• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Red pine (Pinus densiflora) is widely used traditional medicine, pharmacological and nutritional values from which the phytochemical compounds are derived. The present study was aimed to examine the antibacterial effects in the absence and presence of a immature red pine cone extract against 13 microorganisms. The components in the aqueous extract from immature red pine cone were identified by GC-MS. About 1.4% of total polyphenolic compound was measured in aqueous extract collected from immature red pine cone. Also, the high concentration of ${\beta}$-phellenandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate and aldehyde was detected in total ion chromatograms. Of total 13 microorganisms, 4 microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia were effectively killed by aqueous extract of immature red pine cone. The highest anti-bacterial effect was detected in P. aeruginosa, followed by V. cholera, L. monocytogenes and K. pneumonia. In case of P. aeruginosa, the largest diameter of inhibition zone was maintained to 1/2 solution treated cells and slightly decreased at 1/4 and 1/8 solution treated cells. Also, in test used V. cholera and L. monocytogenes, the inhibition zone was strongly formed in only 1 and 1/2 solution treated cells, while K. pneumonia showed the very small diameter of inhibition zone in all concentrations. Therefore, these results suggested that the aqueous extracts of immature red pine cone should be considered as a new and potentially important anti-bacterial substrate to effectively prevent the microbial infection and penetration.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

This study was practiced to survey food-borne bacterial aspects of Escherichia coli and Bacilhus cereus etc. from 210 processed seasoned marine products in Garak fishery wholesale market in Seoul, 2009. Distributions of these bacterial isolates were 28 coliforms, 32 Bacillus spp., 71 Staphylococcus spp., 11 Listeria spp, and 10 Enterococcus spp. in 157 dried squids, 23 dried file fishes, and 20 dried pollacks etc. respectively. Results in 16 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test by disc diffusion method, special multiple drugs resistance patterns were NOR + LVX + CIP + SAM + VA + S + TE + CF, SAM + C + VA, VA + S + TE, and VA + S in 9 E. coli strains, also, AMC + SAM + CF, SAM + CF, and VA + CF in 21 Bacillus cereus strains respectively. On the basis of the results above, many seasoned dried fishes had multiple drugs resistances, conclusively, we suggest limited guideline and special management on use of antibiotics in floating net cages of fishery farms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 1983

Tannase of Aspergillus sp. AN-11 isolated from contaminated acorns was purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Physiochemical properties of the purified tannase was investigated. Tannase was purified about 37 folds with the yield of 49% from the culture broth of Aspergillus sp. AN-11. The purified tannase was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and was dissociable into two identical subunits on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the tannase was determined to be 200,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The purified tannase showed a typical protein ultraviolet spectrum. The enzyme had a optimum pH 5.5 and optimum temperature at 30 to $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable at a pH range from 5.0 to 6.5 and at the temperature below $30^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was inactivated remarkably by $CuCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2. The Km value of the enzyme was $7.58{\times}10^{-4}\;M$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5132-5142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find effect of upper extremities exercises using two different supporting surface, mobile surface and fixed surface in sitting on the function of upper extremities for the patients with stroke. The study period was between July 5, 2012 and August 1 2012. The subjects were 20 subjects who were randomly divided into two groups : (1) mobile surface group, (2) fixed surface group. The mobile surface group performed bilateral upper extremities exercise sitting on balance disc, and the fixed surface group was provided fixed surface chair. Both groups performed 30 minutes 5 times per a week for 4weeks. The Manual Functional Test(MFT) and Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment(FMA) was used to measure the differences of upper extremity functions before and after interventions. The results of this study were as follows. First, Both groups, mobile surface group and fixed surface group showed the significant increase(p<.05) in upper extremity function. Second, the improvements of the hand function in mobile surface group showed significant difference comparing with the group with fixed surface. Therefore, the results of this study showed the bilateral hand exercise program on mobile surface is more effective than the fixed surface bilateral hand exercise program for the patients with stroke.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.207-211
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• 2002

