong, Seokhyeon;Lee, Young Jin;Moon, Kihwan;Kwon, Soon-Hong
    • Current Optics and Photonics
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.228-232
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    • 2017
  • We propose a reflector-type perfect absorber with double absorption lines using electric and magnetic dipoles of Mie resonances in an array of silicon nanospheres on a silver substrate. In the visible range, hundreds of nanometer-sized nanospheres show strong absorption lines up to 99%, which are enhanced by the interference between Mie scattering and reflections from the silver substrate. The air gap distance between the silicon particles and silver substrate controls this interference, and the absorption wavelengths can be controlled by adjusting the diameter of the silicon particles over the entire range of visible wavelengths. Additionally, our structure has a filling factor of 0.322 when the absorbance is nearly 100%.

X-Band 6-Bit Phase Shifter with Low RMS Phase and Amplitude Errors in 0.13-㎛ CMOS Technology

  • Han, Jang-Hoon;Kim, Jeong-Geun;Baek, Donghyun
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.511-519
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    • 2016
  • This paper proposes a CMOS 6-bit phase shifter with low RMS phase and amplitude errors for an X-band phased array antenna. The phase shifter combines a switched-path topology for coarse phase states and a switch-filter topology for fine phase states. The coarse phase shifter is composed of phase shifting elements, single-pole double-throw (SPDT), and double-pole double-throw (DPDT) switches. The fine phase shifter uses a switched LC filter. The phase coverage is $354.35^{\circ}$ with an LSB of $5.625^{\circ}$. The RMS phase error is < $6^{\circ}$ and the RMS amplitude error is < 0.45 dB at 8-12 GHz. The measured insertion loss is < 15 dB, and the return losses for input and output are > 13 dB at 8-12 GHz. The input P1dB of the phase shifter achieves > 11 dBm at 8-12 GHz. The current consumption is zero with a 1.2-V supply voltage. The chip size is $1.46{\times}0.83mm^2$, including pads.

Weight Minimization of a Double-Deck Train Carbody using Response Surface Method (반응표면 모델을 이용한 2층열차 차체의 경량화 설계)

  • Hwang Won-Ju;Kim Hyeong-Jin
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.453-458
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    • 2005
  • Weight minimization of double-deck train carbody is imperative to reduce cost and extend life-time of train. It is required to decide 36 thickness of aluminum extruded panels. However, the design variables are two many to tract. moreover, one execution of structural analysis of double-deck carbody is time-consuming. Therefore, we adopt approximation technique to save computational cost of optimization process. Response surface model is used to apporximate static response of double-deck carbody. To obtain plausible response surface model, orthogonal array is empolyed as design of experiment(DOE). Design improvement by approximate model-based optimization is described. Accuracy and efficiency of optimization by using response surface model are discussed.

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Discriminant Analysis of Marketed Liquor by a Multi-channel Taste Evaluation System

  • Kim, Nam-Soo
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.554-557
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    • 2005
  • As a device for taste sensation, an 8-channel taste evaluation system was prepared and applied for discriminant analysis of marketed liquor. The biomimetic polymer membranes for the system were prepared through a casting procedure by employing polyvinyl chloride, bis (2-ethylhexyl)sebacate as plasticizer and electroactive materials such as valinomycin in the ratio of 33:66:1, and were separately attached over the sensitive area of ion-selective electrodes to construct the corresponding taste sensor array. The sensor array in conjunction with a double junction reference electrode was connected to a high-input impedance amplifier and the amplified sensor signals were interfaced to a personal computer via an A/D converter. When the signal data from the sensor array for 3 groups of marketed liquor like Maesilju, Soju and beer were analyzed by principal component analysis after normalization, it was observed that the 1st, 2nd and 3rd principal component were responsible for most of the total data variance, and the analyzed liquor samples were discriminated well in 2 dimensional principal component planes composed of the 1st-2nd and the 1st-3rd principal component.

Design of a Scalable Systolic Synchronous Memory

  • Jeong, Gab-Joong;Kwon, Kyoung-Hwan;Lee, Moon-Key
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 1997
  • This paper describes a scalable systolic synchronous memory for digital signal processing and packet switching. The systolic synchronous memory consists of the 2-D array of small memory blocks which are fully pipelined and communicated in three directions with adjacent blocks. The maximum delay of a small memory block becomes the operation speed of the chip. The array configuration is scalable for the entire memory size requested by an application. it has the initial latency of N+3 cycles with NxN array configuration. We designed an experimental 200 MHz 4Kb static RAM chip with the 4x4 array configuration of 256 SRAM blocks. It was fabricated is 0.8$\mu\textrm{m}$ twin-well single-poly double-metal CMOS technology.

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Diamond-based neutron scatter camera

  • Alghamdi, Ahmed;Lukosi, Eric
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.1406-1413
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    • 2022
  • In this study, a diamond-based neutron scatter camera (DNSC) was developed for neutron spectroscopy in high flux environments. The DNSC was evaluated experimentally and through simulations. It was simulated using several Monte Carlo codes in a two-array layout. The two-array model included two diamond detectors. The simulation reconstructed the spectra of 252Cf and 239Pu-Be neutron sources with high accuracy (~93%). The two-diamond array system was experimentally evaluated, demonstrating the neutron spectroscopy capabilities of the DNSC. The reconstructed spectrum of the 239Pu-Be source manifested the characteristic peaks of the source. The advantage of a DNSC over a NSC is its ability to define any neutron double-scattering events without the need to absorb incident neutrons in the second detector, and atomic recoil energy information is not needed to determine the incident neutron energy.