항균 활성도는 Root canal sealer가 갖추어야 할 필수요소 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 최근 임상술식에 사용되고 있는 8종의 root canal sealer의 근관내 혐기성 세균에 대한 항균효과를 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 혼합직후의 경화되지 않은 sealer와 경화 7일 후 sealer의 항균효과도 비교하였다. 항균효과 측정을 위해 사용된 균주는 최근 실패한 근관치료 증례에서 배양되어 보고된 바 있는 Enterococcus faecalis와 근관내 주요 감염균인 그램음성 혐기성세균인 Staphylococcus aureus를 대상으로 하였고, Agar diffusion test 방법을 사용하였다. 실험방법으로는 2개의 paper disk에 신선하게 혼합한 각각의 sealer를 도포하여 한개의 disk는 즉시 실험에 사용하고 다른 한개의 disk는 일주일간 혐기성 배양기에서 경화시킨 다음 사용한다 각각의 균주를 Brucellar blood agar plate에 접종한 다음, sealer가 도포된 paper disk를 plate상에 올려놓는다. 대조군으로는 식염수에 침윤시킨 disc를 같은 방법으로 각 실험단계에 사용한다. 각 plate를 혐기성 배양기에서 48시간동안 배양한 뒤 실험에 사용한 sealer의 항균효과를 6mm paper-disk를 둘러싼 inhibition zone을 측정하여 평가한다. Fisher's PLSD분석방법 결과 E. faecalis에 대하여 경화 전과 후의 AH26모두 경화 전과 후의 Roth 801, Dentalis, Apexit, AH Plus, RSA그리고 경화 후의 MCS보다 유의성 있게 강한 항균효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고되었으며. 경화 후의 AH26은 경화 전의 AH 26, 경화 전의 Ketac Endo, 경화 전의 MCS보다 통계학적으로 유의성이 있는 항균작용을 하는 것이 관찰되었다 (p＜0.05). 경화 후 Roth 801, 경화전과 후의 Dentalis, AH plus, Apexit, RSA는 E. faecalis에 대한 항균효과를 나타내지 못하였다. S. aureus에 대하여 경화후의 AH26이 경화 전과 후의 Roth 801, Apexit, AH Plus, RSA보다 유의성있는 항균효과를 보이는 것을 발견 할 수 있었고, 경화 전의 AH 26이 경화 후의 AH plus보다 나은 항균효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 또, 경화 전과 후의 Apexit, 경화 후의 AH Plus, 경화 전과 후의 RSA에서는 S. aureus에 대한 항균작용이 발견되지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과 AH26이 가장 강한 항균 작용을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 각 sealer의 경화 전과 후의 항균효과는 AH26이 경화 전보다 경화 후에서 더 강한 항균효과를 나타내는 것 이외에는 효과의 차이가 없었다.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.235-245
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring the slumping resistance of resin composites and to relate it to the rheological characteristics. Five commercial hybrid composites (Z100. Z250. DenFil, Tetric Ceram. ClearFil) and a nanofill composite (Z350) were used to make disc-shaped specimens of 2 mm thickness. An aluminum mold with square shaped cutting surface was pressed onto the composite discs to make standardized imprints. The imprints were light-cured either immediately (non-slumped) or after waiting for 3 minutes at $25^{\circ}C$ (slumped). White stone replicas were made and then scanned for topography using a laser 3-D profilometer. Slumping resistance index (SRI) was defined as the ratio of the groove depth of the slumped specimen to that of the non-slumped specimen. The pre-cure viscoelasticity of each composite was evaluated by an oscillatory shear test and normal stress was measured by a squeeze test using a rheometer. Flow test was also performed using a flow tester. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the viscoelastic properties and the SRI. SRI varied between the six materials (Z100 < DenFil < Z250 < ClearFil < Tetric Ceram < Z350). The SRI was strongly correlated with the viscous (loss) shear modulus G' but not with the loss tangent. Also. slumping resistance was more closely related to the resistance to shear flow than to the normal stress. Slumping tendency could be quantified using the imprint method and SRI. The index may be applicable to evaluate the clinical handling characteristics of composites.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2005

To investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Patrinia scabiosaefolia extracts against food-borne pathogens, we extracted the P. scabiosaefolia with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extracts was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the P. scabiosaefolia extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. Synergistic effect in inhibition was observed when P. scabiosaefolia extract was mixed Forsythiae fructus extract as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Shigella sonnei. The ethyl acetate extract of P. scabiosaefolia had strong antimicrobial activity against S. sonnei at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of S. Sonnei was retarded more than 72 hours and up to 48 hours for S. epidermidis. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia can be used for the efficient material against the growth of S. epidermidis and S. sonnei.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 1997

Recombinant plasmid, pBKH4, containing NPT II and P35S-BcHSP17.6 was constructed by ligation of Bum H I -digested pBKSl-l and BcHSP 17.6 (thermotolerance gene) 6om pBLH4. The tobacco leaf disc was cocultivated with transformed Agmbacterium tumefaciens bearing pBKH4 for 24 hours and transformed shoots were selected on MS-n/B medium containing $100\;{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ of kanamycin. Heat-killing temperature of Nicotima tabacum was $50^{\circ}$ for >15min, and transformed tobacco plants with BcHSP17.6 cDNA exhibited thermotolerance at the heat-killing temperature. The transgenic plants were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with the probe of ${\alpha}^{_32}P$ labelled BcHSP17.6 cDNA. Transcription and expression level of BcHSP17.6 cDNA were also continued by Northern blot analysis and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion assay. In this study, we suggest that the BcHSP17.6 cDNA introduced to tobacco plant is related to thenuoto-lerance and 17.6-kD LMW HSP acts as a protector from heat damage in plants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2012

Diarrheal diseases constitute one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children globally. One of the main microorganisms causing diarrheal diseases is Campylobacter jejuni. For treatment of these diseases, Portulaca oleracea has been widely used as a folk remedy for a long time. This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of P. oleracea against gastroenteritis pathogens including C. jejuni. P. oleracea was extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol, and hot water. The antimicrobial activity of the P. oleracea extracts was determined using the paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentration, and the liquid culture method. The 10 $mg/m{\ell}$ ethylacetate extract showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteriditis, and Shigella spp.. The hot water extract from P. oleracea showed the highest anti-microbial activity against C. jejuni at 10~20 $mg/m{\ell}$. The hot water extract of P. oleracea retarded the growth of C. jejuni for 36 hr at $42^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of Gelidium amansii L., which using methanol, dichloromethane and ethanol were extracted and fractionated into four different types : methanol (GAMM), hexane (GAMH), butanol (GAME) and aqueous (GAMA). The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the solvent fractions, The methanol partition layer (GAMM) showed the strongest antimicrobial activities and cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. We also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of GA on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of GAMM on HepG2 cells at $40{\mu}g/mL$ concentration indicated 2.5 with a control value of 1.0.